速调管一维大信号计算程序的研究
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摘要
本硕士论文对速调管一维圆盘模型进行了深入研究。采用修正的谐振腔间隙电场，改进了一维大信号计算程序。改进的计算中，采用由腔结构决定的数值场作为间隙场，克服了传统算法模型比较粗糙、与腔结构相关性小以及与实际相差较大的缺点。
传统算法中，间隙场分布采具有指数衰减的分析函数，该函数给出的场分布对不同的谐振腔形状近似不同。本文中，采用俄罗斯圆柱形谐振腔软件AZIMUTH，计算出速调管间隙场的数值分布。将得到的数值分布采用加权平均法，得到一个新的分布。与分析函数相比，该分布根据不同谐振腔不同的形状，给出了间隙场径向和轴向上的差异，大大的提高了计算的准确性，特别是对于间隙比较窄，电子注半径比较大的管子来说，是非常有意义的。
为了把离散的间隙场带入时间步积分程序，本文采用了牛顿插值法对离散分布进行了插值。相对于拉格朗日插值法，该方法计算速度比较快，截断误差很小，能够减少耗时，保证精度。
在Microsoft Developer Studio Fortran 9.0软件工作平台上，改进了电子所原有的kly6计算程序，添加了间隙场读入模块、间隙场插值模块和处理模块等。
以S波段和C波段大功率速调管为例，用分析场和数值场分别带入圆盘模型，对运动过程和输出能量进行了分析。结果表明，同条件下，数值场计算得到的群聚状况和输出功率更接近于实际情况。
The dissertation expounds thoroughly the one-dimension disk model of klystron. To improve the programme based on the disk model, a modified gap-field distribution is studied. The disadvantages of the original gap filed, such as coarseness, little correspondence with the structure of the cavity and so on, are successfully shun.
In the classical model, analytic function, which has the character of index reduce, is taken as the gap field distribution. In this paper, AZIMUTH, which designed for the evaluation of eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors in cylindrically symmetric cavities of essentially arbitrary shapes, is used to calculate the numerical value of the filed distribution. A new method called weighted mean is adopted to deal with the data. Compared with analytic function, numerical data results a more precise distributing, especially for the klystrons which have narrow gaps and big size beams. In addition, The mathematical basis of AZIMUTH is a finite-difference method on squares, which results that the gap field distributing is closely correlated to cavity structure.
In this paper, Newton interpolate is adopt so hat the disperse numerical data can be applied on the time integral programme. Compared with Lagrange which is hackneyed for us, Newton has the character of shot time, little truncation error and little EMS memory bestow.
On the platform of Microsoft Developer Studio Fortran 9.0, some modules of the gap field are added to KLY6, which is in common use at primary stage of klystron design in IECAS, just like, data reading module, interpolate module, dispose module and so on.
At last, examples of an S-band and a C band klystrons is calculated by disk model under field distributing of analytic value and numerical data, and the motion and output energy are also analyzed. Research has revealed that the model which uses numerical value is more precise.
传统算法中，间隙场分布采具有指数衰减的分析函数，该函数给出的场分布对不同的谐振腔形状近似不同。本文中，采用俄罗斯圆柱形谐振腔软件AZIMUTH，计算出速调管间隙场的数值分布。将得到的数值分布采用加权平均法，得到一个新的分布。与分析函数相比，该分布根据不同谐振腔不同的形状，给出了间隙场径向和轴向上的差异，大大的提高了计算的准确性，特别是对于间隙比较窄，电子注半径比较大的管子来说，是非常有意义的。
为了把离散的间隙场带入时间步积分程序，本文采用了牛顿插值法对离散分布进行了插值。相对于拉格朗日插值法，该方法计算速度比较快，截断误差很小，能够减少耗时，保证精度。
在Microsoft Developer Studio Fortran 9.0软件工作平台上，改进了电子所原有的kly6计算程序，添加了间隙场读入模块、间隙场插值模块和处理模块等。
以S波段和C波段大功率速调管为例，用分析场和数值场分别带入圆盘模型，对运动过程和输出能量进行了分析。结果表明，同条件下，数值场计算得到的群聚状况和输出功率更接近于实际情况。
The dissertation expounds thoroughly the one-dimension disk model of klystron. To improve the programme based on the disk model, a modified gap-field distribution is studied. The disadvantages of the original gap filed, such as coarseness, little correspondence with the structure of the cavity and so on, are successfully shun.
In the classical model, analytic function, which has the character of index reduce, is taken as the gap field distribution. In this paper, AZIMUTH, which designed for the evaluation of eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors in cylindrically symmetric cavities of essentially arbitrary shapes, is used to calculate the numerical value of the filed distribution. A new method called weighted mean is adopted to deal with the data. Compared with analytic function, numerical data results a more precise distributing, especially for the klystrons which have narrow gaps and big size beams. In addition, The mathematical basis of AZIMUTH is a finite-difference method on squares, which results that the gap field distributing is closely correlated to cavity structure.
In this paper, Newton interpolate is adopt so hat the disperse numerical data can be applied on the time integral programme. Compared with Lagrange which is hackneyed for us, Newton has the character of shot time, little truncation error and little EMS memory bestow.
On the platform of Microsoft Developer Studio Fortran 9.0, some modules of the gap field are added to KLY6, which is in common use at primary stage of klystron design in IECAS, just like, data reading module, interpolate module, dispose module and so on.
At last, examples of an S-band and a C band klystrons is calculated by disk model under field distributing of analytic value and numerical data, and the motion and output energy are also analyzed. Research has revealed that the model which uses numerical value is more precise.
引文
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[8] 肖湘惠．大功率速调管的2.5维计算机优化设计．中科院电子所硕士论文．1999．
[9] Hiroshi Yonezawa, Yukio Okazaki. A One-Dimensional Disk Model Simulation for Klystron Design. SLAC-TN-84-5.
[10] 丁耀根．宽带速调管输出段的时间积分程序．电子科学学刊．1983年7月，第四期，第五卷．
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[4] 戴嘉尊，邱建贤．微分方程数值解法．南京：东南大学出版社．2002年第1版．第一章．
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[18]CST Company. MAFIA Release 4.0 Macro Help. Sep 2000
[1] 杨祥林、徐淦卿、韦钰编，微波电子管原理，北京，国防工业出版社，1980，上册
[2] 谢家麟、赵永翔，速调管群聚理论，北京，科学出版社，1966
[3] E. L Lien, High Efficiency Klystron Amplifiers, in Conv. Rec. MOGA 70(8th Int. Conf. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Sept. 1970)
[4]] S. E. Webber, Ballistic Analysis of a Two-Cavity Finite Beam Klystron, IRE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol.5, April 1958, p98
[5] S. E. Webber, Large Signal Analysis of the Multicavity Klystron, IRE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol.5, October 1958, p306
[6] B. E. Carlsten, A Self-consistent NUmerical Analysis of Klystrons Using Large-signal Beam-wave Interaction Simulations, Stanford University Ph.D, thesis, 1985
[7] P. J. Tallerico and B. E. Carlsten, Computer Modeling of the Klystron, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol.30, No.4, August 1983, p2170
[8] 肖湘惠．大功率速调管的2.5维计算机优化设计．中科院电子所硕士论文．1999．
[9] Hiroshi Yonezawa, Yukio Okazaki. A One-Dimensional Disk Model Simulation for Klystron Design. SLAC-TN-84-5.
[10] 丁耀根．宽带速调管输出段的时间积分程序．电子科学学刊．1983年7月，第四期，第五卷．
[11] J.R.Rowe, Nonlinear Electron-Wave Interaction Phenomena, Academic Press,N.Y.1965. Chapter V.
[1] 谢家麟，赵永翔．速调管群聚理论．北京：科学出版社，1966年第1版，第五章．
[2] 杨祥林，张兆镗，张祖舜．微波器件原理．北京：电子工业出版社，1994年第1版：第二章．
[3] 李庆扬，王能超，易大义．数值分析．武汉：华中科技大学出版社．1986年第3版．第二章．
[4] 戴嘉尊，邱建贤．微分方程数值解法．南京：东南大学出版社．2002年第1版．第一章．
[1] 丁耀根，彭均．多注速调管——一种新型大功率微波放大器．电子科学学刊，1996，18(1)：64-71．
[2] 谢家麟，赵永翔．速调管群聚理论．北京：科学出版社，1966年第1版．
[3] Rodyakin V E, Sandalov A N. Arsenal-MSU Computer Code User Manual. 1997.