山海带水培机制与技术研究
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摘要
近年来,随着人们环保意识的增强,水培花卉作为环保型花卉类的代表,以其清洁、环保、高雅等特点逐渐受到国内以及国际花卉业和广大花卉爱好者的欢迎。山海带(Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep)又称海南龙血树、小花龙血树,原产于海南、三亚等地,现已发展成为我国南方地区主要的盆栽观叶植物。本试验以山海带为试材,探讨了水培山海带诱导生根,营养液筛选,营养液藻类抑制,水培根系与基质栽培根系形态解剖学比较四个方面,以期为山海带的水培提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:
(1)诱导生根
以IBA、NAA及处理时间为3因素,每个因素设立3个水平,通过正交试验探讨不同处理对山海带诱导生根情况,结果表明,最佳诱导生根条件为IBA200mg/L和NAA250mg/L混合处理8小时。
(2)营养液筛选
以营养液种类、营养液浓度及pH为3因素,每个因素设立3个水平,通过正交试验确定最适合水培山海带生长的营养液条件。综合考虑不同营养液条件对水培山海带生长发育各项形态指标及生理指标的影响,得出1倍浓度日本园式配方营养液在pH为6.5的条件下,最适合水培山海带的生长。
(3)藻类抑制
针对在水培过程中营养液易滋生绿藻的问题,在营养液中加入不同剂量的竹炭、活性炭、净水剂、除苔素,探讨不同处理对营养液中藻类的抑制。结果表明,在每升营养液中加入3g活性炭颗粒,对藻类的抑制具有较好的作用,且能维持营养液pH相对稳定,在整个过程中对山海带的生长也无影响。
(4)根系形态解剖比较
通过对山海带水培根系和基质栽培根系进行外观形态及解剖结构观察比较,结果表明,水培山海带形成的不定根多而密,根径显著变小,组织脆嫩,根面积较小,根系在前期呈白色,见光后颜色变浅绿,根冠退化,细胞结构较疏松,皮层薄壁细胞层数增多,体积增大,细胞间隙较大,有发达的通气组织,气腔较大,数量多,维管柱比例相对缩小,机械组织退化,导管数目较少。
In recent years, with enhanced of people's environmental awareness, hydroponic flowers as a representative of environmentally friendly, with its clean, green, elegant, welcomed by people both at home and abroad. Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep, originating from HaiNan and SanYa, which has developed into a major potted foliage plant in recent years. The experiment has discussed the best rootingcondition with cuttings, the best nutrient solution and distinguished the differencesbetween matrix-cultured and solution-cultured plant in morphological and anatomic observation. All the researches above may provide some academic and technical supports for hydroponic, the main results are summarized as follows:
(1)Selecting experiment of rooting
In order to find out the optimum rooting of Dracaena cambodiana,the experimentused anorthogonal experiment design for the three treatment factors which were IBA、NAA and treatment time,every factor was set at three levels, The results showed thattreating with IBA200mg/L +NAA 250mg/L, then keep 8 hours dunking can root best.
(2)Selecting experiment of nutrient solution
In order to find out the optimum nutrient solution for Dracaena cambodiana,the experiment used anorthogonal experiment design for the three treatment factors which were ratio of nutrition element, concentration of nutrient solution and pH,every factor was set at three levels. Considered to growth and physiological indexes in a varietyof nutrient solution composition on, the results showed that treating with 1 time theJapanese garden-style formula nutrient solution in the pH 6.5 conditions is the most suitable for hydroponic Dracaena cambodiana.
(3) Inhibition of algae
For the problem of easy breeding green algae in hydroponics nutrient solution, by adding different doses of charcoal, activated carbon, water purification agent and inhibit algae agent with the exception to explore the different treatments on nutrient solution in the inhibition of algae. The results showed that in the addition of 3g activated carbon particles per liter nutrient solution had a better role, and also could maintain the pH of nutrient solution stablely.
(4)Morphological and anatomic observation
Through the morphological and anatomic observation on root, the results showed that the hydropenics of adventitious root formation more dense, the root diameter and the root area significantly smaller in size, crisp, white root turn into lingt green after light. Developed parenchyma cells and developed intercellular space as well as big cells and thin cell walls, the dissolved aerenchyma was clear and the cortex has a larger proportion than matrix-cultured ones,the vascular tissue has ocupied as mailerproportion of the root than matrix-cultured plant, and the xylem become degenerate,has few numbers of vessels.
(1)诱导生根
以IBA、NAA及处理时间为3因素,每个因素设立3个水平,通过正交试验探讨不同处理对山海带诱导生根情况,结果表明,最佳诱导生根条件为IBA200mg/L和NAA250mg/L混合处理8小时。
(2)营养液筛选
以营养液种类、营养液浓度及pH为3因素,每个因素设立3个水平,通过正交试验确定最适合水培山海带生长的营养液条件。综合考虑不同营养液条件对水培山海带生长发育各项形态指标及生理指标的影响,得出1倍浓度日本园式配方营养液在pH为6.5的条件下,最适合水培山海带的生长。
(3)藻类抑制
针对在水培过程中营养液易滋生绿藻的问题,在营养液中加入不同剂量的竹炭、活性炭、净水剂、除苔素,探讨不同处理对营养液中藻类的抑制。结果表明,在每升营养液中加入3g活性炭颗粒,对藻类的抑制具有较好的作用,且能维持营养液pH相对稳定,在整个过程中对山海带的生长也无影响。
(4)根系形态解剖比较
通过对山海带水培根系和基质栽培根系进行外观形态及解剖结构观察比较,结果表明,水培山海带形成的不定根多而密,根径显著变小,组织脆嫩,根面积较小,根系在前期呈白色,见光后颜色变浅绿,根冠退化,细胞结构较疏松,皮层薄壁细胞层数增多,体积增大,细胞间隙较大,有发达的通气组织,气腔较大,数量多,维管柱比例相对缩小,机械组织退化,导管数目较少。
In recent years, with enhanced of people's environmental awareness, hydroponic flowers as a representative of environmentally friendly, with its clean, green, elegant, welcomed by people both at home and abroad. Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep, originating from HaiNan and SanYa, which has developed into a major potted foliage plant in recent years. The experiment has discussed the best rootingcondition with cuttings, the best nutrient solution and distinguished the differencesbetween matrix-cultured and solution-cultured plant in morphological and anatomic observation. All the researches above may provide some academic and technical supports for hydroponic, the main results are summarized as follows:
(1)Selecting experiment of rooting
In order to find out the optimum rooting of Dracaena cambodiana,the experimentused anorthogonal experiment design for the three treatment factors which were IBA、NAA and treatment time,every factor was set at three levels, The results showed thattreating with IBA200mg/L +NAA 250mg/L, then keep 8 hours dunking can root best.
(2)Selecting experiment of nutrient solution
In order to find out the optimum nutrient solution for Dracaena cambodiana,the experiment used anorthogonal experiment design for the three treatment factors which were ratio of nutrition element, concentration of nutrient solution and pH,every factor was set at three levels. Considered to growth and physiological indexes in a varietyof nutrient solution composition on, the results showed that treating with 1 time theJapanese garden-style formula nutrient solution in the pH 6.5 conditions is the most suitable for hydroponic Dracaena cambodiana.
(3) Inhibition of algae
For the problem of easy breeding green algae in hydroponics nutrient solution, by adding different doses of charcoal, activated carbon, water purification agent and inhibit algae agent with the exception to explore the different treatments on nutrient solution in the inhibition of algae. The results showed that in the addition of 3g activated carbon particles per liter nutrient solution had a better role, and also could maintain the pH of nutrient solution stablely.
(4)Morphological and anatomic observation
Through the morphological and anatomic observation on root, the results showed that the hydropenics of adventitious root formation more dense, the root diameter and the root area significantly smaller in size, crisp, white root turn into lingt green after light. Developed parenchyma cells and developed intercellular space as well as big cells and thin cell walls, the dissolved aerenchyma was clear and the cortex has a larger proportion than matrix-cultured ones,the vascular tissue has ocupied as mailerproportion of the root than matrix-cultured plant, and the xylem become degenerate,has few numbers of vessels.
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