GH36合金钢高温蠕变可靠性研究
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摘要
随着科技的发展,现在的工程结构和机械装备的工作环境都发生了很大的改变,不单仅仅是在交变载荷下工作,而且需要在高温情况下工作。很多情况下,工程结构和机械装备在高温蠕变和疲劳的作用下,材料损伤产生裂纹并不断扩展,最后引起泄露或爆炸,导致重大经济损失和人员伤亡等。所以研究材料的高温蠕变可靠性对结构的安全评估具有重要的意义。
本文对高温合金钢GH36钢进行高温持久强度断裂试验研究,得出三个厂家生产的GH36钢高温持久强度断裂时间数据。然后将这些分散的数据看成是随机变量,利用数理统计的方法来处理这些数据。本文探讨的主要内容如下：
首先,对高温蠕变实验发展做了简要的叙述,然后对蠕变试验机的特点和工作原理作了阐述,并根据要求选择合适的实验机和试验件
其次,选用了可靠性设计中常用统计分布函数的MATLAB程序,其中包含了正态分布、对数正态分布、威布尔三参数、二参数分布函数的分布特性研究、参数估计及分布拟合检验,并绘制出分布函数的线性回归图,使复杂的统计分析过程简单化。
再次,利用MATLAB程序,对得到的GH36高温合金钢的高温持久强度断裂时间数据分布进行正态分布、对数正态分布、威布尔三参数、二参数分布函数的分布特性研究、参数估计及分布拟合检验,并得出各组数据的最佳分布类型。
最后,是在得出每组数据最佳的分布类型上进行具有一定置信度水平的置信度区间的研究和对比分析研究,得到三个厂家生产的GH36钢高温持久强度断裂时间的置信区间；通过F检验和t检验的对比分析,认为齐钢生产的GH36钢高温蠕变数据的分散性均显著地大于43厂和二重生产的；认为二重生产的GH36钢高温蠕变和于43厂的方差无显著性差异,但二重生产的均值大于43厂的。
With the development of science and technology, now the working environment of engineering structure and mechanical equipment have changed a lot,which is not only worked in alternating load, but also need to work under high temperature conditions. In many cases, when the engineering structure and mechanical equipment experiene high temperature creep and fatigue, Crack propagation is influeneed by material damage, causing leaking out or explosion.All thesestatus will lead to eeonomie losses and people casualty. So we study the material high-temperature creep reliability, it has a important significance when it is used to evaluate the safety of the structure.
This paper described research that high temperature alloy steel GH36 has been tested on high temperature enduring strength and fracture experiments, and draw three factories GH36 steel high temperature enduring strength and fracture time data. And then these randomly distributed material properties of the measured datas are regard as random variables, mathematical statistical methods are used to deal with it. This paper are mainly researched on items listed below:
First of all, there is a brief narration about the development of high-temperature creep experiments, and then creep test enginery characteristics and working principle are discussed, and according to the requirements of appropriate testing machine and test pieces.
Secondly, the distribution characteristics, parameters estimation and hypothesis testing of the commonly used statistical distribution functions, which includes the normal distribution, lognormal distribution, the two-parameter and three-parameter Weibull are program by MATLAB, and the corresponding linear regression are charted.
Thirdly, To handle the time data of GH36 steel high temperature enduring strength and fracture with the distribution characteristics, parameters estimation and hypothesis testing of the commonly used statistical distribution functions, which includes the normal distribution, lognormal distribution, the two-parameter and three-parameter Weibull are program by MATLAB, and draw the best distribution types of each data.
Finally, in order to get to meet the credibility of the results of statistical analysis based on the best distribution types of each data, and draw the three factories confidence interval of high temperature enduring strength and fracture, and through the F inspection and t-test contrast analysis we can known that, the dispersion of GH36 steel high-temperature creep data of QiGang production is big than others, and there is no significant difference between erchong and 43chang about theirvariance, but erchong's mean larger.
本文对高温合金钢GH36钢进行高温持久强度断裂试验研究,得出三个厂家生产的GH36钢高温持久强度断裂时间数据。然后将这些分散的数据看成是随机变量,利用数理统计的方法来处理这些数据。本文探讨的主要内容如下：
首先,对高温蠕变实验发展做了简要的叙述,然后对蠕变试验机的特点和工作原理作了阐述,并根据要求选择合适的实验机和试验件
其次,选用了可靠性设计中常用统计分布函数的MATLAB程序,其中包含了正态分布、对数正态分布、威布尔三参数、二参数分布函数的分布特性研究、参数估计及分布拟合检验,并绘制出分布函数的线性回归图,使复杂的统计分析过程简单化。
再次,利用MATLAB程序,对得到的GH36高温合金钢的高温持久强度断裂时间数据分布进行正态分布、对数正态分布、威布尔三参数、二参数分布函数的分布特性研究、参数估计及分布拟合检验,并得出各组数据的最佳分布类型。
最后,是在得出每组数据最佳的分布类型上进行具有一定置信度水平的置信度区间的研究和对比分析研究,得到三个厂家生产的GH36钢高温持久强度断裂时间的置信区间；通过F检验和t检验的对比分析,认为齐钢生产的GH36钢高温蠕变数据的分散性均显著地大于43厂和二重生产的；认为二重生产的GH36钢高温蠕变和于43厂的方差无显著性差异,但二重生产的均值大于43厂的。
With the development of science and technology, now the working environment of engineering structure and mechanical equipment have changed a lot,which is not only worked in alternating load, but also need to work under high temperature conditions. In many cases, when the engineering structure and mechanical equipment experiene high temperature creep and fatigue, Crack propagation is influeneed by material damage, causing leaking out or explosion.All thesestatus will lead to eeonomie losses and people casualty. So we study the material high-temperature creep reliability, it has a important significance when it is used to evaluate the safety of the structure.
This paper described research that high temperature alloy steel GH36 has been tested on high temperature enduring strength and fracture experiments, and draw three factories GH36 steel high temperature enduring strength and fracture time data. And then these randomly distributed material properties of the measured datas are regard as random variables, mathematical statistical methods are used to deal with it. This paper are mainly researched on items listed below:
First of all, there is a brief narration about the development of high-temperature creep experiments, and then creep test enginery characteristics and working principle are discussed, and according to the requirements of appropriate testing machine and test pieces.
Secondly, the distribution characteristics, parameters estimation and hypothesis testing of the commonly used statistical distribution functions, which includes the normal distribution, lognormal distribution, the two-parameter and three-parameter Weibull are program by MATLAB, and the corresponding linear regression are charted.
Thirdly, To handle the time data of GH36 steel high temperature enduring strength and fracture with the distribution characteristics, parameters estimation and hypothesis testing of the commonly used statistical distribution functions, which includes the normal distribution, lognormal distribution, the two-parameter and three-parameter Weibull are program by MATLAB, and draw the best distribution types of each data.
Finally, in order to get to meet the credibility of the results of statistical analysis based on the best distribution types of each data, and draw the three factories confidence interval of high temperature enduring strength and fracture, and through the F inspection and t-test contrast analysis we can known that, the dispersion of GH36 steel high-temperature creep data of QiGang production is big than others, and there is no significant difference between erchong and 43chang about theirvariance, but erchong's mean larger.
引文
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[2]四川五局《金属材料机械性能试验》编写组.金属材料机械性能试验.北京：国防工业出版社,1983.
[3]陆晓燕.316L钢高温疲劳蠕变共同作用下裂纹扩展速率研究[D],浙江工业大学,2007
[4]穆霞英.蠕变力学[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1990
[5]陈峰.甲醇蒸汽转化炉炉管损伤分析及修复[J].理化检验：物理分册,2002,38(5)：211-213,216
[6]谭彦显,吴瑞祥.锅炉管爆裂失效的分析研究[J].湖南冶金,2001(3)：13-17
[7]曾澄光.火力发电厂高温过热器爆管分析[J].广州大学学报：自然科学版,2002,1(4)：88-90
[8]刘钧泉,熊文英,夏延燊.重催CO过热器炉管失效分析[J].腐蚀与防护,2006,27(6)：317-319
[9]张亚明,董爱华,夏邦杰,等.蒸汽锅炉炉管爆裂失效分析[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2008,20(4)：304-306
[10]何晋瑞.金属高温疲劳[M].北京：科学出版社,1988.
[11]魏文光.金属力学性能测试[M].北京：科学出版社,1980
[12]饶寿期.航空发动机的高温蠕变分析[J].航空发动机,2004,30(1)：10-13.
[13]姚程.镍基单晶涡轮叶片蠕变特性研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2010
[14]单豪琳.特定环境下螺旋桨尾轴蠕变特性研究[D].大连理工大学,2007
[15]杨科灵.剪切蠕变下锡银焊点的电阻应变特性研究[D].中南大学,2007
[16]蒋礼.无铅焊点的热损伤电测理论及应用[D].中南大学,2009
[17]聂桂平2CrllNiMOVNbNB钢的高温蠕变特性实验研究[D].华北电力(北京)大学,2002
[18]嵇峰.原位合成TiCp/LD7Al复合材料高温蠕变行为的研究[D].燕山大学,20089
[19]轩福贞；涂善东；王正东；李培宁；高温金属结构缺陷免予蠕变失效评定的条件；中国科学院上海冶金研究所；材料物理与化学(专业)博士论文,2000
[20]王伟滨刘桂双.不锈钢复合板过渡层的焊接[J].化工装备技术,2005(2)
[21]黏弹性理论与应用：国家自然科学基金研究专著,2010-09-09
[22]凌祥涂善东.高温构件寿命评价技术研究现状和进展[J].机械工程材料,2002(10)
[23]刘文埏,郑曼仲,费斌军等.概率断裂力学与概率损伤容限/耐久性[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2000
[24]何子淑.带中心孔的镍基高温合金GH4049的高温疲劳短裂纹扩展规律[J].贵州工业大学学报：自然科学版.2005(1)：44.
[25]Miler K J.The Behaviour of Short Fatigue Cracks and Their Initiation[J]. Fatigue Fract,Engng.Mater. Struct.1987,10
[26]Bulloeh J H. An inspection of Elevated temperature fatigue crack extension dates in low alloy steel. International Journal of Pressure Vessel and Piping,1998,75:805-818.
[27]BymeJ, Hall R, Grabowskit L. Elevated temperature fatigue crack growth under dwell conditions in Waspaloy. Int J Fatigue,1997,19(5):359-367.
[28]轩福贞,涂福贞,王正东.含裂纹结构时间相关的疲劳断裂理论与剩余寿命评价技术[J].力学进展,2005.8,35(3)：392-401.
[29]YOKOBORI T. Studies on crack growth rate under high temperature:Creep, fatigue and creep-fatigue interaction(Ⅰ)[J]. Eng Ira Mech,1980,13:509-522.
[30]蔡能.尚德广.高温多轴疲劳损伤与寿命预测研究进展[J].机械强度,2004.2,6(25)：576—582.
[31]Socha G. Prediction of the fatigue life on the basis of damage progress ratecurves. International Journal of Fatigue 26(2004)[C]:339-347.
[32]YOKOBORI A T, et al. An alternative correlating parameter forcreep crack growth rate and its application{derivation of the pa—rameterQ EJ-I. Mater High Temp,1992, 10(2):108-118.
[33]KAJI Y. Estimation of creep fracture life for Hastelloy XR by Qparameter EJ-I. Eng Fra Mech,1995,50:519-528.
[34]Kim K S, Vanstone R H. Hold time crack growth analysis at elevated temperatures. Engineering Fracture Meehanies.1995,521:433-444.
[35]Merah N, Bui-Quoc T, Bernard M.Creep-fatigue crack growth in notehed SS-304 plates at 600℃. Engineering Fracture Meehanies,1999,63:39-55.
[36]杨挺青.材料与结构蠕变研究近况[M].力学进展.2000.5
[37]Saxena A. Fatigue of Engineering Mat & Structures.1981,3:247
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