循环经济模式的生态工业园区建设与评价研究
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摘要
人类的生存与发展可以看作一个庞大的系统工程,而经济、资源、环境都是这个系统中的子系统,经济发展无时无刻不受到资源与环境的制约。长期以来我国的经济发展以资源消耗为主,特别是那些以粗放经营为主的资源型、工业密集型产业,传统的线性经济发展模式单位产品能耗高、资源消耗大、环境污染严重,进行污染控制和资源管理有很大困难。
以工业生态学为理论基础的生态工业园区,实施循环经济的发展模式,使园区内相关企业通过提高材料和能源的使用效率及废物的再生利用,能够降低园区内企业生产成本、提高企业绩效、提升企业竞争力。通过相互间的废弃物转化为原材料,能显著减少对自然资源的消耗和环境污染,改善生态环境。本文以工业园区发展模式为研究对象,探究我国生态工业园区发展循环经济的系统模式与驱动机理,建立评价指标体系与方法模型,以期为推动我国工业园区产业升级与转变经济增长方式提供有益的参考。
本文主要内容如下:
①在对国内外循环经济理论、能值理论及生态工业园区理论与实践分析的基础上,剖析构建生态工业园区的层次与框架,指出规划生态工业园区的关键是工业生态链的整合;分析生态工业园区运行过程中,技术支持系统、管理模式和政策制定对提高园区的经济和环境效益所起到的重要作用;探讨生态工业园区创建技术支持体系与管理体系的方法,以及如何利用财政税收等手段为园区实施循环经济发展模式提供政策保障。
②以混凝土循环经济生产模式为研究实例,针对企业“产品或废弃物循环利用”、“其他系统产生的副产品(废物)循环利用”和“利用本系统产品生产多元产品”的三种循环经济模式进行能值分析,结果表明该评价方法能够全面度量企业产品生产的三种循环经济模式及其可持续性。
③为了扩展能值分析方法的应用范围,根据能值分析的基本思想,在工业共生能值分析的基础上,首次提出了评价工业共生系统的评价指标:共生能值效益率。通过热电厂与水泥生产企业组成的共生系统的实例分析,验证了本研究所提出的共生能值效益率(SEBR)能够对共生系统的效益率进行有效的分析,并说明了能值分析方法的优势。
④构建生态工业园区的能值评价指标体系,以此来综合反映生态工业园区的生态经济系统的结构、功能与效率,评价园区环境与经济、人与自然的关系。
⑤运用相图法对沈阳经济技术开发区与大连高新技术产业园进行能值分析对比。借助能值相图分析辅助工具,对系统资源能值利用比率和指标之间关系进行分析,不仅能够全面评价现有产业集聚系统的可持续性,还能对系统未来的发展方向进行预测,为发展路径的选择提供了更加明确的方向性指示与参照。
本文的创新点:
①运用能值分析方法评价企业产品生产的三种循环经济模式。
②设计了工业共生能值效率指数——共生能值效益率(SEBR)。
③将能值相图应用于生态工业效率评价,拓展了相图法的应用范围,为生态工业效率评价提供了一个直观表达的研究工具。
Human survival and its development is a huge system, while economy, resources and environment are the major subsystems, and economic development is subject to resource constraints all the time. China's economic development has long been on the traditional base of resource consumption, especially in the case of extensive business-oriented, resource-based, industry-intensive industries. The traditional linear model of economic development is characterized by high energy consumption, extensive resource consumption and serious environmental pollution, making pollution control and resource management difficult.
Eco-industrial park (EIP) established on the basis of industrial ecology operates in the circular economy development model, so that the enterprises in the EIP improve usage efficiency of material and energy and the recycling of waste, reduce the production cost of the EIP, improve enterprise performance, and competitiveness. Through mutually change between waste and raw materials, the enterprises reduce the consumption of natural resources and environmental pollution significantly and improve ecological environment. The study on this mode of industrial parks development is to explore the development of EIP system mode of circular economy and the driving mechanism, establish an evaluation indices system and models of EIP establishment method, in order to provide a useful reference for the circular economy in EIP and for the shift of national economic growth model.
The main content of this dissertation is as follows:
1) On the basis of summary of circular economic theory, emergy theory and the theory and practice of EIP at home and abroad, this dissertation analyzes the level and framework for planning and building EIP, points out that the key is the integration of industrial ecological chain.The dissertation analyzes the important roles played by technical support, management and policy formulation improving the economic and environmental benefits of the park in the EIP operation, discusses the methods of creating technical support and management systems for the EIP, and the ways to use fiscal and tax tools to provide policy support for the implementation of circular economy development model.
2) This dissertation summarizes three types of the enterprises’patterns of production based on recycle economy: products or waste recycling, and other system byproducts (waste) recycling and use of multiple products of this system, and the flow patterns of energy of each model. Then the paper proposes an emergy analysis method for various modes. It is the example of emergy analysis that the production patternls of concrete based on recycle economy. The results show that the emergy evaluation method could fully measure the three recycle economy models of production and the sustainability.
3) In this dissertation, the principles of emergy analysis, a new analysis method on emergy consumption, are introduced. In order to extend the application range, the index is proposed, which is called Symbiotic Emergy Benefit Rate (SEBR). By thermal power plants and cement manufacturers symbiotic system consisting of case study to verify this research, the Symbiotic Emergy Benefit Rate (SEBR) can be used to analyze the effective rate of symbiotic system and explain the advantages of the emergy analysis.
4) This dissertation introduces an EIP emergy evaluation index system to comprehensively reflect the EIPs eco-economic systems’structure, function and efficiency, and evaluate the relationship between environment and the economy, man and nature of the EIPs.
5) Emergetie ternary diagram analysis was used herein to analyze two industrial agglomeration systems in Liaoning Province of Northeast China and compare resource use, eco-efficiency and sustainability, and predict and select development path for the future. The results of the analysis demonstrated ternary diagrams are used as a tool to compare and evaluate the improvement of the two industrial agglomeration systems, and then the development path is predicted and selected. The emergetie ternary diagram is a versatile and adaptable tool for emergy analysis.
The innovations of this dissertation:
1) Use of emergy analysis method to evaluate the three Enterprise Product recycling economic models.
2) Design of the Emergy Efficiency Index of Industrial Symbiosis - Symbiosis Emergy efficiency ratio (SEBR).
3) The value of the phase diagram are used in the evaluation of eco-industrial efficiency to expand the application scope of phase diagram method and provide a visual expression of tool for the evaluation of eco-industrial efficiency.
以工业生态学为理论基础的生态工业园区,实施循环经济的发展模式,使园区内相关企业通过提高材料和能源的使用效率及废物的再生利用,能够降低园区内企业生产成本、提高企业绩效、提升企业竞争力。通过相互间的废弃物转化为原材料,能显著减少对自然资源的消耗和环境污染,改善生态环境。本文以工业园区发展模式为研究对象,探究我国生态工业园区发展循环经济的系统模式与驱动机理,建立评价指标体系与方法模型,以期为推动我国工业园区产业升级与转变经济增长方式提供有益的参考。
本文主要内容如下:
①在对国内外循环经济理论、能值理论及生态工业园区理论与实践分析的基础上,剖析构建生态工业园区的层次与框架,指出规划生态工业园区的关键是工业生态链的整合;分析生态工业园区运行过程中,技术支持系统、管理模式和政策制定对提高园区的经济和环境效益所起到的重要作用;探讨生态工业园区创建技术支持体系与管理体系的方法,以及如何利用财政税收等手段为园区实施循环经济发展模式提供政策保障。
②以混凝土循环经济生产模式为研究实例,针对企业“产品或废弃物循环利用”、“其他系统产生的副产品(废物)循环利用”和“利用本系统产品生产多元产品”的三种循环经济模式进行能值分析,结果表明该评价方法能够全面度量企业产品生产的三种循环经济模式及其可持续性。
③为了扩展能值分析方法的应用范围,根据能值分析的基本思想,在工业共生能值分析的基础上,首次提出了评价工业共生系统的评价指标:共生能值效益率。通过热电厂与水泥生产企业组成的共生系统的实例分析,验证了本研究所提出的共生能值效益率(SEBR)能够对共生系统的效益率进行有效的分析,并说明了能值分析方法的优势。
④构建生态工业园区的能值评价指标体系,以此来综合反映生态工业园区的生态经济系统的结构、功能与效率,评价园区环境与经济、人与自然的关系。
⑤运用相图法对沈阳经济技术开发区与大连高新技术产业园进行能值分析对比。借助能值相图分析辅助工具,对系统资源能值利用比率和指标之间关系进行分析,不仅能够全面评价现有产业集聚系统的可持续性,还能对系统未来的发展方向进行预测,为发展路径的选择提供了更加明确的方向性指示与参照。
本文的创新点:
①运用能值分析方法评价企业产品生产的三种循环经济模式。
②设计了工业共生能值效率指数——共生能值效益率(SEBR)。
③将能值相图应用于生态工业效率评价,拓展了相图法的应用范围,为生态工业效率评价提供了一个直观表达的研究工具。
Human survival and its development is a huge system, while economy, resources and environment are the major subsystems, and economic development is subject to resource constraints all the time. China's economic development has long been on the traditional base of resource consumption, especially in the case of extensive business-oriented, resource-based, industry-intensive industries. The traditional linear model of economic development is characterized by high energy consumption, extensive resource consumption and serious environmental pollution, making pollution control and resource management difficult.
Eco-industrial park (EIP) established on the basis of industrial ecology operates in the circular economy development model, so that the enterprises in the EIP improve usage efficiency of material and energy and the recycling of waste, reduce the production cost of the EIP, improve enterprise performance, and competitiveness. Through mutually change between waste and raw materials, the enterprises reduce the consumption of natural resources and environmental pollution significantly and improve ecological environment. The study on this mode of industrial parks development is to explore the development of EIP system mode of circular economy and the driving mechanism, establish an evaluation indices system and models of EIP establishment method, in order to provide a useful reference for the circular economy in EIP and for the shift of national economic growth model.
The main content of this dissertation is as follows:
1) On the basis of summary of circular economic theory, emergy theory and the theory and practice of EIP at home and abroad, this dissertation analyzes the level and framework for planning and building EIP, points out that the key is the integration of industrial ecological chain.The dissertation analyzes the important roles played by technical support, management and policy formulation improving the economic and environmental benefits of the park in the EIP operation, discusses the methods of creating technical support and management systems for the EIP, and the ways to use fiscal and tax tools to provide policy support for the implementation of circular economy development model.
2) This dissertation summarizes three types of the enterprises’patterns of production based on recycle economy: products or waste recycling, and other system byproducts (waste) recycling and use of multiple products of this system, and the flow patterns of energy of each model. Then the paper proposes an emergy analysis method for various modes. It is the example of emergy analysis that the production patternls of concrete based on recycle economy. The results show that the emergy evaluation method could fully measure the three recycle economy models of production and the sustainability.
3) In this dissertation, the principles of emergy analysis, a new analysis method on emergy consumption, are introduced. In order to extend the application range, the index is proposed, which is called Symbiotic Emergy Benefit Rate (SEBR). By thermal power plants and cement manufacturers symbiotic system consisting of case study to verify this research, the Symbiotic Emergy Benefit Rate (SEBR) can be used to analyze the effective rate of symbiotic system and explain the advantages of the emergy analysis.
4) This dissertation introduces an EIP emergy evaluation index system to comprehensively reflect the EIPs eco-economic systems’structure, function and efficiency, and evaluate the relationship between environment and the economy, man and nature of the EIPs.
5) Emergetie ternary diagram analysis was used herein to analyze two industrial agglomeration systems in Liaoning Province of Northeast China and compare resource use, eco-efficiency and sustainability, and predict and select development path for the future. The results of the analysis demonstrated ternary diagrams are used as a tool to compare and evaluate the improvement of the two industrial agglomeration systems, and then the development path is predicted and selected. The emergetie ternary diagram is a versatile and adaptable tool for emergy analysis.
The innovations of this dissertation:
1) Use of emergy analysis method to evaluate the three Enterprise Product recycling economic models.
2) Design of the Emergy Efficiency Index of Industrial Symbiosis - Symbiosis Emergy efficiency ratio (SEBR).
3) The value of the phase diagram are used in the evaluation of eco-industrial efficiency to expand the application scope of phase diagram method and provide a visual expression of tool for the evaluation of eco-industrial efficiency.
引文
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