基于NS2的移动IP扩展技术的研究
摘要
随着通信和无线接入技术的快速发展,能够为移动的主机提供网络的服务成为一种需要。移动IP协议是通信终端在移动中保证通信连接性的协议,通过该协议可以使终端在移动时仍然保持正在进行的通信。目前IPv4正在被移动IPv6所代替成为新的网络基础,移动IPv6将对网络技术的发展影响巨大。切换问题就是移动IPv6技术的核心问题。在通信终端改变接入路由时,如何能减少切换的延迟时间和丢保率,是移动技术在未来能否发展普及的关键。
论文概述了移动IP技术的基本原理和实现目标,并对移动IPv4和IPv6协议进行了详细介绍。进而,论文分析了移动IPv6协议的分级移动、快速移动和快速分级移动等三种切换扩展技术。
针对快速分级移动仍然存在的切换滞后于移动而导致切换时延和丢包率不能进一步降低的问题,本文提出了基于移动概率预测参数的快速分级移动技术(PF-HMIP)。即移动站根据自己的移动行为和移动位置产生移动概率预测参数,并将该参数发送给移动锚点。移动锚点按照移动概率预测参数向其管理的所有移动域转发目的地为移动站的消息。论文详细阐述了该技术的原理、算法、消息格式和切换过程,并指出了该技术能够进一步降低切换丢包率和切换时延的原因。
对基于移动概率预测参数的快速分级移动技术及上述三种扩展技术,本文采用网络仿真软件NS2进行了实现,并完成了性能验证。通过对四种技术丢包率、切换延时等性能指标的比较,证明了PF-HMIP技术相对于分级移动、快速移动和快速分级移动等三种扩展技术,能够进一步的降低切换时延和切换过程中的丢包率,从而更好的适应移动网络的切换要求。
With the rapid development of wireless cut-over and communication technology, it is necessary to meet the need for mobile host’s network service. The mobile IP protocol is which mobile terminal hold the relationship when it moves, rely on this protocol can make the mobile terminal remains hold the communication when it is changing positon. Mobile IPv6 comes to be the infrastructure of network instead of IPv4 which has a positive and far-reaching influence now. The kernel of mobile IPv6 is handover trouble. It is the kernel of whether mobile technology can be popular in the future that is how can reduce the handover defer and losing rate when communicator terminal changes the access router.
This paper presents the technology principle and destination of mobile IP, and introduces mobile IPv4 and mobile IPv6’s protocol. Next, the paper describes the three expand technology of mobile IPv6 including FMIP,HMIP and F-HMIP.
To be directed against the F-HMIP it remains have the problem which the handover time and losing rate is can’t be reduced more due to the handover lag behind the moving. The paper proposed a new handover technology, the Probability of Fast-handover for Mobile IPv6 with Hierarchical Management (PF-HMIPv6). It can make mobile host calculates moving probability parameter basing on its moving action and moving position which sending it to the Mobility Anchor Point (MAP). The MAP in terms of the probability parameter sends the objective messages to all the moving regions. The paper elaborates the principle, algorithm, message form and the process of the handover of the technology, the paper explain the reason for reducing the handover time and losing rate further.
To be directed against the PF-HMIP and other three technologies, the paper uses NS2 simulation platform to simulate and verify the conclusion. Through the comparison of the four method’s properties, which proves that PF-HMIP can reduce the handover time and losing rate further, it can adapt the mobile network handover better.
论文概述了移动IP技术的基本原理和实现目标,并对移动IPv4和IPv6协议进行了详细介绍。进而,论文分析了移动IPv6协议的分级移动、快速移动和快速分级移动等三种切换扩展技术。
针对快速分级移动仍然存在的切换滞后于移动而导致切换时延和丢包率不能进一步降低的问题,本文提出了基于移动概率预测参数的快速分级移动技术(PF-HMIP)。即移动站根据自己的移动行为和移动位置产生移动概率预测参数,并将该参数发送给移动锚点。移动锚点按照移动概率预测参数向其管理的所有移动域转发目的地为移动站的消息。论文详细阐述了该技术的原理、算法、消息格式和切换过程,并指出了该技术能够进一步降低切换丢包率和切换时延的原因。
对基于移动概率预测参数的快速分级移动技术及上述三种扩展技术,本文采用网络仿真软件NS2进行了实现,并完成了性能验证。通过对四种技术丢包率、切换延时等性能指标的比较,证明了PF-HMIP技术相对于分级移动、快速移动和快速分级移动等三种扩展技术,能够进一步的降低切换时延和切换过程中的丢包率,从而更好的适应移动网络的切换要求。
With the rapid development of wireless cut-over and communication technology, it is necessary to meet the need for mobile host’s network service. The mobile IP protocol is which mobile terminal hold the relationship when it moves, rely on this protocol can make the mobile terminal remains hold the communication when it is changing positon. Mobile IPv6 comes to be the infrastructure of network instead of IPv4 which has a positive and far-reaching influence now. The kernel of mobile IPv6 is handover trouble. It is the kernel of whether mobile technology can be popular in the future that is how can reduce the handover defer and losing rate when communicator terminal changes the access router.
This paper presents the technology principle and destination of mobile IP, and introduces mobile IPv4 and mobile IPv6’s protocol. Next, the paper describes the three expand technology of mobile IPv6 including FMIP,HMIP and F-HMIP.
To be directed against the F-HMIP it remains have the problem which the handover time and losing rate is can’t be reduced more due to the handover lag behind the moving. The paper proposed a new handover technology, the Probability of Fast-handover for Mobile IPv6 with Hierarchical Management (PF-HMIPv6). It can make mobile host calculates moving probability parameter basing on its moving action and moving position which sending it to the Mobility Anchor Point (MAP). The MAP in terms of the probability parameter sends the objective messages to all the moving regions. The paper elaborates the principle, algorithm, message form and the process of the handover of the technology, the paper explain the reason for reducing the handover time and losing rate further.
To be directed against the PF-HMIP and other three technologies, the paper uses NS2 simulation platform to simulate and verify the conclusion. Through the comparison of the four method’s properties, which proves that PF-HMIP can reduce the handover time and losing rate further, it can adapt the mobile network handover better.
引文
[1]赵耀培.郑明春.移动IP协议的研究与分析.信息技术与信息化,2004, 29(5): 1-7
[2] Charles E.Perkins. Mobile Networking through Mobile IP.IEEE Internet Computing, 1998, 2(1): 58-69
[3]张宵.李云等.基于MPLS的移动IP微移动性研究.计算机应用,2005.3(3) P501
[4] C.E.Perkins. IP Mobility Support, IETF RFC 2002, October 1996
[5] C.E.Perkins. IP Encapsulation within IP.IETF RFC 2003, October 1996
[6] C.E.Perkins. IP Minimal Encapsulation within IP. IETF RFC 2004, October 1996
[7] Solomon, J. Applicable Statement for IP Mobility Support. RFC 2005 October 1996
[8] Cong, D., Hamlen, M., and C. Perkins. The Definitions of Managed Objects for IP Mobility Support using SmIv2, RFC 2006, OCtober 1996
[9] S.Hanks, T. Li, D. FaRinacci, P. Traina,“Generic Routing Encapsulation(GRE)”, RFC17O1, Oct, 1994
[10]罗远军.移动IP技术的研究.[广西大学硕士学位论文].广西:广西大学,2001.5
[11]刘志敏.移动IP及改进技术.电信科学,2003, 3:11-13
[12]秦冀.姜雪松.移动IP技术与NS-2模拟.机械工业出版社,2006: 6-9, 23-33
[13]汤凌.移动IP微移动切换机制的研究.[电子科技大学硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[14] Nicolas Montavont, Thomas Noel. A New Middleware for Pervasive IPv6 Mobile Computing. In: IEEE Computer Society. International Conference on Networks (ICON 2003). Sydney, Australia: IEEE, InC., 2003: 481-488
[15]胡清桂.移动IP切换技术研究.[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].四川:西南交通大学,2006
[16]移动IP技术.CTI论坛:http://www.ctiforum.com
[17]李晓飞.移动IP中的微移动技术.广大通信技术,2004.2: p20-22
[18]王宁.移动IP分层快速切换技术的设计与仿真.[北京交通大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2008.06
[19]周佩聆.鲁绍坤.移动IP中平滑切换问题的分析.青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3): 15-17
[20]卢东昕.丁岩军.移动IPv4与移动IPv6技术的比较.技术前沿,2006. (1): 6-7
[21]张永晖等.移动IP的切换技术.福建工程学院学报,2005.6(3): P295-296
[22] H.Soliman, C.Catelluccia, K.El Malki and L.Nellier.Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility management (HMIPv6). IETF RFC 4140, August 2005
[23] Rajeev Koodli.Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6.IETF RFC 4068, July2005
[24] Hee Young Jung et al.Fast Handover for Hierarchical MIPv6 (FHMIPv6). IETF Draft draft-jung-mobopts-fhmipv6-00.txt, April 2005
[25]李忠廷.一种对移动IP中移动性管理的改进方法.[北京交通大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2006
[26]邱忠辉.移动IPv6快速切换机制的研究. [北京邮电大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2003
[27]李嵬.移动IP无缝切换技术的研究.[华中科技大学硕士学位论文].上海:华中科技大学,2006
[28] HeeYoungJung, Seok Joo, Koh. Fast. handover Support in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6. The 6th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. Februay2004
[29]黄筱俊.移动IP切换性能研究.[湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南大学,2004
[30]马学彬.温涛等.基于移动预测的快速分层移动组播体系结构电子学报,2009.1:51-52
[31]王婷.移动IPv6切换技术的研究与性能分析.[兰州交通大学硕士论文].甘肃:兰州交通大学,2009.04
[32]苏晓萍.微移动IP协议的分析与研究.计算机工程与应用,2004(1): 176-178
[33]于斌.孙斌.温暖.王绘丽.陈江锋.NS与网络模拟.人民邮电出版社,2007:133-144
[34]文武.移动IP切换优化方案研究.[中南大学硕士学位论文].中南大学,2007
[35]胡涛.移动IPv6快速切换机制的研究与仿真.[太原理工大学硕士学位论文].山西:太原理工大学,2007
[36]百思论坛:http://www.baisi.net/forum-440-1.html
[37] NS2/OPNET:http://www.netemu.cn/bbs/forum-454-1.html
[38] IPv6相关技术网站:http://www.CNpaf.net/Class/IPv6
[39]无线网络中移动IP切换方法的探讨:http://www.PCdog.Com/network/wireless/index.html
[40] TCLTK中文网:http://www.TCLChina.Com/ARtiCle/Chinese/TCLmantan.htm
[41] NS-2扩展技术相关网站:http://iCapeople.epfl.Ch/widmer/uwb/NS-2/NOAH/
[42]移动IPv6快速切换实现:http://www.HACkhome.Com/InfoView/ARtiCle_1258l4.html
[43] The Network Simulator-NS-2, http://www.isi.edu.nsnam/NS, 2006
[44] David B Johnson,Charles Perkins,Jali Arkko.Mobility Suppotr in IPv6[S],RFC3775,2004-06:114-115
[45] ChunHung Richard Lin,Kai Min Wang.Sealable Multieast Protocol in IP-Based Mobile Networks[J].Wireless Networks(Kluwer Academic Publishers),2002-08:27-36
[2] Charles E.Perkins. Mobile Networking through Mobile IP.IEEE Internet Computing, 1998, 2(1): 58-69
[3]张宵.李云等.基于MPLS的移动IP微移动性研究.计算机应用,2005.3(3) P501
[4] C.E.Perkins. IP Mobility Support, IETF RFC 2002, October 1996
[5] C.E.Perkins. IP Encapsulation within IP.IETF RFC 2003, October 1996
[6] C.E.Perkins. IP Minimal Encapsulation within IP. IETF RFC 2004, October 1996
[7] Solomon, J. Applicable Statement for IP Mobility Support. RFC 2005 October 1996
[8] Cong, D., Hamlen, M., and C. Perkins. The Definitions of Managed Objects for IP Mobility Support using SmIv2, RFC 2006, OCtober 1996
[9] S.Hanks, T. Li, D. FaRinacci, P. Traina,“Generic Routing Encapsulation(GRE)”, RFC17O1, Oct, 1994
[10]罗远军.移动IP技术的研究.[广西大学硕士学位论文].广西:广西大学,2001.5
[11]刘志敏.移动IP及改进技术.电信科学,2003, 3:11-13
[12]秦冀.姜雪松.移动IP技术与NS-2模拟.机械工业出版社,2006: 6-9, 23-33
[13]汤凌.移动IP微移动切换机制的研究.[电子科技大学硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[14] Nicolas Montavont, Thomas Noel. A New Middleware for Pervasive IPv6 Mobile Computing. In: IEEE Computer Society. International Conference on Networks (ICON 2003). Sydney, Australia: IEEE, InC., 2003: 481-488
[15]胡清桂.移动IP切换技术研究.[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].四川:西南交通大学,2006
[16]移动IP技术.CTI论坛:http://www.ctiforum.com
[17]李晓飞.移动IP中的微移动技术.广大通信技术,2004.2: p20-22
[18]王宁.移动IP分层快速切换技术的设计与仿真.[北京交通大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2008.06
[19]周佩聆.鲁绍坤.移动IP中平滑切换问题的分析.青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3): 15-17
[20]卢东昕.丁岩军.移动IPv4与移动IPv6技术的比较.技术前沿,2006. (1): 6-7
[21]张永晖等.移动IP的切换技术.福建工程学院学报,2005.6(3): P295-296
[22] H.Soliman, C.Catelluccia, K.El Malki and L.Nellier.Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility management (HMIPv6). IETF RFC 4140, August 2005
[23] Rajeev Koodli.Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6.IETF RFC 4068, July2005
[24] Hee Young Jung et al.Fast Handover for Hierarchical MIPv6 (FHMIPv6). IETF Draft draft-jung-mobopts-fhmipv6-00.txt, April 2005
[25]李忠廷.一种对移动IP中移动性管理的改进方法.[北京交通大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2006
[26]邱忠辉.移动IPv6快速切换机制的研究. [北京邮电大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2003
[27]李嵬.移动IP无缝切换技术的研究.[华中科技大学硕士学位论文].上海:华中科技大学,2006
[28] HeeYoungJung, Seok Joo, Koh. Fast. handover Support in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6. The 6th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. Februay2004
[29]黄筱俊.移动IP切换性能研究.[湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南大学,2004
[30]马学彬.温涛等.基于移动预测的快速分层移动组播体系结构电子学报,2009.1:51-52
[31]王婷.移动IPv6切换技术的研究与性能分析.[兰州交通大学硕士论文].甘肃:兰州交通大学,2009.04
[32]苏晓萍.微移动IP协议的分析与研究.计算机工程与应用,2004(1): 176-178
[33]于斌.孙斌.温暖.王绘丽.陈江锋.NS与网络模拟.人民邮电出版社,2007:133-144
[34]文武.移动IP切换优化方案研究.[中南大学硕士学位论文].中南大学,2007
[35]胡涛.移动IPv6快速切换机制的研究与仿真.[太原理工大学硕士学位论文].山西:太原理工大学,2007
[36]百思论坛:http://www.baisi.net/forum-440-1.html
[37] NS2/OPNET:http://www.netemu.cn/bbs/forum-454-1.html
[38] IPv6相关技术网站:http://www.CNpaf.net/Class/IPv6
[39]无线网络中移动IP切换方法的探讨:http://www.PCdog.Com/network/wireless/index.html
[40] TCLTK中文网:http://www.TCLChina.Com/ARtiCle/Chinese/TCLmantan.htm
[41] NS-2扩展技术相关网站:http://iCapeople.epfl.Ch/widmer/uwb/NS-2/NOAH/
[42]移动IPv6快速切换实现:http://www.HACkhome.Com/InfoView/ARtiCle_1258l4.html
[43] The Network Simulator-NS-2, http://www.isi.edu.nsnam/NS, 2006
[44] David B Johnson,Charles Perkins,Jali Arkko.Mobility Suppotr in IPv6[S],RFC3775,2004-06:114-115
[45] ChunHung Richard Lin,Kai Min Wang.Sealable Multieast Protocol in IP-Based Mobile Networks[J].Wireless Networks(Kluwer Academic Publishers),2002-08:27-36