宽带多注速调管的计算机模拟研究
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摘要
本论文对宽带多注速调管进行了一系列计算机模拟研究。主要包括工作在π模的矩形同轴腔模拟计算;L波段连续波宽带多注速调管电子光学系统和高频互作用系统的模拟计算和优化;L波段多注速调管输出腔和收集极的热分析和冷却系统的优化;并研究了采用软件模拟速调管时,多电子注特性对多注速调管输出性能模拟结果的影响。
用三维电磁场计算软件ISFEL3D计算了1/2波长和1/4波长矩形同轴腔,给出了同轴腔结构,工作模式的场分布和特性阻抗值等谐振腔参数,并与双间隙耦合圆柱谐振腔进行了比较。结果表明,1/2波长矩形同轴腔与普通双间隙耦合腔相比,特性阻抗基本相同,体积和重量小,可以在低频段多注速调管中使用。
用1维和2.5维速调管模拟软件对L波段连续波宽带多注速调管的电子光学系统和高频互作用系统进行了计算机模拟和优化。得到了电子光学系统和高频互作用系统的优化方案。
建立了宽带多注速调管输出腔和收集极比较精确的热分析和冷却系统优化方法。利用现有软件,实现了对多注速调管输出腔和收集极的比较精确的热分析,并提出了冷却系统优化方案,并对多电子注在多注速调管输出腔漂移管和收集极的发散情况进行了研究。
初步研究了多电子注特性对多注速调管性能影响。研究了多注速调管不同层电子注之间场分布差异对速调管输出特性的影响,并对多注速调管谐振腔间隙处电子注的相互作用进行了一些初步的研究工作。
Some research on computer simulations of the broadband Multi-Beam Klystron (MBK) has been carried out in this thesis. It includes calculations of π mode rectangular coaxial cavities, simulations and optimizations of electron optical system and beam-wave interaction system of the L band continuous wave broadband MBK, thermal analysis and optimizations of the drift tubes of the output cavity and collector of the L band broadband MBK, and some primary research about the multi-beam's characteristic which influences on the performance of the MBK.The three dimensional electromagnetic code of ISFEL3D is used to calculate the half wavelength and quarter wavelength rectangular coaxial cavities. The structures, The EM field distribution and characteristic impedance of operating modes for different cavity structures have been obtained. Also the rectangular coaxial cavities are compared with the double-gap coupled cavities. The results show that the half wavelength rectangular coaxial cavity has similar characteristics of the double-gap coupled cavity with small volume and weight. It can be used in low frequency band MBK.The one dimensional and 2.5 dimensional computer codes for klystrons are used to simulate and optimized the electron optical system and beam-wave interaction system of the L band broadband continuous wave MBK. The optimal design parameters are obtained.A method of thermal analysis and optimization of cooling system of the transfer tube of output cavity and the collector of MBK has been founded. Now it's possible to make more exactly thermal analysis of the output cavity and the collector by existing codes. Some methods of optimization of cooling systems to reduce the highest temperature in the systems have also been proposed.Influence of the multi-beam characteristic on performance of MBK has been researched. The field difference in cavity gap of MBK will influence the output performance. The interaction of multiple beams in cavity gap also been analyzed.
用三维电磁场计算软件ISFEL3D计算了1/2波长和1/4波长矩形同轴腔,给出了同轴腔结构,工作模式的场分布和特性阻抗值等谐振腔参数,并与双间隙耦合圆柱谐振腔进行了比较。结果表明,1/2波长矩形同轴腔与普通双间隙耦合腔相比,特性阻抗基本相同,体积和重量小,可以在低频段多注速调管中使用。
用1维和2.5维速调管模拟软件对L波段连续波宽带多注速调管的电子光学系统和高频互作用系统进行了计算机模拟和优化。得到了电子光学系统和高频互作用系统的优化方案。
建立了宽带多注速调管输出腔和收集极比较精确的热分析和冷却系统优化方法。利用现有软件,实现了对多注速调管输出腔和收集极的比较精确的热分析,并提出了冷却系统优化方案,并对多电子注在多注速调管输出腔漂移管和收集极的发散情况进行了研究。
初步研究了多电子注特性对多注速调管性能影响。研究了多注速调管不同层电子注之间场分布差异对速调管输出特性的影响,并对多注速调管谐振腔间隙处电子注的相互作用进行了一些初步的研究工作。
Some research on computer simulations of the broadband Multi-Beam Klystron (MBK) has been carried out in this thesis. It includes calculations of π mode rectangular coaxial cavities, simulations and optimizations of electron optical system and beam-wave interaction system of the L band continuous wave broadband MBK, thermal analysis and optimizations of the drift tubes of the output cavity and collector of the L band broadband MBK, and some primary research about the multi-beam's characteristic which influences on the performance of the MBK.The three dimensional electromagnetic code of ISFEL3D is used to calculate the half wavelength and quarter wavelength rectangular coaxial cavities. The structures, The EM field distribution and characteristic impedance of operating modes for different cavity structures have been obtained. Also the rectangular coaxial cavities are compared with the double-gap coupled cavities. The results show that the half wavelength rectangular coaxial cavity has similar characteristics of the double-gap coupled cavity with small volume and weight. It can be used in low frequency band MBK.The one dimensional and 2.5 dimensional computer codes for klystrons are used to simulate and optimized the electron optical system and beam-wave interaction system of the L band broadband continuous wave MBK. The optimal design parameters are obtained.A method of thermal analysis and optimization of cooling system of the transfer tube of output cavity and the collector of MBK has been founded. Now it's possible to make more exactly thermal analysis of the output cavity and the collector by existing codes. Some methods of optimization of cooling systems to reduce the highest temperature in the systems have also been proposed.Influence of the multi-beam characteristic on performance of MBK has been researched. The field difference in cavity gap of MBK will influence the output performance. The interaction of multiple beams in cavity gap also been analyzed.
引文
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[3] M. Chodorow et al. Design and Performance of a High Power Pulsed Klystron. Proc. Inst. Radio. Engrs. 41, 1953, Vol. 41: 1584-1602.
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[6] L F Broadway, et al. Velocity Modulation Valves. JIEE Vol. 93, IIIA, 885, 1946.
[7] Chalk G O, et al. A 5-cavity X-band Klystron Amplifier. J. Electronics, 1956, 2(1): 50.
[8] P G R King. A 5%-bandwidth 2.5MW S-band Klystron. PIEE, 105(B) Suppl. No.12, 813, May 1958.
[9] L D Clough et al. A High Effeciency 15MW 400MC/S Pulsed Kulsed Klystron. J. Ele. & Contr.12, 2, 105, 1962.
[10] M R Boyd, et al. The Multiple-beam Klystron. IRE Trans. on ED, 1962, ED-9(3): 247-252.
[11] H Golde. A Traveling-wave Description of Distributed Interaction Klystrons. IRE Trans. on ED, 1962, ED-9(1): 57.
[12] D H preist. Experiments with High-power CW Klystron using Extended Interaction Catchers. IEEE Trans. on ED, 1963, ED-10(3): 201.
[13] 谢家麟,赵永祥.速调管群聚理论.北京:科学出版社,1966年第1版,第五章。
[14] 丁耀根,彭均.多注速调管——一种新型大功率微波放大器.电子科学学刊,1996,18(1):64-71。
[15] Kovalenko V F. Auther's Certificate, No. 72756, Class21, 13, Applied on Dec. 31, 1940, No. 304035, USSR.
[16] Bernier J. Brevet CSF No.952853, Patent of Thomason CSF, France, September 15, 1944.
[17] Boyd M R, et al. Multiple-Beam Klystron. IRE Trans. on ED, 1962, ED-9(3): 247-252.
[18] Pohl W J, et al. The Design and demonstration of a Wide Band Multiple Beam Travelling-Wave Klystron. IRE Trans. on ED, 1965, ED-12(6): 351-368.
[19] Branch G M, et al. AD 807515/2, AD 812190/7, AD 815777/8, Sept. 1966-March. 1967.
[20] E. A. Gelvich, E. V. Zhery, et al. A New Generation of Power Klystrons on the Base of Multiple-Beam Design. IEEE MTT-S, Digest, 1991: 1319-1329.
[21] Edward A. Gelvich, Ludvik M. Borisov, et al. the New Generation of High-Power Multiple-Beam Klystrons. IEEE Trans. on MTT, 1993, 41(1): 15-19.
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