集装箱港区作业系统交互式仿真与方案优化研究
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摘要
集装箱港区作业系统是一个复杂的离散事件动态系统,船舶装卸作业、水平运输与堆场作业等具有离散、随机及动态性的特点。采用简化的经验估算的传统设计方法,很难对系统各环节的改变所产生的影响作出定量化的评价。而且随着集装箱港口规模的扩大,现代物流服务业对快捷精准及高能级服务的要求,港区装卸作业系统向大型化、高效化、一体化、自动化、信息化方向发展,规划、设计、运营中需考虑因素进一步复杂,这些给港区作业系统高效运营的科学决策带来挑战。本文结合港区作业系统中的关键问题,研究了集装箱港区作业系统仿真与优化的理论与方法。将系统仿真技术、计算机交互技术和模糊综合评价理论在集装箱港区作业系统交互式仿真与方案优化中进行了综合的研究和应用。主要工作与研究成果如下:
(1)基于Petri网理论对集装箱港区作业系统进行分解,描述与分析了整个港区作业的动态流程,分析成果结合复杂离散事件系统仿真理论,构建了港区作业系统仿真与优化总体框架,建立了相关的作业系统仿真模型;并依据港区交通特性及车辆行驶的原则,对水平运输系统车流进行了仿真分析研究;仿真输出为方案优化提供了综合评价数据。
(2)在集装箱作业系统仿真中引入交互式仿真技术,将系统仿真在随机过程和辅助决策方面的优势与计算机交互技术中高度沉浸感的交互式仿真环境结合,实现了真实场景下集装箱港区作业系统交互式仿真与控制。真实场景下的作业系统动态仿真为集装箱港区运营提供了一个全新的可交互与控制的仿真环境,实现了三维实体的创建和属性设置、场景的拾取操作与实时交互、场景漫游和交互式查询等,便于快速、直观掌握港区作业情况,为港区运营方案的论证、分析提供了一个交互平台。
(3)针对集装箱港区作业仿真方案的特点,建立了多目标、多层次的港区作业方案模糊综合评价指标体系,并提出了基于熵权的作业方案模糊综合评价方法,构建了作业方案模糊综合评价模型。该方法综合主观与客观确定权重方法的优势,改善了传统主观确定权重方法形成的偏差。
(4)依托某集装箱港口工程,基于仿真参数的统计与分析,运用交互式仿真技术,对该港区作业系统进行仿真分析,并实现仿真方案多目标、多层次综合评价与优化;结合敏感性分析,从理论上验证在港区作业系统综合评价中,经济指标和技术指标占据着比较重要的地位。
Operation System of Container Port Area is a complicate dynamic system with discrete events, and its stevedoring operation, horizontal transportation and storage yard operation are characterized by discreteness, randomicity and dynamic. It is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the influence by changes of every sub-system with traditional designing method of empirical estimation. What is more, as container port size expands, its operation system is largely developing in scale, speed, automatization and informatization. These all make some difficulty in determination of efficient running scheme. Considering key problems of operation system, theories and methodologies of simulation and optimization for operation system of container port area are studied. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory and technologies of system simulation and computer interaction are integrated, and the main contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) Based on Petri network theory, the operation system of container port area is analyzed. The dynamic procedure of whole port area operation is discussed, and applying the theory of system simulation for complicate discrete events, general framework of operation system simulation and optimization is established. According to port transportation characteristic and vehicle driving principle, horizontal transportation system is simulated and analyzed. The output of simulation supplies comprehensive evaluation data for scheme optimization.
(2) It is presented that the technology of interactive simulation is introduced into the research on operation system of container port area. With integration of advantage about stochastic process and assistant decision-making in system simulation and high-immersed interactive platform in computer interaction, interactive simulation and control is achieved for operation system of container port area in virtual scene. A novel interactive and controllable simulation environment is provided, and it is able to create 3D body and set theirs attribution, easy to pick up body and real-time interact between computer and user, scene navigation and interactive query is realized. Then condition of port area operation is immediately and intuitionisticly obtained, and a good interactive platform is offered for scheme demonstration and analysis.
(3) Aiming to characteristic of operation scheme of container port area, multi-objective and multi-layer index system of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for port area operation is established. Based on entropy weight, the correlative estimation method for operation scheme is presented, and also correlative estimation model is constructed. Advantage of subjective and objective method of weight determination is integrated, and deviation from traditional method is improved.
(4) The above theories and methods have been applied to some container port engineering. Based on statistics and analysis of simulation parameter, applying interactive simulation technology, the port area operation system is simulated, and its result scheme is estimated and optimized with multi-objective and multi-layer method. According to sensitivity analysis, it is theoretically proved that economic index and technical index play more important role in container port operation system.
(1)基于Petri网理论对集装箱港区作业系统进行分解,描述与分析了整个港区作业的动态流程,分析成果结合复杂离散事件系统仿真理论,构建了港区作业系统仿真与优化总体框架,建立了相关的作业系统仿真模型;并依据港区交通特性及车辆行驶的原则,对水平运输系统车流进行了仿真分析研究;仿真输出为方案优化提供了综合评价数据。
(2)在集装箱作业系统仿真中引入交互式仿真技术,将系统仿真在随机过程和辅助决策方面的优势与计算机交互技术中高度沉浸感的交互式仿真环境结合,实现了真实场景下集装箱港区作业系统交互式仿真与控制。真实场景下的作业系统动态仿真为集装箱港区运营提供了一个全新的可交互与控制的仿真环境,实现了三维实体的创建和属性设置、场景的拾取操作与实时交互、场景漫游和交互式查询等,便于快速、直观掌握港区作业情况,为港区运营方案的论证、分析提供了一个交互平台。
(3)针对集装箱港区作业仿真方案的特点,建立了多目标、多层次的港区作业方案模糊综合评价指标体系,并提出了基于熵权的作业方案模糊综合评价方法,构建了作业方案模糊综合评价模型。该方法综合主观与客观确定权重方法的优势,改善了传统主观确定权重方法形成的偏差。
(4)依托某集装箱港口工程,基于仿真参数的统计与分析,运用交互式仿真技术,对该港区作业系统进行仿真分析,并实现仿真方案多目标、多层次综合评价与优化;结合敏感性分析,从理论上验证在港区作业系统综合评价中,经济指标和技术指标占据着比较重要的地位。
Operation System of Container Port Area is a complicate dynamic system with discrete events, and its stevedoring operation, horizontal transportation and storage yard operation are characterized by discreteness, randomicity and dynamic. It is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the influence by changes of every sub-system with traditional designing method of empirical estimation. What is more, as container port size expands, its operation system is largely developing in scale, speed, automatization and informatization. These all make some difficulty in determination of efficient running scheme. Considering key problems of operation system, theories and methodologies of simulation and optimization for operation system of container port area are studied. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory and technologies of system simulation and computer interaction are integrated, and the main contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) Based on Petri network theory, the operation system of container port area is analyzed. The dynamic procedure of whole port area operation is discussed, and applying the theory of system simulation for complicate discrete events, general framework of operation system simulation and optimization is established. According to port transportation characteristic and vehicle driving principle, horizontal transportation system is simulated and analyzed. The output of simulation supplies comprehensive evaluation data for scheme optimization.
(2) It is presented that the technology of interactive simulation is introduced into the research on operation system of container port area. With integration of advantage about stochastic process and assistant decision-making in system simulation and high-immersed interactive platform in computer interaction, interactive simulation and control is achieved for operation system of container port area in virtual scene. A novel interactive and controllable simulation environment is provided, and it is able to create 3D body and set theirs attribution, easy to pick up body and real-time interact between computer and user, scene navigation and interactive query is realized. Then condition of port area operation is immediately and intuitionisticly obtained, and a good interactive platform is offered for scheme demonstration and analysis.
(3) Aiming to characteristic of operation scheme of container port area, multi-objective and multi-layer index system of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for port area operation is established. Based on entropy weight, the correlative estimation method for operation scheme is presented, and also correlative estimation model is constructed. Advantage of subjective and objective method of weight determination is integrated, and deviation from traditional method is improved.
(4) The above theories and methods have been applied to some container port engineering. Based on statistics and analysis of simulation parameter, applying interactive simulation technology, the port area operation system is simulated, and its result scheme is estimated and optimized with multi-objective and multi-layer method. According to sensitivity analysis, it is theoretically proved that economic index and technical index play more important role in container port operation system.
引文
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