本体论在网络信息检索中的应用研究
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摘要
随着网络信息的爆炸性增长,常规的基于关键词的网络信息检索技术已越来越不能满足用户的检索需求,而本体论作为一种新的知识表示方式,由于具有良好的概念层次结构和对逻辑推理的支持,因而在网络信息检索中具有广阔的应用前景。
通过本体论,一方面可以把信息检索从基于关键词的层次提高到基于概念的层次,从而提高系统的查准率与查全率;另一方面可以对概念之间的相关性进行推理挖掘,从而满足用户进行智能化信息检索的需求。
本文对本体论在网络信息检索中的作用,从用户需求的分析与实现、目标文档的分析与语义标引以及用户兴趣模型的构建等三个方面进行了深入的分析与探讨,并在此基础上构造了一个基于本体论的智能化网络信息检索模型。
本文的主要贡献有:
1、提出了一种基于本体论的网页文档的标引算法。该算法利用本体论对提取的网页特征词汇进行概念歧义的消除,然后建立本体论与网页文档之间的映射关系,从而实现对网页文档进行语义标引。
2、提出了一种基于本体论的智能化查询算法。该算法充分利用本体论的推理功能,把出现在用户查询中的概念、关系以及属性等信息进行综合考虑,从而挖掘出用户的真正需求所在。
3、提出了一种基于本体论的智能化网络信息检索模型。该模型的实现不仅比传统的检索系统具有更高的查全率和查准率,而且在一定程度上使检索系统更具智能化和个性化。
With the rapid increment of the information on the web,Traditional information retrieval based on the keywords is far from user's satisfaction in recall and precision. As a new way of knowledge description,ontology will have a wide prospect of application in search engine area because of its capability to represent meaning of the information by a hierarchical structure and its reasoning support.
On the one hand,The information retrieval can be promoted from the keywords level to the conception level by ontology,It will promote the recall and the precision;On the other hand,The relevance of the conception can be exploited and reasoned,It will realize intelligent information retrieval. This thesis gives in-depth analysis and discussion about the function of the ontology in three aspects of information retrieval,including the analysis and construction of user's demand、The analysis and semantic indexing of targeted documents and the construction of user interest model,And then an intelligent information retrieval model based on ontology is given.
The main contributions are as follows:
1.Propose an ontology-based semantic indexing method. The method takes advantage of ontology to clear the conceptual ambiguity and then build the reflective relationship between ontology and the web document,which realizes the semantic indexing of targeted document.
2.Propose an ontology-based intelligent query method. The method takes full use of the function of ontology reasoning,and gives a full consideration of concepts、attribute、relationship and other information in users’query,which can find out what users really need.
3.Propose and implement an ontology-based intelligent information retrieval model. The realization of this model not only will promote the recall and the precision but also makes the retrieval system more intelligent and personalized.
通过本体论,一方面可以把信息检索从基于关键词的层次提高到基于概念的层次,从而提高系统的查准率与查全率;另一方面可以对概念之间的相关性进行推理挖掘,从而满足用户进行智能化信息检索的需求。
本文对本体论在网络信息检索中的作用,从用户需求的分析与实现、目标文档的分析与语义标引以及用户兴趣模型的构建等三个方面进行了深入的分析与探讨,并在此基础上构造了一个基于本体论的智能化网络信息检索模型。
本文的主要贡献有:
1、提出了一种基于本体论的网页文档的标引算法。该算法利用本体论对提取的网页特征词汇进行概念歧义的消除,然后建立本体论与网页文档之间的映射关系,从而实现对网页文档进行语义标引。
2、提出了一种基于本体论的智能化查询算法。该算法充分利用本体论的推理功能,把出现在用户查询中的概念、关系以及属性等信息进行综合考虑,从而挖掘出用户的真正需求所在。
3、提出了一种基于本体论的智能化网络信息检索模型。该模型的实现不仅比传统的检索系统具有更高的查全率和查准率,而且在一定程度上使检索系统更具智能化和个性化。
With the rapid increment of the information on the web,Traditional information retrieval based on the keywords is far from user's satisfaction in recall and precision. As a new way of knowledge description,ontology will have a wide prospect of application in search engine area because of its capability to represent meaning of the information by a hierarchical structure and its reasoning support.
On the one hand,The information retrieval can be promoted from the keywords level to the conception level by ontology,It will promote the recall and the precision;On the other hand,The relevance of the conception can be exploited and reasoned,It will realize intelligent information retrieval. This thesis gives in-depth analysis and discussion about the function of the ontology in three aspects of information retrieval,including the analysis and construction of user's demand、The analysis and semantic indexing of targeted documents and the construction of user interest model,And then an intelligent information retrieval model based on ontology is given.
The main contributions are as follows:
1.Propose an ontology-based semantic indexing method. The method takes advantage of ontology to clear the conceptual ambiguity and then build the reflective relationship between ontology and the web document,which realizes the semantic indexing of targeted document.
2.Propose an ontology-based intelligent query method. The method takes full use of the function of ontology reasoning,and gives a full consideration of concepts、attribute、relationship and other information in users’query,which can find out what users really need.
3.Propose and implement an ontology-based intelligent information retrieval model. The realization of this model not only will promote the recall and the precision but also makes the retrieval system more intelligent and personalized.
引文
[1]刘俊凤.语义Web环境下基于Ontology的信息检索研究.情报科学, 2006(4):566-569
[2]秦春秀.基于本体的Web信息捡索系统及其关键技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文, 2005:5-7
[3] Guarino N,Masolo C,Vetere G. OntoSeek: Content-based access to the web. IEEE Intelligent Systems,1999,14(3):70-80
[4] Ontobroker. http://Ontobroker.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.
[5] Cycorp,inc. What is Cyc ? http://www.cyc.com/cyc/technology/whatiscyc_dir/whatiscyc
[6] W.Maki, L.McKinley, A.Thompson. Semantic distance norms computed from an electronic dictionary (wordnet). Behavior Research Methods, Instruments,& Computers, 2004,36:421-431
[7] R. Navigli, P. Velardi. An analysis of ontology-based query expansion strategies. In Workshop 14th European on Adaptive Text Extraction and Mining (ATEM 2003), in the Conference on Machine Learning (ECML 2003).
[8]武成岗,焦文品,田启家等.基于本体论和多主体的信息检索服务器.计算机研究与发展,2001,38(6):641-647
[9]廖明宏等.一个WWW智能搜索引擎.计算机应用研究, 2001(5):29-30
[10]万捷.本体论在信息检索中的应用研究.东南大学硕士学位论文, 2003.
[11]徐振宁,张维明,陈文伟.基于Ontology的智能信息检索.计算机科学,2001(6): 21-26
[12]廖乐健,曹元大,李新颖.基于Ontology的信息抽取.计算机工程与应用,2002(23): 110-113
[13]李景.本体理论在文献检索系统中的应用研究.北京图书馆出版社, 2005.
[14]王进.基于本体的语义信息检索研究.中国科学技术大学博士学位论文,2006: 17-18
[15] Alexander Maeche. Ontology learning for the semantic web. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002:15-17
[16]王森洋.东西方哲学比较研究.上海教育出版社,1994:97-104
[17]杜文华.本体的构建及其在数字图书馆中的应用研究.武汉大学博士学位论文, 2005:8-9
[18] Gruber,T.R. A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specification. Knowledge Acquisition, 1993(5):199-220
[19] Borst, P. and Akkermans, H. An Ontology Approach to Product Disassembly. EKAW 1997,Sant Feliu de GuSxols, Spain, October: 15-19
[20] Studer Rudi,Richard Benjamins and Dieter Fensel. Knowledge Engineering: Principles and Methods. Data and Knowledge Engineering. 1998(1-2):161-197
[21]李景.本体理论在文献检索系统中的应用研究.北京图书馆出版社,2005:5-6
[22] Mizoguchi, Riichiro,Johan Vanwelkenhuysen. Task Ontology for Reuse of Problem Solving Knowledge. Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases.N.J.i. Mars. Ed. IOS Press,1995:46-94
[23] Borgo,Stefano,Nicola Guarino. Stratified Ontologies: The Case of Physical Objects. Proceedings of ECAI96's Workshop on Ontological Engineering,1996:5-16
[24] Cycorp,inc. What is Cyc ? http://www.cyc.com/cyc/technology/whatiscyc_dir/whatiscyc
[25]秦春秀.基于本体的Web信息捡索系统及其关键技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2005:23-24
[26]艾丹祥.基于本体论的知识检索研究.武汉大学硕士毕业论文,2004.
[27]李景.本体理论在文献检索系统中的应用研究.北京图书馆出版社,2005:10-11
[28] United Nations Standard Products and Services Code. http://www.unspsc.org/
[29] McGuinness, D.L., Fikes, R., Rice, J. and Wilder, S. (2000). An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies. Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference (KR2000). A. G. Cohn, F. Giunchiglia and B. Selman,editors. San Francisco, CA, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
[30] McGuinness,D.L. and Wright,J. Conceptual Modeling for Configuration: A description Logic-based Approach. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design,Analysis,and Manufacturing - special issue on Configuration. Vo1.12, 1998(4): 333-344
[31]杜文华.本体的构建及其在数字图书馆中的应用研究.武汉大学博士学位论文,2005:17-19
[32] Peter D. Karp and Thomas R. Gruber (1995). A Generic Knowledge-base Access protocol.Proceedings of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, Montreal, 1995. An ontology-based knowledge sharing API for AI people.
[33]覃华兵.知识组织工具--本体研究.武汉大学硕士学位论文,2005:16-17
[34] ISI.Loom Project Hompage. http://www.isi.edu/isd/LOOM/LOOM-HOME.html
[35] Cycorp, Inc. The CycL of Syntax. http://www.cyc.com/cycdoc/ref/cycl-syntax.html
[36]李景.本体理论在文献检索系统中的应用研究.北京图书馆出版社,2005:113-156
[37] http://protege.stanford.edu
[38] http://www.ontoprise.de/com/start_ downlo.htm
[39] http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/software/ontolingua/
[40]艾丹祥.基于本体论的知识检索研究.武汉大学硕士毕业论文,2004:9-10
[41]张晓林. Semantic Web与基于语义的网络信息检索.情报学报, 2003(8):413-420
[42]秦春秀,赵捧未,窦永香.一种基于本体的语义标引方法.情报理论与实践,2005(3): 244-246
[43]万捷.本体论在信息检索中的应用研究.东南大学硕士学位论文,2003:29-31
[44]张琪玉.情报语言学基础.武汉大学出版社,1997:66-69
[45]陈兰,左志宏,熊毅等.一种新的基于Ontology的信息抽取方法.计算机应用研究, 2004(8):155-157
[46]陈康,武港山.基于Ontology的信息检索技术研究.中文信息学报,2005(2):51-57
[47]秦春秀.基于本体的WEB信息捡索系统及其关键技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[48]王进.基于本体的语义信息检索研究.中国科学技术大学博士学位论文,2006:31-38
[49]艾丹祥.基于本体论的知识检索研究.武汉大学硕士毕业论文,2004:49-50
[50]李勇.智能检索中基于本体的个性化用户建模技术及应用.国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文,2002:7,17-23
[51]鲍君.个性化网络信息智能检索系统设计.情报理论与实践,2004(4):422-426
[52]秦春秀.基于本体的Web信息捡索系统及其关键技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2005:23-25
[53]艾丹祥.基于本体论的知识检索研究.武汉大学硕士毕业论文,2004:27-28
[54]吴金红.一种基于本体论的知识检索原型系统.情报杂志,2004(11):45-46
[2]秦春秀.基于本体的Web信息捡索系统及其关键技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文, 2005:5-7
[3] Guarino N,Masolo C,Vetere G. OntoSeek: Content-based access to the web. IEEE Intelligent Systems,1999,14(3):70-80
[4] Ontobroker. http://Ontobroker.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.
[5] Cycorp,inc. What is Cyc ? http://www.cyc.com/cyc/technology/whatiscyc_dir/whatiscyc
[6] W.Maki, L.McKinley, A.Thompson. Semantic distance norms computed from an electronic dictionary (wordnet). Behavior Research Methods, Instruments,& Computers, 2004,36:421-431
[7] R. Navigli, P. Velardi. An analysis of ontology-based query expansion strategies. In Workshop 14th European on Adaptive Text Extraction and Mining (ATEM 2003), in the Conference on Machine Learning (ECML 2003).
[8]武成岗,焦文品,田启家等.基于本体论和多主体的信息检索服务器.计算机研究与发展,2001,38(6):641-647
[9]廖明宏等.一个WWW智能搜索引擎.计算机应用研究, 2001(5):29-30
[10]万捷.本体论在信息检索中的应用研究.东南大学硕士学位论文, 2003.
[11]徐振宁,张维明,陈文伟.基于Ontology的智能信息检索.计算机科学,2001(6): 21-26
[12]廖乐健,曹元大,李新颖.基于Ontology的信息抽取.计算机工程与应用,2002(23): 110-113
[13]李景.本体理论在文献检索系统中的应用研究.北京图书馆出版社, 2005.
[14]王进.基于本体的语义信息检索研究.中国科学技术大学博士学位论文,2006: 17-18
[15] Alexander Maeche. Ontology learning for the semantic web. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002:15-17
[16]王森洋.东西方哲学比较研究.上海教育出版社,1994:97-104
[17]杜文华.本体的构建及其在数字图书馆中的应用研究.武汉大学博士学位论文, 2005:8-9
[18] Gruber,T.R. A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specification. Knowledge Acquisition, 1993(5):199-220
[19] Borst, P. and Akkermans, H. An Ontology Approach to Product Disassembly. EKAW 1997,Sant Feliu de GuSxols, Spain, October: 15-19
[20] Studer Rudi,Richard Benjamins and Dieter Fensel. Knowledge Engineering: Principles and Methods. Data and Knowledge Engineering. 1998(1-2):161-197
[21]李景.本体理论在文献检索系统中的应用研究.北京图书馆出版社,2005:5-6
[22] Mizoguchi, Riichiro,Johan Vanwelkenhuysen. Task Ontology for Reuse of Problem Solving Knowledge. Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases.N.J.i. Mars. Ed. IOS Press,1995:46-94
[23] Borgo,Stefano,Nicola Guarino. Stratified Ontologies: The Case of Physical Objects. Proceedings of ECAI96's Workshop on Ontological Engineering,1996:5-16
[24] Cycorp,inc. What is Cyc ? http://www.cyc.com/cyc/technology/whatiscyc_dir/whatiscyc
[25]秦春秀.基于本体的Web信息捡索系统及其关键技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2005:23-24
[26]艾丹祥.基于本体论的知识检索研究.武汉大学硕士毕业论文,2004.
[27]李景.本体理论在文献检索系统中的应用研究.北京图书馆出版社,2005:10-11
[28] United Nations Standard Products and Services Code. http://www.unspsc.org/
[29] McGuinness, D.L., Fikes, R., Rice, J. and Wilder, S. (2000). An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies. Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference (KR2000). A. G. Cohn, F. Giunchiglia and B. Selman,editors. San Francisco, CA, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
[30] McGuinness,D.L. and Wright,J. Conceptual Modeling for Configuration: A description Logic-based Approach. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design,Analysis,and Manufacturing - special issue on Configuration. Vo1.12, 1998(4): 333-344
[31]杜文华.本体的构建及其在数字图书馆中的应用研究.武汉大学博士学位论文,2005:17-19
[32] Peter D. Karp and Thomas R. Gruber (1995). A Generic Knowledge-base Access protocol.Proceedings of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, Montreal, 1995. An ontology-based knowledge sharing API for AI people.
[33]覃华兵.知识组织工具--本体研究.武汉大学硕士学位论文,2005:16-17
[34] ISI.Loom Project Hompage. http://www.isi.edu/isd/LOOM/LOOM-HOME.html
[35] Cycorp, Inc. The CycL of Syntax. http://www.cyc.com/cycdoc/ref/cycl-syntax.html
[36]李景.本体理论在文献检索系统中的应用研究.北京图书馆出版社,2005:113-156
[37] http://protege.stanford.edu
[38] http://www.ontoprise.de/com/start_ downlo.htm
[39] http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/software/ontolingua/
[40]艾丹祥.基于本体论的知识检索研究.武汉大学硕士毕业论文,2004:9-10
[41]张晓林. Semantic Web与基于语义的网络信息检索.情报学报, 2003(8):413-420
[42]秦春秀,赵捧未,窦永香.一种基于本体的语义标引方法.情报理论与实践,2005(3): 244-246
[43]万捷.本体论在信息检索中的应用研究.东南大学硕士学位论文,2003:29-31
[44]张琪玉.情报语言学基础.武汉大学出版社,1997:66-69
[45]陈兰,左志宏,熊毅等.一种新的基于Ontology的信息抽取方法.计算机应用研究, 2004(8):155-157
[46]陈康,武港山.基于Ontology的信息检索技术研究.中文信息学报,2005(2):51-57
[47]秦春秀.基于本体的WEB信息捡索系统及其关键技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[48]王进.基于本体的语义信息检索研究.中国科学技术大学博士学位论文,2006:31-38
[49]艾丹祥.基于本体论的知识检索研究.武汉大学硕士毕业论文,2004:49-50
[50]李勇.智能检索中基于本体的个性化用户建模技术及应用.国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文,2002:7,17-23
[51]鲍君.个性化网络信息智能检索系统设计.情报理论与实践,2004(4):422-426
[52]秦春秀.基于本体的Web信息捡索系统及其关键技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2005:23-25
[53]艾丹祥.基于本体论的知识检索研究.武汉大学硕士毕业论文,2004:27-28
[54]吴金红.一种基于本体论的知识检索原型系统.情报杂志,2004(11):45-46