考虑应变率效应的结构抗震分析方法研究
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摘要
土木工程中应用的材料都有一定的率敏感性,对结构进行抗震分析时有必要考虑材料的应变率效应。然而,目前缺乏在抗震分析中考虑材料应变率效应的方法。本文采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,对连续性倒塌分析方法、应变率对钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构和输电塔-线体系非线性响应的影响、pushover分析中考虑应变率效应的方法、非线性时程分析中考虑应变率效应的方法、应变率对RC框架结构和输电塔-线体系连续性倒塌的影响这些方面进行了研究。主要研究内容如下：
(1)提出了在连续性倒塌分析中单元丧失承载能力后仍考虑其质量的方法。基于《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010-2010),分别采用提出的方法和“生死单元”方法,编制了大型有限元软件ABAQUS的子程序。通过对RC柱的静态和动态加载试验进行数值模拟,对开发的子程序进行了验证。
(2)通过对某四层RC框架结构进行增量动力时程分析,研究了材料的应变率效应对结构最大顶点位移、最大基底剪力、最大层间位移和能力曲线的影响。通过对某输电塔-线体系进行增量动力时程分析,研究了材料的应变率效应对输电塔和导(地)线响应的影响。
(3)基于结构动力学基本原理,提出了在pushover分析中考虑应变率效应的方法。将pushover分析过程看作一个1/4循环,1/4循环的时间取结构等效线性单自由度体系周期的1/4,提出了两种考虑应变率效应的方法。通过对两个模型进行pushover分析和增量动力时程分析,验证了提出方法的有效性。
(4)提出了一种在结构非线性时程分析中考虑应变率效应的简化、实用方法。采用该方法时,需要对结构进行两次非线性时程分析。通过第一次的分析可以估算结构不同位置的应变率水平,然后对计算模型修改,最后对其进行第二次分析。通过对三个简易结构进行数值模拟,验证了提出方法的可靠性。
(5)采用开发的子程序,对某RC框架结构和输电塔-线体系进行了连续性倒塌分析,研究了材料的应变率效应对结构抗倒塌能力和连续性倒塌过程的影响。
Most materials used in civil engineering are sensitive to strain rate, which should be considered in seismic analysis. But at present, there is lack of method for considering strain rate effect. Using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, progressive collapse analysis method, influences of strain rate on the nonlinear response of RC frame structure and transmission tower-line system, the methods for considering strain rate effect in pushover analysis and nonlinear time history analysis, influences of strain rate on the progressive collapse of RC frame structure and transmission tower-line system are studied. The primary contents are listed as follows:
(1) The method that the mass of the elements is still retained rather than removal after elements lose the load-bearing capacity is proposed. According to the "code for design of concrete structures"(GB50010-2010), the user subroutine VUMAT that can be implemented in the advanced finite element program ABAQUS is coded. The simulated results of a RC column under static and dynamic loading modes are consistent with experimental results.
(2) Incremental dynamic analysis of a four-storey RC frame structure is conducted to study the effects of strain rate on the maximum top displacement, maximum base shear, maximum storey drift, capacity curve of the structure. Incremental dynamic analysis of a transmission tower-line system is conducted to study the effects of strain rate on the nonlinear responses of tower and line.
(3) Based on the basic dynamic theory of structure, pushover analysis methods considering strain rate effect are proposed. The process of pushover analysis can be treated as a1/4cycle, the analysis time takes a quarter of the period of the equivalent linear single degree freedom system. Two methods are proposed. Incremental dynamic analysis and pushover analysis of two structures are conducted, the results indicate the reliability of the proposed methods.
(4) A simplified and practical method considering strain rate effect in nonlinear time history analysis is proposed. First, perform nonlinear time-history analysis without considering strain rate effect. Then the model can be modified according to estimated strain rate. Finally, perform nonlinear time-history analysis again. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by three numerical examples.
(5) By using the coded program, the strain rate effects on the collapse-resistent capacity and collapse process of RC frame structure and transmission tower-line system are studied.
(1)提出了在连续性倒塌分析中单元丧失承载能力后仍考虑其质量的方法。基于《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010-2010),分别采用提出的方法和“生死单元”方法,编制了大型有限元软件ABAQUS的子程序。通过对RC柱的静态和动态加载试验进行数值模拟,对开发的子程序进行了验证。
(2)通过对某四层RC框架结构进行增量动力时程分析,研究了材料的应变率效应对结构最大顶点位移、最大基底剪力、最大层间位移和能力曲线的影响。通过对某输电塔-线体系进行增量动力时程分析,研究了材料的应变率效应对输电塔和导(地)线响应的影响。
(3)基于结构动力学基本原理,提出了在pushover分析中考虑应变率效应的方法。将pushover分析过程看作一个1/4循环,1/4循环的时间取结构等效线性单自由度体系周期的1/4,提出了两种考虑应变率效应的方法。通过对两个模型进行pushover分析和增量动力时程分析,验证了提出方法的有效性。
(4)提出了一种在结构非线性时程分析中考虑应变率效应的简化、实用方法。采用该方法时,需要对结构进行两次非线性时程分析。通过第一次的分析可以估算结构不同位置的应变率水平,然后对计算模型修改,最后对其进行第二次分析。通过对三个简易结构进行数值模拟,验证了提出方法的可靠性。
(5)采用开发的子程序,对某RC框架结构和输电塔-线体系进行了连续性倒塌分析,研究了材料的应变率效应对结构抗倒塌能力和连续性倒塌过程的影响。
Most materials used in civil engineering are sensitive to strain rate, which should be considered in seismic analysis. But at present, there is lack of method for considering strain rate effect. Using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, progressive collapse analysis method, influences of strain rate on the nonlinear response of RC frame structure and transmission tower-line system, the methods for considering strain rate effect in pushover analysis and nonlinear time history analysis, influences of strain rate on the progressive collapse of RC frame structure and transmission tower-line system are studied. The primary contents are listed as follows:
(1) The method that the mass of the elements is still retained rather than removal after elements lose the load-bearing capacity is proposed. According to the "code for design of concrete structures"(GB50010-2010), the user subroutine VUMAT that can be implemented in the advanced finite element program ABAQUS is coded. The simulated results of a RC column under static and dynamic loading modes are consistent with experimental results.
(2) Incremental dynamic analysis of a four-storey RC frame structure is conducted to study the effects of strain rate on the maximum top displacement, maximum base shear, maximum storey drift, capacity curve of the structure. Incremental dynamic analysis of a transmission tower-line system is conducted to study the effects of strain rate on the nonlinear responses of tower and line.
(3) Based on the basic dynamic theory of structure, pushover analysis methods considering strain rate effect are proposed. The process of pushover analysis can be treated as a1/4cycle, the analysis time takes a quarter of the period of the equivalent linear single degree freedom system. Two methods are proposed. Incremental dynamic analysis and pushover analysis of two structures are conducted, the results indicate the reliability of the proposed methods.
(4) A simplified and practical method considering strain rate effect in nonlinear time history analysis is proposed. First, perform nonlinear time-history analysis without considering strain rate effect. Then the model can be modified according to estimated strain rate. Finally, perform nonlinear time-history analysis again. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by three numerical examples.
(5) By using the coded program, the strain rate effects on the collapse-resistent capacity and collapse process of RC frame structure and transmission tower-line system are studied.
引文
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