三模重叠双间隙耦合腔型输出回路的研究
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摘要
宽频带、高功率、高效率是速调管放大器发展的趋势。随着速调管在宽频带雷达上的广泛应用，它的瞬时带宽要求越来越高，研制超宽频带速调管的任务越来越迫切。速调管输出回路是进行能量输出的部件，与速调管的带宽、效率有着极其密切的关系，它的频带特性决定了速调管的频带特性。因此很有必要研究超宽带速调管输出回路。本论文就是研究采用三模重叠双间隙耦合腔来展宽输出回路频带。本论文基于三维计算的场分析法，采用软件模拟计算以及与等效电路法对比的方法对三模重叠双间隙耦合腔型输出回路做了较为详细的研究。应用数值模拟方法计算了这种输出回路的间隙阻抗特性，并分析了一些输出回路结构参数对谐振腔谐振频率和间隙阻抗特性的影响。该项研究对研制超宽频带速调管输出回路，是有指导意义的。
本论文的主要工作如下：
一、采用等效电路法进一步分析了双间隙耦合腔的模式重叠理论，说明了实现三模重叠的可能性；结合传输线理论，以中心频率为3GHz的输出回路为例，计算了三模重叠双间隙耦合腔型输出回路的间隙阻抗特性，3dB带宽达480MHz；而加载滤波器的输出回路1dB带宽达570MHz，相对带宽达19％。
二、在基于有限积分法(FIT)数值计算软件CSTMWS环境下，以一个中心频率f_0=3GHz，带宽Δf=450MHz的三模重叠双间隙耦合腔型输出回路为例，详细说明了这种输出回路设计计算的过程，在实际结构和尺寸的基础上，验证了这种输出回路的宽频特性，为冷测加工提供了尺寸参考，并为后期尺寸调整指明了方向，这是本文的主要创新点。
The trend of development for klystron amplifer is broad bandwidth, highpower and high efficiency. As the wide application in radar, require of instantaneousbandwidth of klystron is becoming stricter. The output circuit of klystron, which hassomething to do with the bandwidth and efficiency of klystron, is the core in theenergy output part, and its bandwidth determines the bandwidth of whole klystron.So it is necessary to research output circuit of hyper-broad bandwidth klystron. Inthis dissertation, how to enhance output bandwidth using three-mode overlappedtwo-gap cavity is researched. Based on 3-D field analysis method, three-modeoverlapped two-gap coupled cavity type output circuit is researched in detail bynumerical software simulation and equivalent circuit method. The gap impedancecharacter of this kind of output circuit is simulated numerically, and the effects ofstructure parameters on resonant frequency and gap impedance character areanalyzed. This simulation and research is significative for manufacture ofhyper-broad bandwidth klystron. The main achievements of this dissertation can beconcluded as follow:
1. The theory of overlapped mode is analyzed further via equivalent circuitmethod. Possibility of overlapped three-mode is illuminated. Taken 3GHz forinstance, the gap impedance character of three-mode overlapped two-gap coupledcavity type output circuit is calculated combined with the theory of translation line.It is indicated that, 3dB bandwidth reaches 480MHz, while 1 dB bandwidth reaches 570MHz loaded by filter.
2. In the platform of software package CST MWS, which is based on FiniteIntegration Method, taken center frequency f_0=3GHz bandwidthΔf=450MHzas example, 3D models for calculation are set up, and steps on how to design thiskind of output circuit are particularized; parameters of structure are given out. Thehyper-broad bandwidth of this kind of output circuit is proved, and the initial size ofcold test manufacture and direction for adjustment are provided, which are the maininnovate points in this dissertation.
本论文的主要工作如下：
一、采用等效电路法进一步分析了双间隙耦合腔的模式重叠理论，说明了实现三模重叠的可能性；结合传输线理论，以中心频率为3GHz的输出回路为例，计算了三模重叠双间隙耦合腔型输出回路的间隙阻抗特性，3dB带宽达480MHz；而加载滤波器的输出回路1dB带宽达570MHz，相对带宽达19％。
二、在基于有限积分法(FIT)数值计算软件CSTMWS环境下，以一个中心频率f_0=3GHz，带宽Δf=450MHz的三模重叠双间隙耦合腔型输出回路为例，详细说明了这种输出回路设计计算的过程，在实际结构和尺寸的基础上，验证了这种输出回路的宽频特性，为冷测加工提供了尺寸参考，并为后期尺寸调整指明了方向，这是本文的主要创新点。
The trend of development for klystron amplifer is broad bandwidth, highpower and high efficiency. As the wide application in radar, require of instantaneousbandwidth of klystron is becoming stricter. The output circuit of klystron, which hassomething to do with the bandwidth and efficiency of klystron, is the core in theenergy output part, and its bandwidth determines the bandwidth of whole klystron.So it is necessary to research output circuit of hyper-broad bandwidth klystron. Inthis dissertation, how to enhance output bandwidth using three-mode overlappedtwo-gap cavity is researched. Based on 3-D field analysis method, three-modeoverlapped two-gap coupled cavity type output circuit is researched in detail bynumerical software simulation and equivalent circuit method. The gap impedancecharacter of this kind of output circuit is simulated numerically, and the effects ofstructure parameters on resonant frequency and gap impedance character areanalyzed. This simulation and research is significative for manufacture ofhyper-broad bandwidth klystron. The main achievements of this dissertation can beconcluded as follow:
1. The theory of overlapped mode is analyzed further via equivalent circuitmethod. Possibility of overlapped three-mode is illuminated. Taken 3GHz forinstance, the gap impedance character of three-mode overlapped two-gap coupledcavity type output circuit is calculated combined with the theory of translation line.It is indicated that, 3dB bandwidth reaches 480MHz, while 1 dB bandwidth reaches 570MHz loaded by filter.
2. In the platform of software package CST MWS, which is based on FiniteIntegration Method, taken center frequency f_0=3GHz bandwidthΔf=450MHzas example, 3D models for calculation are set up, and steps on how to design thiskind of output circuit are particularized; parameters of structure are given out. Thehyper-broad bandwidth of this kind of output circuit is proved, and the initial size ofcold test manufacture and direction for adjustment are provided, which are the maininnovate points in this dissertation.
引文
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[1] 王进华，丁耀根，沈斌．用场分析法求解速调管输出回路特性参数．强激光与粒子束，2005，17(6)p：893-896．
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[11] 林福民，王志勇，黄焕辉．反射系数相位法计算谐振腔外观品质因数的局限性，强激光与粒子束，2005，17(9)：1399-1404．