冲突与融合——从语言和文化的角度看《喜福会》中的母女关系
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摘要
在近三十年之间，经过华裔美国作家的努力耕耘，华裔美国文学
异军突起。谭恩美以处女作《喜福会》一举成名，成为现代继金斯
敦（其成名作为《女勇士》）之后又一成功的华裔美国女性作家。
在对亚裔美国文学特别是华裔美国文学进行了整体介绍之后，本
论文分别从语言和文化的角度分析了《喜福会》中女性处于困境的
原因，并通过比较分析两代母女关系中的继承性与发展性，进一步
探讨母女关系所反复诉说的失落感和寻求身份认同的两个主题。并
试图以对《喜福会》中母女关系意义的探讨为立足点，初步解说（女
性）华裔美国作家和华裔美国文学的发展意义及途径。
本文所试图论证和揭示的是：《喜福会》中的女性、（华裔美国作
家）谭恩美和华裔美国文学作为社会和文化的弱势群体，身处中国（东
方）和美国（西方）两个世界之间独特的两难位置，只有认识并运
用这一边缘身份独有的优势，才能消除她们（它）所长期承受的苦
痛，自信地走出被动的困境，以自己的声音宣告她们（它）一度迷
失的文化身份。
In the past thirty years, Chinese American literature has gained
growing attention through the endeavor of the Chinese American writers.
Amy Tan became known for her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, and
succeeded as another female Chinese-American writer after Maxine Hong
Kingston established her fame as the first modern female Chinese-
American writer.
After giving an overall introduction and analysis of the development
of Asia American literature and particularly, Chinese American literature
in recent years, this thesis attempts from linguistic and cultural
perspectives to probe into the reasons for the predicament faced by the
mothers and daughters in the book, The Joy Luck Club. In examining
the continuity and variation of the mother-daughter relationship, two
themes are presented of sense of loss and search for identity. The thesis
tries to extend the exploration of the meaning in the mother-daughter
relationship to the solution for the development of (female) Chinese-
American writers and also Chinese American literature.
The conclusion searched throughout the thesis is: positioned as a
minority in the predicament between the two worlds of Chinese (east) and
America (west), the women in the book, the writer Amy Tan and Chinese
American literature, will have to realize their situation and make use of
the advantage of their unique peripheral position, so as to rid of the
misery and passivity that they are suffering, step out of the dilemma with
confidence and reclaim their culture identity in their own voice.
异军突起。谭恩美以处女作《喜福会》一举成名，成为现代继金斯
敦（其成名作为《女勇士》）之后又一成功的华裔美国女性作家。
在对亚裔美国文学特别是华裔美国文学进行了整体介绍之后，本
论文分别从语言和文化的角度分析了《喜福会》中女性处于困境的
原因，并通过比较分析两代母女关系中的继承性与发展性，进一步
探讨母女关系所反复诉说的失落感和寻求身份认同的两个主题。并
试图以对《喜福会》中母女关系意义的探讨为立足点，初步解说（女
性）华裔美国作家和华裔美国文学的发展意义及途径。
本文所试图论证和揭示的是：《喜福会》中的女性、（华裔美国作
家）谭恩美和华裔美国文学作为社会和文化的弱势群体，身处中国（东
方）和美国（西方）两个世界之间独特的两难位置，只有认识并运
用这一边缘身份独有的优势，才能消除她们（它）所长期承受的苦
痛，自信地走出被动的困境，以自己的声音宣告她们（它）一度迷
失的文化身份。
In the past thirty years, Chinese American literature has gained
growing attention through the endeavor of the Chinese American writers.
Amy Tan became known for her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, and
succeeded as another female Chinese-American writer after Maxine Hong
Kingston established her fame as the first modern female Chinese-
American writer.
After giving an overall introduction and analysis of the development
of Asia American literature and particularly, Chinese American literature
in recent years, this thesis attempts from linguistic and cultural
perspectives to probe into the reasons for the predicament faced by the
mothers and daughters in the book, The Joy Luck Club. In examining
the continuity and variation of the mother-daughter relationship, two
themes are presented of sense of loss and search for identity. The thesis
tries to extend the exploration of the meaning in the mother-daughter
relationship to the solution for the development of (female) Chinese-
American writers and also Chinese American literature.
The conclusion searched throughout the thesis is: positioned as a
minority in the predicament between the two worlds of Chinese (east) and
America (west), the women in the book, the writer Amy Tan and Chinese
American literature, will have to realize their situation and make use of
the advantage of their unique peripheral position, so as to rid of the
misery and passivity that they are suffering, step out of the dilemma with
confidence and reclaim their culture identity in their own voice.
引文
Bercovitch, Sacvan (General Editor), The Cambridge History of American Literature, Volume 7: Prose Writing, 1940-1990, Cambridge University Press, 1999,p.539-671．
Braendlin, Bonnie, Mother/Daughter Dialogics in, around and about Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, Nacy Owen Nelson(ed.), Private Voices, Public Lives, Denton, TX, University of North Texas Press, 1995．
Chan, Jeffrey Paul (et. al., eds.), Introduction to The Big Aiiieeee! Chinese-American and Japanese-American Literature, New York: Meridan, 1991．
Chang , Hsiao-hung, Gender crossing in Maxine Hong Kingston's Tripmaster Monkey, MELUS; Los Angeles; Spring 1997, Ethnic youthl p66． Chen, Victoria. Chinese American women, language, and moving subjectivity,Women and Language, Spring 1995 v18 n1 p3 (5)
Cheng, Scarlet, "Amy Tan Redux," Belles Lettres, Vol. 7, No. 1, Fall, 1991, p.15,
Chiu, Simon S, Reorienting the English classroom: Asian American writers in the canon, English Journal; Urbana; Dec 1997; p.30．
Chua-Eoan, Howard G, Strangers in paradise: even as they stake claims to the American West, Asians experience the ambivalence of assimilation and the perils of prosperity, Time, April 9,1990 v135 n15 p32(4) .
Davis, Rocio G, Identity in Community in Ethnic Short Story Cycles: Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, Louise Erdrich 's Love Medicine, Gloria Naylor 's The Women of Brewster Place, Julie Brown (ed.), Ethnicity and the American Short Story, Garland Publishing, 1997, p. 3-23．
Denison, D.C., Amy Tan: An Interview with D. C. Denison, Boston Globe Magazine, July 28, 1991, P.G..
De Wind, Josh; Kasinitz, Philip; Everything old is new again? Processes and theories of immigrant incorporation The International Migration Review; New York; Winter 1997;p.1096-1111．
Gately, Particia, Ten Thousand Different Ways, Inventing Mothers, Inventing Hope, Paintbrush 22, Autumn 1995, p. 51-55
Giles, James R.; Giles Wanda H. (ed.), Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume 173: American Novelists Since World War II, Fifth Series, Detroit, MI: Gale, p.281-289．
Hamilton, Patricia L., Feng Shui, Astrology, and the Five Elements: Traditional Chinese Belief in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, MELUS, Summer 1999 v24 i2 p125．
Harrison, Patricia Marby, Genocide or Redemption? Asian American Autobiography and the Portrayal of Christianity in Amy Tan's the Joy Luck Club and Joy Kogawa 's Obasan, Christianity and Literature, Vol.46, No.2 (Winter 1997) , p. 144-168．
Heung, Marina, Daughter-Text/Mother-Text: Matrilineage in Amy Tan's Joy Luck Club, Feminist Studies 19, no.3 (Fall 1993) , p. 597-616．
LaFaye, Alexandria, The "double happiness" of biculturalism in Chinese American novels, Bookbird;Basel; 1999, p.12-17．
Lim, Shirley Geok-lin, Assaying the gold: or, contesting the ground of Asian American literature, Notes 4,5,20, 21, 23,24, New Literary History, Wntr 1993 v24 n1 p. 147 (23) .
Lim, Shirley Geok-lin, Twelve Asian American Writers: In Search of Self-Definition, Melus, Volume 13, Nos. 1&2 (Spring-Summer 1986) , p. 57-77．
Matuz, Roger(ed.), Contemporary Literary Criticism Yearbook 1989, Gale Research Inc., Detroit, MI, p. 89-99．
Mountain, Chandra Tyler, "The Struggle of Memory against Forgetting": Cultural Survival in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, Paintbrush 22, Autumn 1995, p. 39-50．
Nelson, Sara, Bone. (book reviews), People Weekly, March 15,1993 v39 n10 p34(1) .
Reid, E. Shelley, "Our Two Faces ": Balancing Mothers and Daughters in The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen God's Wife, Paintbrush 22, Autumn 1995, p. 20-38．
Shear, Walter, Generational differences and the diaspora in 'The Joy Luck Club.' (Women Writers), CRITIQUE: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, Spring 1993 v34 n3 p193(7) .
Smith, Duncan, Valuing fiction. (reading fiction is sometimes seen as a passive, non-creative activity) (Writers & Readers), Booklist, March 1,1998 v94 n13 p1094(2) .
Tan, Amy, Angst & the second novel.''The Joy Luck Club', Publishers Weekly, April 5, 1991 v238 n16 p.4(4)
Tan, Amy, Mother, Literary Cavalcade, 1992 February, p. 30-33．
Tan, Amy, Mother Tongue. In J.C.Oates (Ed.), The best American essays, 1991 (pp. 196-202) . New York: Ticknor & Fields.
Tan, Amy, The language of discretion. In C. Ricks & L. Michaels (Eds), The state of the language (pp. 25-32) . Berkeley: University of California Press.
Tan, Amy, The Joy-luck Club, Ballantine Books, 1989．
Tsai, Jeanne L; Lee, Peter A; Ying, Yu-Wen; The meaning of "being Chinese" and "being American": Variation among Chinese American young adults, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology; Thousand Oaks; May 2000, p. 302-332．
Wang, Qun, The Dialogic Richness of The Joy Luck Club, Paintbrush 12, Autumn,
1995, p.76-83
Wang, Veronica, Reality and Fantasy: The Chinese-American Woman's Quest for Identity, Melus, Volume, No.3, Fall 1985, p. 23-31. Young, Pamela, Mother with a past: the family album inspires a gifted writer, Maclean's, July 15, 1991 v104 n28 p.47(1)
Xu, Wenying, A Womanist Production of Truths: The Use of Myths in Amy Tan, Paintbrush 22, Autumn 1995, p. 56-84.
Yuan, Yuan, The Semiotics of China Narratives in the Con/texts of Kingston and Tan, Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, Spring 1999 v40 13 p292(1).
爱德华·W．赛义德(美)，《赛义德自选集》，谢少波、韩钢等译，中国社会科学出版社，1999年，北京，第一、二、六章。
陈旋波，“从林语堂到汤婷婷：中心与边缘的文化叙事”，《外国文学评论》，1995年第4期。
陈慰萱，“困惑与选择：在两个世界之间——美籍华人女作家查建英、谭爱梅、於梨华小说分析”，《国外社会科学》，1997年第5期，p．37-44。
郭萍萍，“美国文化中的中国女性-当代华裔妇女的困境与自救”，《江苏教育学院学报》(社会科学版)，2000年第1期。
韩民青，“世界文化的发展与中国文化的重新崛起”，《中国文化研究》，1997年第2期，p．9-14。
胡壮麟，刘润清，李延福合编《语言学教程》，北京大学出版社，1998年，第11章。
胡勇，“变形的龙——从《女勇士》的艺术与文化接受谈华裔文学的跨文化特征”，《四川外语学院学报》，2000年1月第16卷，第1期。
黄红娟，“海外华人女性文学综论”，《华侨大学学报》(社科版)1996年第2期，p．81-87。
姜源／刘荣，“迈向新世纪：多元化时代的比较文学”，《西南民族学院学报：哲社版》，2000年第3期。
李其荣，“1965年以来美国华人新移民的特点”，《华中师范大学学报》(哲社版)，1997年第5期。
林瑛敏(董文胜译)，“评介三位华裔女作家”，《当代外国文学》，1995年第二期，p．142。
盛宁，《人文困惑与反思》，三联书店，1999年。
申小龙，《语言与文化的现代思考》，河南人民出版社，2000年；
史蒂芬·罗，《再看西方》，林泽铨、刘景联译，上海译文出版社，1997年。
苏丁，《中西文化文学比较研究论集》，重庆出版社，1987年。
王裕秋，“近二十年来美国华裔文学的崛起”，《外国文学研究》，2000年第一期，p．114。
张怀承，《中国的家庭与伦理》，中国人民大学出版社，1988年。
张子清，“中美文化的撞击与融汇在华裔美国文学中的体现”，《外国文学评论》，1996年第10期，p．126-134。
张子清，“与亚裔美国文学共生共荣的华裔美国文学”，《外国文学评论》，2000年第一期，p．93。
郑春苗，《中西文化比较研究》，北京语言学院出版社，1992年。
姚乃强，“少数话语与移民经验——谈20世纪美国文学中的一个热点”，《解放军外语学院学报》，1997年第1期，p．78-83。
俞宁，“是‘奠基人’还是‘邪教主’?”，《外国文学》，2000年第四期，p．68。
Braendlin, Bonnie, Mother/Daughter Dialogics in, around and about Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, Nacy Owen Nelson(ed.), Private Voices, Public Lives, Denton, TX, University of North Texas Press, 1995．
Chan, Jeffrey Paul (et. al., eds.), Introduction to The Big Aiiieeee! Chinese-American and Japanese-American Literature, New York: Meridan, 1991．
Chang , Hsiao-hung, Gender crossing in Maxine Hong Kingston's Tripmaster Monkey, MELUS; Los Angeles; Spring 1997, Ethnic youthl p66． Chen, Victoria. Chinese American women, language, and moving subjectivity,Women and Language, Spring 1995 v18 n1 p3 (5)
Cheng, Scarlet, "Amy Tan Redux," Belles Lettres, Vol. 7, No. 1, Fall, 1991, p.15,
Chiu, Simon S, Reorienting the English classroom: Asian American writers in the canon, English Journal; Urbana; Dec 1997; p.30．
Chua-Eoan, Howard G, Strangers in paradise: even as they stake claims to the American West, Asians experience the ambivalence of assimilation and the perils of prosperity, Time, April 9,1990 v135 n15 p32(4) .
Davis, Rocio G, Identity in Community in Ethnic Short Story Cycles: Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, Louise Erdrich 's Love Medicine, Gloria Naylor 's The Women of Brewster Place, Julie Brown (ed.), Ethnicity and the American Short Story, Garland Publishing, 1997, p. 3-23．
Denison, D.C., Amy Tan: An Interview with D. C. Denison, Boston Globe Magazine, July 28, 1991, P.G..
De Wind, Josh; Kasinitz, Philip; Everything old is new again? Processes and theories of immigrant incorporation The International Migration Review; New York; Winter 1997;p.1096-1111．
Gately, Particia, Ten Thousand Different Ways, Inventing Mothers, Inventing Hope, Paintbrush 22, Autumn 1995, p. 51-55
Giles, James R.; Giles Wanda H. (ed.), Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume 173: American Novelists Since World War II, Fifth Series, Detroit, MI: Gale, p.281-289．
Hamilton, Patricia L., Feng Shui, Astrology, and the Five Elements: Traditional Chinese Belief in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, MELUS, Summer 1999 v24 i2 p125．
Harrison, Patricia Marby, Genocide or Redemption? Asian American Autobiography and the Portrayal of Christianity in Amy Tan's the Joy Luck Club and Joy Kogawa 's Obasan, Christianity and Literature, Vol.46, No.2 (Winter 1997) , p. 144-168．
Heung, Marina, Daughter-Text/Mother-Text: Matrilineage in Amy Tan's Joy Luck Club, Feminist Studies 19, no.3 (Fall 1993) , p. 597-616．
LaFaye, Alexandria, The "double happiness" of biculturalism in Chinese American novels, Bookbird;Basel; 1999, p.12-17．
Lim, Shirley Geok-lin, Assaying the gold: or, contesting the ground of Asian American literature, Notes 4,5,20, 21, 23,24, New Literary History, Wntr 1993 v24 n1 p. 147 (23) .
Lim, Shirley Geok-lin, Twelve Asian American Writers: In Search of Self-Definition, Melus, Volume 13, Nos. 1&2 (Spring-Summer 1986) , p. 57-77．
Matuz, Roger(ed.), Contemporary Literary Criticism Yearbook 1989, Gale Research Inc., Detroit, MI, p. 89-99．
Mountain, Chandra Tyler, "The Struggle of Memory against Forgetting": Cultural Survival in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, Paintbrush 22, Autumn 1995, p. 39-50．
Nelson, Sara, Bone. (book reviews), People Weekly, March 15,1993 v39 n10 p34(1) .
Reid, E. Shelley, "Our Two Faces ": Balancing Mothers and Daughters in The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen God's Wife, Paintbrush 22, Autumn 1995, p. 20-38．
Shear, Walter, Generational differences and the diaspora in 'The Joy Luck Club.' (Women Writers), CRITIQUE: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, Spring 1993 v34 n3 p193(7) .
Smith, Duncan, Valuing fiction. (reading fiction is sometimes seen as a passive, non-creative activity) (Writers & Readers), Booklist, March 1,1998 v94 n13 p1094(2) .
Tan, Amy, Angst & the second novel.''The Joy Luck Club', Publishers Weekly, April 5, 1991 v238 n16 p.4(4)
Tan, Amy, Mother, Literary Cavalcade, 1992 February, p. 30-33．
Tan, Amy, Mother Tongue. In J.C.Oates (Ed.), The best American essays, 1991 (pp. 196-202) . New York: Ticknor & Fields.
Tan, Amy, The language of discretion. In C. Ricks & L. Michaels (Eds), The state of the language (pp. 25-32) . Berkeley: University of California Press.
Tan, Amy, The Joy-luck Club, Ballantine Books, 1989．
Tsai, Jeanne L; Lee, Peter A; Ying, Yu-Wen; The meaning of "being Chinese" and "being American": Variation among Chinese American young adults, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology; Thousand Oaks; May 2000, p. 302-332．
Wang, Qun, The Dialogic Richness of The Joy Luck Club, Paintbrush 12, Autumn,
1995, p.76-83
Wang, Veronica, Reality and Fantasy: The Chinese-American Woman's Quest for Identity, Melus, Volume, No.3, Fall 1985, p. 23-31. Young, Pamela, Mother with a past: the family album inspires a gifted writer, Maclean's, July 15, 1991 v104 n28 p.47(1)
Xu, Wenying, A Womanist Production of Truths: The Use of Myths in Amy Tan, Paintbrush 22, Autumn 1995, p. 56-84.
Yuan, Yuan, The Semiotics of China Narratives in the Con/texts of Kingston and Tan, Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, Spring 1999 v40 13 p292(1).
爱德华·W．赛义德(美)，《赛义德自选集》，谢少波、韩钢等译，中国社会科学出版社，1999年，北京，第一、二、六章。
陈旋波，“从林语堂到汤婷婷：中心与边缘的文化叙事”，《外国文学评论》，1995年第4期。
陈慰萱，“困惑与选择：在两个世界之间——美籍华人女作家查建英、谭爱梅、於梨华小说分析”，《国外社会科学》，1997年第5期，p．37-44。
郭萍萍，“美国文化中的中国女性-当代华裔妇女的困境与自救”，《江苏教育学院学报》(社会科学版)，2000年第1期。
韩民青，“世界文化的发展与中国文化的重新崛起”，《中国文化研究》，1997年第2期，p．9-14。
胡壮麟，刘润清，李延福合编《语言学教程》，北京大学出版社，1998年，第11章。
胡勇，“变形的龙——从《女勇士》的艺术与文化接受谈华裔文学的跨文化特征”，《四川外语学院学报》，2000年1月第16卷，第1期。
黄红娟，“海外华人女性文学综论”，《华侨大学学报》(社科版)1996年第2期，p．81-87。
姜源／刘荣，“迈向新世纪：多元化时代的比较文学”，《西南民族学院学报：哲社版》，2000年第3期。
李其荣，“1965年以来美国华人新移民的特点”，《华中师范大学学报》(哲社版)，1997年第5期。
林瑛敏(董文胜译)，“评介三位华裔女作家”，《当代外国文学》，1995年第二期，p．142。
盛宁，《人文困惑与反思》，三联书店，1999年。
申小龙，《语言与文化的现代思考》，河南人民出版社，2000年；
史蒂芬·罗，《再看西方》，林泽铨、刘景联译，上海译文出版社，1997年。
苏丁，《中西文化文学比较研究论集》，重庆出版社，1987年。
王裕秋，“近二十年来美国华裔文学的崛起”，《外国文学研究》，2000年第一期，p．114。
张怀承，《中国的家庭与伦理》，中国人民大学出版社，1988年。
张子清，“中美文化的撞击与融汇在华裔美国文学中的体现”，《外国文学评论》，1996年第10期，p．126-134。
张子清，“与亚裔美国文学共生共荣的华裔美国文学”，《外国文学评论》，2000年第一期，p．93。
郑春苗，《中西文化比较研究》，北京语言学院出版社，1992年。
姚乃强，“少数话语与移民经验——谈20世纪美国文学中的一个热点”，《解放军外语学院学报》，1997年第1期，p．78-83。
俞宁，“是‘奠基人’还是‘邪教主’?”，《外国文学》，2000年第四期，p．68。