加拿大大学治理结构研究
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摘要
随着社会的高速发展,大学的角色和地位也发生着日新月异的变化,建立灵活的大学制度来适应大学内外环境的复杂化已成为高等教育的重要政策目标。大学制度的研究正如火如荼地展开,在研究中引入治理理论更是当下十分流行的分析方法,这一方法强调大学治理结构是大学制度建设的核心,合理有效的治理结构是大学成功运行的关键。我国虽是教育大国,大学的数量相当可观,且很早就提出建设世界一流大学的目标,但至今为止却只有一两所大学能够跻身世界大学百名排行榜之列。他山之石,可以攻玉。在我国的现代大学制度建设中,了解国外发达高等教育的优势所在,结合我国的实情,借鉴合理的制度安排是当前大学发展的必然选择之一。本研究认为加拿大的大学治理结构不仅具有独特性,而且它所代表的组织方向和制度逻辑是值得我国大学借鉴的。
本研究除导论和结语外,共分为四部分。第一部分是加拿大大学治理结构的历史回顾。根据大学历史上两次典型的治理结构改革,将其发展历程分为四个时期：混杂无序期、明确成型期、改革调整期、稳步提升期。第二部分是加拿大大学治理结构的现状描述。在宏观教育立法和微观大学章程的基础上,加拿大大学治理结构呈现出以“两院制”为核心的多重利益相关者共同决策的特征。第三部分是加拿大大学治理结构独特性及其产生的原因的分析。加拿大大学的治理结构虽然与英美大学的治理结构相似,但它们之间的差异性也是十分明显的。这种差异性来源于加拿大独特的政治体制和特殊的人文地理环境。第四部分是加拿大大学治理结构对我国的启示。由于组织面临的技术环境和制度环境各异,因此在借鉴他国组织理论的时候,需要考虑趋同度的问题。加拿大大学的治理结构在我国的大学并非都存在市场,但它体现的一些规律值得我国大学参考。
Along with the rapid development of social economics and politics, the role and status of the University has undergone tremendous changes. How to better serve the community, and establish a flexible university system to respond to rapid changes become important goals in higher education policy areas. Taking governance theory to analyze the whole university institution system construction is a popular and available approach. This method emphasizes that university governance structure is the core for the whole university institution system construction, reasonable and effective governance structure is the key to the successful operation of universities. As we all known, China has great power of education, the number of universities are also considerable, moreover, she sets the construction of world First-class Universities goal very long. But so far, there were only one or two universities can advance into the world First-class ranks. As you see, although higher education in Canada do not like The UK and The United States so famous just like thunder reverberating in one's ears. But in the world universities rank, there are many universities (e.g. University of Toronto, McGill University and McMaster universities, etc.) often get into the top 100 of the column. This study suggests that Canada's University Governance arrangements are not only unique, but also represent some directions of the organization and system logics. It is worthy of our universities to learn from them.
This research is divided into four parts besides introduction and conclusion. In the first part it is the review of the history of Canada university governance structure. According to the two classic reforms happened in university history, we divide it into four periods:mixed and disordered period, definite and shaped period, reformation and adjective period, steady and promotional period. In the second part, it is about status quo depict of Canada university governance structure. On the basis of macroscopic education legislation and microcosmic university constitution, Canada university governance structure takes on a characteristic that multi-stakeholder make decisions together which as the core of "bicameral". In the third part, it is about the analysis of the uniqueness and why it exists of Canada university governance structure. Although Canada university governance structure is similar with American university governance structure and English university governance structure, there is also very obvious difference between them. The diversity is due to Canada's unique political system and special human geography environment. The last part is about Canada university governance structure and its enlightenment to china. The title suggests that, for different organizes will face varies technical environment and system environment, and therefore, when learning form organization theory from other countries, one need to consider the degree of convergence problems. It is true that, not all of the governance arrangements can exist in Chinese universities, but for our country universities, some organization rules which it manifests we should also comply with.
本研究除导论和结语外,共分为四部分。第一部分是加拿大大学治理结构的历史回顾。根据大学历史上两次典型的治理结构改革,将其发展历程分为四个时期：混杂无序期、明确成型期、改革调整期、稳步提升期。第二部分是加拿大大学治理结构的现状描述。在宏观教育立法和微观大学章程的基础上,加拿大大学治理结构呈现出以“两院制”为核心的多重利益相关者共同决策的特征。第三部分是加拿大大学治理结构独特性及其产生的原因的分析。加拿大大学的治理结构虽然与英美大学的治理结构相似,但它们之间的差异性也是十分明显的。这种差异性来源于加拿大独特的政治体制和特殊的人文地理环境。第四部分是加拿大大学治理结构对我国的启示。由于组织面临的技术环境和制度环境各异,因此在借鉴他国组织理论的时候,需要考虑趋同度的问题。加拿大大学的治理结构在我国的大学并非都存在市场,但它体现的一些规律值得我国大学参考。
Along with the rapid development of social economics and politics, the role and status of the University has undergone tremendous changes. How to better serve the community, and establish a flexible university system to respond to rapid changes become important goals in higher education policy areas. Taking governance theory to analyze the whole university institution system construction is a popular and available approach. This method emphasizes that university governance structure is the core for the whole university institution system construction, reasonable and effective governance structure is the key to the successful operation of universities. As we all known, China has great power of education, the number of universities are also considerable, moreover, she sets the construction of world First-class Universities goal very long. But so far, there were only one or two universities can advance into the world First-class ranks. As you see, although higher education in Canada do not like The UK and The United States so famous just like thunder reverberating in one's ears. But in the world universities rank, there are many universities (e.g. University of Toronto, McGill University and McMaster universities, etc.) often get into the top 100 of the column. This study suggests that Canada's University Governance arrangements are not only unique, but also represent some directions of the organization and system logics. It is worthy of our universities to learn from them.
This research is divided into four parts besides introduction and conclusion. In the first part it is the review of the history of Canada university governance structure. According to the two classic reforms happened in university history, we divide it into four periods:mixed and disordered period, definite and shaped period, reformation and adjective period, steady and promotional period. In the second part, it is about status quo depict of Canada university governance structure. On the basis of macroscopic education legislation and microcosmic university constitution, Canada university governance structure takes on a characteristic that multi-stakeholder make decisions together which as the core of "bicameral". In the third part, it is about the analysis of the uniqueness and why it exists of Canada university governance structure. Although Canada university governance structure is similar with American university governance structure and English university governance structure, there is also very obvious difference between them. The diversity is due to Canada's unique political system and special human geography environment. The last part is about Canada university governance structure and its enlightenment to china. The title suggests that, for different organizes will face varies technical environment and system environment, and therefore, when learning form organization theory from other countries, one need to consider the degree of convergence problems. It is true that, not all of the governance arrangements can exist in Chinese universities, but for our country universities, some organization rules which it manifests we should also comply with.
引文
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