旋转磁场作用下电弧特性和电弧行为的研究
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摘要
摘 要
随着焊接技术在工业生产中的广泛应用，各生产厂家为了增强市场竞争力，
越来越强烈要求降低成本，提高焊接生产效率。因此，高效、低成本的焊接方法
已经成为焊接工作者研究的热点。而采用外加磁场控制焊接过程，具有附加装置
简单、投入成本低、耗能少等特点，引起焊接工作者的重视。
本文通过对电弧的特点进行深入研究，利用带电粒子在磁场中运动的理论，
建立了磁场作用下电弧的稳态模型和电弧的动态模型，分析了磁场作用下电弧的
运动行为和运动机制，对磁场作用下电弧的运动过程进行了数学描述，为研究旋
转磁场作用下电弧特性和电弧的运动行为提供了坚实的理论基础。
采用 ANSYS 有限元分析的方法，对各种情况下磁场的分布情况进行了仿真
和计算。分析了励磁线圈的形状、位置、励磁电流的大小、铁芯大小和导磁杆角
度的变化等诸多因素对磁场分布的影响。为选择和设计科学、合理的外加旋转磁
场发生装置提供了理论上的支持。
在上述理论分析和计算基础上，建立了一套旋转磁场作用下电弧特性和电弧
运动行为研究的实验系统。主要包括性能优良的焊接电源，成本低廉的保护气体
和简单实用、灵活方便的旋转磁场发生装置。在上述实验系统的基础上，通过大
量的实验，证明了外加旋转磁场对 TIG 电弧的控制作用，并且得到了外加旋转
磁场作用下电弧静特性和电弧运动行为的变化规律。为实现旋转磁场作用下
MIG/MAG 新工艺奠定一定的理论基础。
With the application of the welding process in the industry, in order to strengthen
their competition, manufacturers scream for the less cost and higher efficiency
welding process. As a result, the high efficient and low-cost welding process has been
the researching focus for the welding researcher. To control the welding process with
additional magnetic field has many advantages such as its affixture equip is simple,
the cost is low, and it consumes little energy etc. All of these causes the welding
researcher’s extensive interest.
Through the research for the characteristic of the arc and with the theory about
how the charged particles move in the magnetic filed, the static and dynamic model
are established in this paper. Also, in this paper, we analyse the motion and its
mechanism of the magnetic control arc, and describes it in math. They lay a solid
foundation to research the characteristic of arc and its movement behavior under
rotating magnetic.
Based on the finite element software of ANSYS, the distribution of the magnetic
field is simulated. The factors which affect the distribution of the magnetic field are
discussed, such as the shape and the location of the excitation coil, the value of the
excitation current, the size of iron core and the change of the conduct magnetic pole’s
angle etc. They provide the theoretic support to choice and design the occurrence
equip scientific.
Based on the theoretic analysis and simulation, the experiment system for the
research of the characteristic and movement behavior of welding arc under rotating
magnetic field is established, including the good performance power source, the less
cost common shielding gas and the simply, practical and portable occurrence equip of
rotating magnetic field. Based on these experiment systems, it proves that the rotating
magnetic filed does control the TIC arc, and the variety law of the static characteristic
of the rotating magnetic control welding arc and movement behavior of welding arc
are also gotten through the great quantity experiments. They lay a theoretic foundation
to realize the new technique of the revolving magnetic control MIG/MAG.
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
Project(No. 50205001).
随着焊接技术在工业生产中的广泛应用，各生产厂家为了增强市场竞争力，
越来越强烈要求降低成本，提高焊接生产效率。因此，高效、低成本的焊接方法
已经成为焊接工作者研究的热点。而采用外加磁场控制焊接过程，具有附加装置
简单、投入成本低、耗能少等特点，引起焊接工作者的重视。
本文通过对电弧的特点进行深入研究，利用带电粒子在磁场中运动的理论，
建立了磁场作用下电弧的稳态模型和电弧的动态模型，分析了磁场作用下电弧的
运动行为和运动机制，对磁场作用下电弧的运动过程进行了数学描述，为研究旋
转磁场作用下电弧特性和电弧的运动行为提供了坚实的理论基础。
采用 ANSYS 有限元分析的方法，对各种情况下磁场的分布情况进行了仿真
和计算。分析了励磁线圈的形状、位置、励磁电流的大小、铁芯大小和导磁杆角
度的变化等诸多因素对磁场分布的影响。为选择和设计科学、合理的外加旋转磁
场发生装置提供了理论上的支持。
在上述理论分析和计算基础上，建立了一套旋转磁场作用下电弧特性和电弧
运动行为研究的实验系统。主要包括性能优良的焊接电源，成本低廉的保护气体
和简单实用、灵活方便的旋转磁场发生装置。在上述实验系统的基础上，通过大
量的实验，证明了外加旋转磁场对 TIG 电弧的控制作用，并且得到了外加旋转
磁场作用下电弧静特性和电弧运动行为的变化规律。为实现旋转磁场作用下
MIG/MAG 新工艺奠定一定的理论基础。
With the application of the welding process in the industry, in order to strengthen
their competition, manufacturers scream for the less cost and higher efficiency
welding process. As a result, the high efficient and low-cost welding process has been
the researching focus for the welding researcher. To control the welding process with
additional magnetic field has many advantages such as its affixture equip is simple,
the cost is low, and it consumes little energy etc. All of these causes the welding
researcher’s extensive interest.
Through the research for the characteristic of the arc and with the theory about
how the charged particles move in the magnetic filed, the static and dynamic model
are established in this paper. Also, in this paper, we analyse the motion and its
mechanism of the magnetic control arc, and describes it in math. They lay a solid
foundation to research the characteristic of arc and its movement behavior under
rotating magnetic.
Based on the finite element software of ANSYS, the distribution of the magnetic
field is simulated. The factors which affect the distribution of the magnetic field are
discussed, such as the shape and the location of the excitation coil, the value of the
excitation current, the size of iron core and the change of the conduct magnetic pole’s
angle etc. They provide the theoretic support to choice and design the occurrence
equip scientific.
Based on the theoretic analysis and simulation, the experiment system for the
research of the characteristic and movement behavior of welding arc under rotating
magnetic field is established, including the good performance power source, the less
cost common shielding gas and the simply, practical and portable occurrence equip of
rotating magnetic field. Based on these experiment systems, it proves that the rotating
magnetic filed does control the TIC arc, and the variety law of the static characteristic
of the rotating magnetic control welding arc and movement behavior of welding arc
are also gotten through the great quantity experiments. They lay a theoretic foundation
to realize the new technique of the revolving magnetic control MIG/MAG.
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
Project(No. 50205001).
引文
参考文献
1 林尚扬，关桥．我国制造业焊接生产现状与发展战略研究．中国工程院咨询
项目总结报告．2003,8
2 林尚扬．中国从焊接大国向世界焊接强国迈进.航空制造技术．2002（11）：
7-9
3 池梦骊．由 MAG 脱颖而出的 TIME 焊接新工艺．焊接技术．1994（3）：46-48
4 天津市焊接研究所编．磁控焊接．机械工业出版社，1975
5 阿勃拉洛夫等著．电磁作用焊接技术．机械工业出版社．1988,6
6 A.M.Uuger, H.A.Matis and W.A.Knocke．Electro-magnetic Stirring Action in a
Spot Weld, Welding Journal, 1941，Vol.20:42-48,
7 R.A.Willgoss．Electromagneti Control of Fluid Motion in TIG Welding Pools,Arc
Physics and Weld Pool Behaviour, 1979,Vol1.23 No11 :112-120
8 R Olsson, M Stemvers ． High-Speed Welding gives a competitive edge.
Welding Review International, August 1995: 128-132
9 J Tusek. Raising arc welding productivity. Welding Review International,
August 1996:102-105
10 P Benglsson, et al. High productivity MIG/MAG welding processes. Welding
and Metal Fabrication, June 1992: 226
11 G.K.Hickon and C.E.Jackson. Effects of Applied Magnetic Fields in Welding Arcs,
Welding Journal, 1966,Vol.45, No.8:513-518,
12 V.N.Stelyankov. Formation of the Weld in a Longitudinal Magnetic Field in
Argon-arc Welding, Welding Production, 1975,Vol.22,No.11:50-53
13 .A.Abralov. The Effect of Electro-magnetic Action on the Properties and Structure
of Welded Joints in the 01420 Alloys,Automatic Welding, 1977,Vol.30,No.5:52-55
14 过增元，赵文华．电弧和热等离子体．北京：科学出版社．1986，12
15 吴丰顺，王士元，史耀武等．纵向磁场作用下电弧的运动机制．武汉汽车工
业大学学报．1997，Vol. 19（1）：43-46
16 阿勃拉格夫 MA．电磁作用焊接技术[M] ．韦福水译，北京．机械工业出版
社，1998
17 李海刚，殷咸青，罗键等．用电磁搅拌提高 LD10CS 铝合金焊接接头质量．焊
接学报,1998(12)100-105
18 罗键,贾昌申,王雅生等．外加纵向磁场 GTAW 焊接熔池流动机理．机械工程
学报．2001 Vol.37(4):29-32
- 57 -
北京工业大学硕士学位论文
19 王军,陈树君,卢振洋,殷树言．横向磁场控制 MAG 焊接焊缝成型工艺的研
究．北京工业大学学报．2003,Vol.29(2):147-150
20 Chernyshu, V.P. Electromagnetic Mixing Gives Solidification Control. Welding
and Metal Fabrication.1982, Vol.50(2):93-96
21 Paton, B.E.et al. Peculiarities of Low Pressure Plasma Constriction. Hasler
Review.1980, Vol.1(8):109-111
22 Guile, A.E. Effect of Rotating Arc Velocity on Copper Cathode Erosion. Journal of
Physics.1974, Vol.7(4):597-606
23 Prasad, Rahul R.Et al.Power Flow and Cathode Erosion in A Vacuum-Arc
Centrifuge. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.1986, Vol.14(4):498-502
24 Ennis, M.G, et al. Rotaing Arc Interrupter with Independent Field Excitation.IEE
Proceedings: Science, Measurement and Technology.1996,Vol.(143)2:113-118
25 Satoh, Tsugihiko, et al. Experimental Study on Rotating Behavior of Arc during
Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt Welding. Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding
Society.1990,Vol.7(2):71-77
26 Rehfeldt, Dietrich. Contribution to the Control of the Arc and the Material
Transfer in Electric Arc Welding. Fortschritt-Berichte VDI-Zeitschriften, Reihe
Bauingenieurwesen.1977,Vol.34(2):227
27 Basler, H.B. et al. Effect of Longitudinal Magnetic Fields upon Metal-Inert
Gas-Shielded Welding. Werkstatt und Betrieb.1974,Vol.107(6):321-326
28 池长青等编著．铁磁流体学．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1989：172-180
29 贾昌申等．外加间歇交变纵向磁场对 GTAW 焊缝中气孔的抑制．航空工艺技
术．1994，Vol.3：26-28
30 贾昌申等．纵向磁场中焊接电弧行为．西安交通大学学报．1994.7，
Vol.19(1):1-12
31 吴丰顺等．纵向磁场作用下电弧的运动机制．武汉汽车工业大学学报．1997.7，
Vol.19(1):43-46
32 Dr Philip J Blakeley, et al. Magnetism-a Blow to Welding. Welding and Metal
Fabrication.1999,5:22-26
33 D Hilton. Shielding Gases for Gas Metal Arc Welding. Welding and Metal
Fabrication.1990.6:332-334
34 王学东，张伟强，时海芳．旋转磁场电磁搅拌数值模拟．辽宁工程技术大学
学报．2000，Vol.19(5):543-545
35 房蔓楠，魏福玉，陈昕．螺线管磁场分布特征及应用．长春邮电学院学
报．1994,Vol.12(2):11-14
- 58 -
参考文献
36 韦尚戟．载流无限长螺线管磁场的分析．河池师专学报．1994,Vol .14(3):39-41
37 郎成 , 丁力 , 路大勇．任意形状螺线管磁场的研究．吉林化工学院学
报．1997,Vol.11(4):79-80
38 唐兴伦，范群波，张朝辉等．ANSYS 工程应用教程（热与电磁学篇）．北京：
中国铁道出版社，2003
39 王国强．实用工程数值模拟技术及在 ANSYS 上的实践．西安：西北工业大
学出版社，1999
40 Hiller, F.s., and Lieberman, G.J. Introduction to Operations Research,6th ed. New
Yorl:Mc-Graw.1995:225-229
41 Rekaitis,G.V., Racindran a., and Ragsdell, K.M. Engineering
Optimization-Methods and Applications. New York:Tohn Wiley and
Sons.1983:321-324
42 金建铭著，王建国译．电磁场有限元分析．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，
1998
43 赵海燕．焊接变压器的磁场有限元分析及优化设计．西安交通大学博士学位
论文，1997
44 张榴晨，徐松．有限元法在电磁计算中的应用．北京：中国铁道出版社，1996
1 林尚扬，关桥．我国制造业焊接生产现状与发展战略研究．中国工程院咨询
项目总结报告．2003,8
2 林尚扬．中国从焊接大国向世界焊接强国迈进.航空制造技术．2002（11）：
7-9
3 池梦骊．由 MAG 脱颖而出的 TIME 焊接新工艺．焊接技术．1994（3）：46-48
4 天津市焊接研究所编．磁控焊接．机械工业出版社，1975
5 阿勃拉洛夫等著．电磁作用焊接技术．机械工业出版社．1988,6
6 A.M.Uuger, H.A.Matis and W.A.Knocke．Electro-magnetic Stirring Action in a
Spot Weld, Welding Journal, 1941，Vol.20:42-48,
7 R.A.Willgoss．Electromagneti Control of Fluid Motion in TIG Welding Pools,Arc
Physics and Weld Pool Behaviour, 1979,Vol1.23 No11 :112-120
8 R Olsson, M Stemvers ． High-Speed Welding gives a competitive edge.
Welding Review International, August 1995: 128-132
9 J Tusek. Raising arc welding productivity. Welding Review International,
August 1996:102-105
10 P Benglsson, et al. High productivity MIG/MAG welding processes. Welding
and Metal Fabrication, June 1992: 226
11 G.K.Hickon and C.E.Jackson. Effects of Applied Magnetic Fields in Welding Arcs,
Welding Journal, 1966,Vol.45, No.8:513-518,
12 V.N.Stelyankov. Formation of the Weld in a Longitudinal Magnetic Field in
Argon-arc Welding, Welding Production, 1975,Vol.22,No.11:50-53
13 .A.Abralov. The Effect of Electro-magnetic Action on the Properties and Structure
of Welded Joints in the 01420 Alloys,Automatic Welding, 1977,Vol.30,No.5:52-55
14 过增元，赵文华．电弧和热等离子体．北京：科学出版社．1986，12
15 吴丰顺，王士元，史耀武等．纵向磁场作用下电弧的运动机制．武汉汽车工
业大学学报．1997，Vol. 19（1）：43-46
16 阿勃拉格夫 MA．电磁作用焊接技术[M] ．韦福水译，北京．机械工业出版
社，1998
17 李海刚，殷咸青，罗键等．用电磁搅拌提高 LD10CS 铝合金焊接接头质量．焊
接学报,1998(12)100-105
18 罗键,贾昌申,王雅生等．外加纵向磁场 GTAW 焊接熔池流动机理．机械工程
学报．2001 Vol.37(4):29-32
- 57 -
北京工业大学硕士学位论文
19 王军,陈树君,卢振洋,殷树言．横向磁场控制 MAG 焊接焊缝成型工艺的研
究．北京工业大学学报．2003,Vol.29(2):147-150
20 Chernyshu, V.P. Electromagnetic Mixing Gives Solidification Control. Welding
and Metal Fabrication.1982, Vol.50(2):93-96
21 Paton, B.E.et al. Peculiarities of Low Pressure Plasma Constriction. Hasler
Review.1980, Vol.1(8):109-111
22 Guile, A.E. Effect of Rotating Arc Velocity on Copper Cathode Erosion. Journal of
Physics.1974, Vol.7(4):597-606
23 Prasad, Rahul R.Et al.Power Flow and Cathode Erosion in A Vacuum-Arc
Centrifuge. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.1986, Vol.14(4):498-502
24 Ennis, M.G, et al. Rotaing Arc Interrupter with Independent Field Excitation.IEE
Proceedings: Science, Measurement and Technology.1996,Vol.(143)2:113-118
25 Satoh, Tsugihiko, et al. Experimental Study on Rotating Behavior of Arc during
Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt Welding. Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding
Society.1990,Vol.7(2):71-77
26 Rehfeldt, Dietrich. Contribution to the Control of the Arc and the Material
Transfer in Electric Arc Welding. Fortschritt-Berichte VDI-Zeitschriften, Reihe
Bauingenieurwesen.1977,Vol.34(2):227
27 Basler, H.B. et al. Effect of Longitudinal Magnetic Fields upon Metal-Inert
Gas-Shielded Welding. Werkstatt und Betrieb.1974,Vol.107(6):321-326
28 池长青等编著．铁磁流体学．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1989：172-180
29 贾昌申等．外加间歇交变纵向磁场对 GTAW 焊缝中气孔的抑制．航空工艺技
术．1994，Vol.3：26-28
30 贾昌申等．纵向磁场中焊接电弧行为．西安交通大学学报．1994.7，
Vol.19(1):1-12
31 吴丰顺等．纵向磁场作用下电弧的运动机制．武汉汽车工业大学学报．1997.7，
Vol.19(1):43-46
32 Dr Philip J Blakeley, et al. Magnetism-a Blow to Welding. Welding and Metal
Fabrication.1999,5:22-26
33 D Hilton. Shielding Gases for Gas Metal Arc Welding. Welding and Metal
Fabrication.1990.6:332-334
34 王学东，张伟强，时海芳．旋转磁场电磁搅拌数值模拟．辽宁工程技术大学
学报．2000，Vol.19(5):543-545
35 房蔓楠，魏福玉，陈昕．螺线管磁场分布特征及应用．长春邮电学院学
报．1994,Vol.12(2):11-14
- 58 -
参考文献
36 韦尚戟．载流无限长螺线管磁场的分析．河池师专学报．1994,Vol .14(3):39-41
37 郎成 , 丁力 , 路大勇．任意形状螺线管磁场的研究．吉林化工学院学
报．1997,Vol.11(4):79-80
38 唐兴伦，范群波，张朝辉等．ANSYS 工程应用教程（热与电磁学篇）．北京：
中国铁道出版社，2003
39 王国强．实用工程数值模拟技术及在 ANSYS 上的实践．西安：西北工业大
学出版社，1999
40 Hiller, F.s., and Lieberman, G.J. Introduction to Operations Research,6th ed. New
Yorl:Mc-Graw.1995:225-229
41 Rekaitis,G.V., Racindran a., and Ragsdell, K.M. Engineering
Optimization-Methods and Applications. New York:Tohn Wiley and
Sons.1983:321-324
42 金建铭著，王建国译．电磁场有限元分析．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，
1998
43 赵海燕．焊接变压器的磁场有限元分析及优化设计．西安交通大学博士学位
论文，1997
44 张榴晨，徐松．有限元法在电磁计算中的应用．北京：中国铁道出版社，1996