汾河流域经济空间分异与可持续发展研究
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摘要
20世纪40年代之后,对流域经济与可持续发展的研究开始兴起,汾河是山西最重要的河流,汾河流域是山西最重要的经济区和生态功能区之一,它的发展对山西省具有非常重要的意义。文章从经济空间分异与区域协调发展、产业结构调整与发展以及人与自然的和谐可持续发展三方面展开研究。
通过对汾河流域经济空间分异状态和过程的研究,发现汾河流域经济空间分异程度趋向上升,经济空间分异格局在不断变化中趋于倒退,汾河流域各地区经济发展水平差距越来越大,各地区经济发展非常不协调。对此,本文倡导要努力实现汾河流域经济的协调发展,核心措施是加快流域欠发达地区的发展,尽力缩小流域的地区发展差距,最终实现流域经济协调发展。
通过具体分析汾河流域三大产业的发展状况,以及对汾河流域主导产业的研究,发现汾河流域产业发展存在许多问题,包括第一产业基础地位薄弱、第二产业结构不合理、第三产业素质低、地区产业同构化、产业发展造成严重的环境污染以及主导产业不能适应时代需求等。文章指出汾河流域必须解放思想,大胆探索,紧扣“资源型经济转型”和“综合配套改革”两个关键,优化调整三大产业内部结构,重点支持新兴产业、旅游业、文化产业的发展,推进主导产业由单一向多元、产品由低端向高端转变,实现产业结构的优化和可持续发展。
总结汾河流域在人口、资源、环境、生态等方面的可持续发展现状,以可持续发展思想和科学发展观为指导,笔者提出了对汾河流域未来可持续发展的建议,包括转变发展思想,牢固树立科学发展观；控制人口增长,提高人口素质；发展循环经济,走新型工业化道路；发展生态产业；建立高效、统一的流域环境与发展管理体系；落实环境保护的基本国策,防治环境污染,保护生态环境等。
希望本文的研究能给汾河流域的人口、经济、资源、环境可持续发展起到一定的指导作用,为推动我国对流域可持续发展的研究,实现我国流域人与自然的和谐可持续发展发挥一定积极作用。
It has been given increasing attention to river basin economy after1940s, and sustainable development has become more and more populer since1970s. The Fenhe river basin plays an overall strategic role in the development of Shanxi province as well as the development of China, so it has important significance to research Fenhe river basin's development. There are three parts discussed in this thesis, including the economic spatial differentiation and balanced development among regions, industrial adjustment and development, harmonious and sustainable development of human and nature.
The study of economic differentiation shows that the imbalance of development among regions has become more and more severe. According to this conclusion, it is extremely urgent to take actions to accelarate the development of backward areas. We should pay more attention to the coordinated and balanced development of Fenhe river basin.
After the detailed research of chrice industry and leading industry of Fenhe river basin, we reach a conclusion that there are several problems with the development, including the weak foundation status of primary industry, the unreasonable structure of the secondary industry, the low quality of the tertiary industry, the similar structure of industry among regions, serious environmental pollution and the outdated leading industry, and so on.
In order to keep a sustained, rapid, and sound development of thrice industry, it is essential to adjust and promote the thrice industry sturcture. The key is "resource-based economy transformation" and "comprehensive reform". Fenhe river basin need to adjust the proportion of thrice industry, to phase out backward production capacities and cultivate the rising industries, to give more support on tourism and culture industry, etc.
There are several problem that will interfere the suntainable development of Fenhe river basin, including large and papidly grown population, low quality of people, resource shortage and wastement, severe environmental pollution, fragile ecological environment, and so on. Considering the present situation of Fenhe river basin, the thesis offers some suggestions which includes establishing the scientific development view and shifting the style of economic grownth, controlling population grownth and promoting the quality, developing cyclic economy and taking a new way of industrialization, building a efficient and uniform management system for Fenhe river basin, preventing environment pollution and preserving the econogical environment, and so on.
The thesis is expected to provide some guidance to the development of Fenhe river basin, and the writer hopes to give some promotion to the study of river basin economy and sustainable development.
通过对汾河流域经济空间分异状态和过程的研究,发现汾河流域经济空间分异程度趋向上升,经济空间分异格局在不断变化中趋于倒退,汾河流域各地区经济发展水平差距越来越大,各地区经济发展非常不协调。对此,本文倡导要努力实现汾河流域经济的协调发展,核心措施是加快流域欠发达地区的发展,尽力缩小流域的地区发展差距,最终实现流域经济协调发展。
通过具体分析汾河流域三大产业的发展状况,以及对汾河流域主导产业的研究,发现汾河流域产业发展存在许多问题,包括第一产业基础地位薄弱、第二产业结构不合理、第三产业素质低、地区产业同构化、产业发展造成严重的环境污染以及主导产业不能适应时代需求等。文章指出汾河流域必须解放思想,大胆探索,紧扣“资源型经济转型”和“综合配套改革”两个关键,优化调整三大产业内部结构,重点支持新兴产业、旅游业、文化产业的发展,推进主导产业由单一向多元、产品由低端向高端转变,实现产业结构的优化和可持续发展。
总结汾河流域在人口、资源、环境、生态等方面的可持续发展现状,以可持续发展思想和科学发展观为指导,笔者提出了对汾河流域未来可持续发展的建议,包括转变发展思想,牢固树立科学发展观；控制人口增长,提高人口素质；发展循环经济,走新型工业化道路；发展生态产业；建立高效、统一的流域环境与发展管理体系；落实环境保护的基本国策,防治环境污染,保护生态环境等。
希望本文的研究能给汾河流域的人口、经济、资源、环境可持续发展起到一定的指导作用,为推动我国对流域可持续发展的研究,实现我国流域人与自然的和谐可持续发展发挥一定积极作用。
It has been given increasing attention to river basin economy after1940s, and sustainable development has become more and more populer since1970s. The Fenhe river basin plays an overall strategic role in the development of Shanxi province as well as the development of China, so it has important significance to research Fenhe river basin's development. There are three parts discussed in this thesis, including the economic spatial differentiation and balanced development among regions, industrial adjustment and development, harmonious and sustainable development of human and nature.
The study of economic differentiation shows that the imbalance of development among regions has become more and more severe. According to this conclusion, it is extremely urgent to take actions to accelarate the development of backward areas. We should pay more attention to the coordinated and balanced development of Fenhe river basin.
After the detailed research of chrice industry and leading industry of Fenhe river basin, we reach a conclusion that there are several problems with the development, including the weak foundation status of primary industry, the unreasonable structure of the secondary industry, the low quality of the tertiary industry, the similar structure of industry among regions, serious environmental pollution and the outdated leading industry, and so on.
In order to keep a sustained, rapid, and sound development of thrice industry, it is essential to adjust and promote the thrice industry sturcture. The key is "resource-based economy transformation" and "comprehensive reform". Fenhe river basin need to adjust the proportion of thrice industry, to phase out backward production capacities and cultivate the rising industries, to give more support on tourism and culture industry, etc.
There are several problem that will interfere the suntainable development of Fenhe river basin, including large and papidly grown population, low quality of people, resource shortage and wastement, severe environmental pollution, fragile ecological environment, and so on. Considering the present situation of Fenhe river basin, the thesis offers some suggestions which includes establishing the scientific development view and shifting the style of economic grownth, controlling population grownth and promoting the quality, developing cyclic economy and taking a new way of industrialization, building a efficient and uniform management system for Fenhe river basin, preventing environment pollution and preserving the econogical environment, and so on.
The thesis is expected to provide some guidance to the development of Fenhe river basin, and the writer hopes to give some promotion to the study of river basin economy and sustainable development.
引文
[1]李俊,唐芳,胡碧玉.流域经济开发视野中的问题探讨[J].生态经济,2004(12)：53-55.
[2]徐涛涛.河流生态系统与人类经济发展之间的关系[J].中国水运,2006,6(10)：81-82.
[3]Frank Bothmann.Guidebook for Riverside Regeneration[M]. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer,2006:142.
[4]李敏纳.黄河流域经济空间分异研究[D].河南大学博士论文,2009：1,10,37,48,44.
[5]李小建.经济地理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006：15,188-189.
[6]张文合.流域开发综论——兼议我国七大江河流域的战略地位[J].地理学与国土研究,1991,7(1)：14-19.
[7]张彤.论流域经济发展[D].四川大学博士论文,2006：14.
[8]吕拉昌.区域开发导论[M].昆明：云南大学出版社,1992：238.
[9]闭明雄.西江流域产业发展研究[D].四川大学硕士论文,2007：5.
[10]余东勤,茹继田.流域经济基本特征的探讨[J].陕西水利水电.1995,11(3)：62-64.
[11]陈湘满.论流域开发管理中的区域利益协调[J].经济地理,2002,22(5)：525-528.
[12]Tesfaye Tafessel.Benefit-Sharing Framework in Transboundary River Basins:The Case of the Eastern Nile Subbasin[G]. International Water Management Institute Conference Papers,2009:232-245.
[13]V.Smakhtin,N.Gamage,L.Bharati.Hydrological and Environmental Issues of Inter-basin Water Transfers in India:A Case Study of the Krishna River Basin[G]. International Water Management Institute Conference Papers,2008:79-106.
[14]Francois Molle,hu Thai Hoanh.Implementing Integrated River Basin Management: Lessons from the Red River Basin, Vietnam[R]. IWMI Research Report 131,2009.
[15]Martin Volk,Jesko Hirschfeld,Alexandra Dehnhardtetal.Integrated ecological-e-conomic modelling of water pollution abatement management options in the Upper Ems River Basin[J]. Ecological Economics,2008,66(1):66-76.
[16]Tingju Zhu, Claudia Ringler. Climate Change Implications for Water Resources in the Limpopo River Basin[G]. IFPRI discussion papers,2010.
[17]Christoph JeBberger,Maximilian Sindram,Markus Zimmer.Global Warming Induced Water-Cycle Changes and Industrial Production - A Scenario Analysis for the Upper Danube River Basin[G]. Ifo Working Paper Series.2010.
[18]张思平.流域经济学[M].武汉：湖北人民出版社,1987.
[19]张文合.国外流域开发问题的探讨[J].开发研究,1992(6)：45-49.
[20]张文合.流域开发论——兼论黄河流域综合开发与治理战略[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1994.
[21]孙孝文.长江流域产业结构分析与思考[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2009,9(4)：41-45.
[22]陈忠升,陈亚宁,陈亚鹏.新疆伊犁河流域产业发展综合评价及优化调整研究[J].新疆农垦经济,2010(4)：32-36.
[23]邓祖涛,陆玉麒,尹贻梅.汉水流域核心——边缘结构的演变[J].地域研究与开发.2006,25(3)：29-33.
[24]胡彬.长江流域板块结构分异的制度成因与区域空间结构的重组[J].中国工业经济.2006.(6)：60-67.
[25]罗君,白永平.嘉陵江流域经济空间分异研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(4)：364-369.
[26]王兵.伊洛河流域农村经济空间分异与可持续发展研究[D].河南大学硕士论文.2004.
[27]袁杭松,陈来.巢湖流域产业结构演化及其生态环境效应[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2010,20(3)：349-352.
[28]张文国,杨志峰,伊锋等.基于水资源可持续利用的流域产业结构分析[J].山地学报,2003,21(2)：187-194.
[29]吕连宏,罗宏,罗柳红.流域环境经济复合系统辨析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2009,20(4)：9-13.
[30]山西水资源信息网[EB/OL]http://www.sxwr.org.cn
[31]W.R.Tobler.On the first law of geography:A reply[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2004,94(2):304-310.
[32]吴拥政.区域经济增长空间关联性的纵向变化与横向差异实证分析——基于省级、地级数据和空间统计Moran's I指数方法[J].经济研究导刊,2010,4：87-89.
[33]Anselin L.Local Indicators of Spatial Association-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[34]Getis A and Ord J K.Local Spatial Statistics:an Overview[A].Spatial Analysis:Modelling in a GIS Environment[C]. John Wiley&Sons,1996,261-277.
[35]胡碧玉.流域经济论[D].四川大学博士论文,2004：186.
[36]简新华.产业经济学[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社.2001：22,60.
[37]何兆凯.山西产业结构的调整与发展趋势分析[D].中北大学硕士论文,2007：26,24.
[38]许明.长三角产业结构趋同化问题的研究[J].现代商业,2008(8)：220-221.
[39]中共山西省第九届委员会.中共山西省委关于制定十二五规划的建议[EB/OL].2010,http://www.xiangfen.gov.cn/news/zwgk/fzgh/2011/1020/11102082612B7 HC064KE3K191K41A38.html
[40]向辉.实施可持续发展战略.十六大辅导读本[M].北京：人民出版社,2003：130.
[41]董国防.右玉县生态旅游资源综合评价及开发对策研究[D].山西大学硕士论文.2011：14.
[42]傅岳瑛,刘琴.我国西部生态旅游的现状和开发建议[J].地理学与国土研究,2002,18(2)：103-106.
[43]马子清.山西省可持续发展战略研究报告[M].北京,科学出版社,2004：71-88.
[2]徐涛涛.河流生态系统与人类经济发展之间的关系[J].中国水运,2006,6(10)：81-82.
[3]Frank Bothmann.Guidebook for Riverside Regeneration[M]. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer,2006:142.
[4]李敏纳.黄河流域经济空间分异研究[D].河南大学博士论文,2009：1,10,37,48,44.
[5]李小建.经济地理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006：15,188-189.
[6]张文合.流域开发综论——兼议我国七大江河流域的战略地位[J].地理学与国土研究,1991,7(1)：14-19.
[7]张彤.论流域经济发展[D].四川大学博士论文,2006：14.
[8]吕拉昌.区域开发导论[M].昆明：云南大学出版社,1992：238.
[9]闭明雄.西江流域产业发展研究[D].四川大学硕士论文,2007：5.
[10]余东勤,茹继田.流域经济基本特征的探讨[J].陕西水利水电.1995,11(3)：62-64.
[11]陈湘满.论流域开发管理中的区域利益协调[J].经济地理,2002,22(5)：525-528.
[12]Tesfaye Tafessel.Benefit-Sharing Framework in Transboundary River Basins:The Case of the Eastern Nile Subbasin[G]. International Water Management Institute Conference Papers,2009:232-245.
[13]V.Smakhtin,N.Gamage,L.Bharati.Hydrological and Environmental Issues of Inter-basin Water Transfers in India:A Case Study of the Krishna River Basin[G]. International Water Management Institute Conference Papers,2008:79-106.
[14]Francois Molle,hu Thai Hoanh.Implementing Integrated River Basin Management: Lessons from the Red River Basin, Vietnam[R]. IWMI Research Report 131,2009.
[15]Martin Volk,Jesko Hirschfeld,Alexandra Dehnhardtetal.Integrated ecological-e-conomic modelling of water pollution abatement management options in the Upper Ems River Basin[J]. Ecological Economics,2008,66(1):66-76.
[16]Tingju Zhu, Claudia Ringler. Climate Change Implications for Water Resources in the Limpopo River Basin[G]. IFPRI discussion papers,2010.
[17]Christoph JeBberger,Maximilian Sindram,Markus Zimmer.Global Warming Induced Water-Cycle Changes and Industrial Production - A Scenario Analysis for the Upper Danube River Basin[G]. Ifo Working Paper Series.2010.
[18]张思平.流域经济学[M].武汉：湖北人民出版社,1987.
[19]张文合.国外流域开发问题的探讨[J].开发研究,1992(6)：45-49.
[20]张文合.流域开发论——兼论黄河流域综合开发与治理战略[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1994.
[21]孙孝文.长江流域产业结构分析与思考[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2009,9(4)：41-45.
[22]陈忠升,陈亚宁,陈亚鹏.新疆伊犁河流域产业发展综合评价及优化调整研究[J].新疆农垦经济,2010(4)：32-36.
[23]邓祖涛,陆玉麒,尹贻梅.汉水流域核心——边缘结构的演变[J].地域研究与开发.2006,25(3)：29-33.
[24]胡彬.长江流域板块结构分异的制度成因与区域空间结构的重组[J].中国工业经济.2006.(6)：60-67.
[25]罗君,白永平.嘉陵江流域经济空间分异研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(4)：364-369.
[26]王兵.伊洛河流域农村经济空间分异与可持续发展研究[D].河南大学硕士论文.2004.
[27]袁杭松,陈来.巢湖流域产业结构演化及其生态环境效应[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2010,20(3)：349-352.
[28]张文国,杨志峰,伊锋等.基于水资源可持续利用的流域产业结构分析[J].山地学报,2003,21(2)：187-194.
[29]吕连宏,罗宏,罗柳红.流域环境经济复合系统辨析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2009,20(4)：9-13.
[30]山西水资源信息网[EB/OL]http://www.sxwr.org.cn
[31]W.R.Tobler.On the first law of geography:A reply[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2004,94(2):304-310.
[32]吴拥政.区域经济增长空间关联性的纵向变化与横向差异实证分析——基于省级、地级数据和空间统计Moran's I指数方法[J].经济研究导刊,2010,4：87-89.
[33]Anselin L.Local Indicators of Spatial Association-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[34]Getis A and Ord J K.Local Spatial Statistics:an Overview[A].Spatial Analysis:Modelling in a GIS Environment[C]. John Wiley&Sons,1996,261-277.
[35]胡碧玉.流域经济论[D].四川大学博士论文,2004：186.
[36]简新华.产业经济学[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社.2001：22,60.
[37]何兆凯.山西产业结构的调整与发展趋势分析[D].中北大学硕士论文,2007：26,24.
[38]许明.长三角产业结构趋同化问题的研究[J].现代商业,2008(8)：220-221.
[39]中共山西省第九届委员会.中共山西省委关于制定十二五规划的建议[EB/OL].2010,http://www.xiangfen.gov.cn/news/zwgk/fzgh/2011/1020/11102082612B7 HC064KE3K191K41A38.html
[40]向辉.实施可持续发展战略.十六大辅导读本[M].北京：人民出版社,2003：130.
[41]董国防.右玉县生态旅游资源综合评价及开发对策研究[D].山西大学硕士论文.2011：14.
[42]傅岳瑛,刘琴.我国西部生态旅游的现状和开发建议[J].地理学与国土研究,2002,18(2)：103-106.
[43]马子清.山西省可持续发展战略研究报告[M].北京,科学出版社,2004：71-88.