企业人员诚信人格结构及影响因素研究
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摘要
诚信是中华民族的传统美德,但随着我国正处于市场经济体制转型发展时期,诚信缺失已成为一个严重的社会问题。其中,企业的诚信问题尤为受人关注。企业的诚信问题,追根溯源还是要追究到企业人的诚信问题。
本研究从人格心理学角度出发,综合运用文献分析、问卷调查、自由分类、多维尺度分析和个体访谈等方法,对企业人员这一群体的诚信人格结构及影响因素进行全面探索和分析,力图揭示诚信发生发展的本质及规律。
通过对多维尺度分析发现,企业人员诚信人格结构正负向分别为4个维度,正向为:善良淳朴、诚实信用、守法敬业、乐观无私;负向为:自私乱纪、浮躁散漫、虚夸不实、阴险狡诈。与中国人“大七”人格结构及其他诚信结构研究相比较,发现有较好的契合性。同时,也表明了多维尺度分析法也是一种探索人格结构的有效方法。
对于诚信的影响因素,借助QSR Nvivo7.0对文本内容进行分析研究,结果得出:主要受个体特质与状态、文化与环境和人际互动三大类因素的影响。其中个体特质与状态因素又分为自我指向的个人特质与状态和他人指向的他人特质与状态2类;文化与环境因素又分为社会环境与文化、家庭生活与教育、道德与法律监督机制、任务与工作、危机与困境5类;人际互动因素又分为情感性交往与互动、工具性交往与互动、角色性交往与互动3类。研究发现,工具性的交往互动对诚信的影响最大。说明诚信的外延有所扩展,它不仅是一种道德规范,同时也是获取利益的一种策略和手段。
本研究立足于本土文化视角,对企业人员的诚信心理结构及影响因素进行了深入探析,揭示出诚信发生发展的本质及规律,有助于深化人们对诚信的认识,为当前的诚信建设提供一定的理论参考。
Integrity is the traditional virtue of China, but with the development and transformation of China's market economy, lack of integrity has become a serious social problem, one of which is especially of concern in enterprise’s integrity. Enterprise’s integrity still has to trace back to the entrepreneur’s integrity.
From the perspective of personality psychology, this research uses literature analysis, questionnaires, free classification, multi-dimensional scaling analysis and individual interviews etc to explore and analyze the personality structure and influencing factors of entrepreneur’s integrity. We attempt to reveal the nature and the laws of integrity’s development.
Through multi-dimensional scaling(MDS) method,the research find that positive and negative personality structure of entrepreneur’s integrity all contain four dimensions. Positive facets are goodness, credit, devotion, optimism and selflessness; negative facets are selfishness, sloth, insincerity, cunning. Compared to the Chinese "big seven" personality structure and the other structure of integrity, there is a better fit among them. It also shows that the MDS is an effective method to explore the personality structure.
For the influencing factors of the integrity, with the help of QSR Nvivo7.0, the results indicate integrity is mainly influenced by individual characteristics and state (ICS), social interaction (SI), cultural and environmental (CE) factors. In addition, ICS is divided into personal characteristics and status as well as other characteristics and status; SI is divided into the emotional, tool and character aspects’contents; CE is divided into social environment and culture, family life and education and so on. What’s more, the tool interaction is one of the most important factors. It shows that integrity is not only a kind of moral norms but also a strategy and method of gaining benefit.
This study, based on the local culture, researches about enterprise staff’s integrity psychological structure and factors, and reveals the essence of development of integrity, and helps to deepen the understanding of the current credit construction, in an attempt to provide certain theoretical reference.
本研究从人格心理学角度出发,综合运用文献分析、问卷调查、自由分类、多维尺度分析和个体访谈等方法,对企业人员这一群体的诚信人格结构及影响因素进行全面探索和分析,力图揭示诚信发生发展的本质及规律。
通过对多维尺度分析发现,企业人员诚信人格结构正负向分别为4个维度,正向为:善良淳朴、诚实信用、守法敬业、乐观无私;负向为:自私乱纪、浮躁散漫、虚夸不实、阴险狡诈。与中国人“大七”人格结构及其他诚信结构研究相比较,发现有较好的契合性。同时,也表明了多维尺度分析法也是一种探索人格结构的有效方法。
对于诚信的影响因素,借助QSR Nvivo7.0对文本内容进行分析研究,结果得出:主要受个体特质与状态、文化与环境和人际互动三大类因素的影响。其中个体特质与状态因素又分为自我指向的个人特质与状态和他人指向的他人特质与状态2类;文化与环境因素又分为社会环境与文化、家庭生活与教育、道德与法律监督机制、任务与工作、危机与困境5类;人际互动因素又分为情感性交往与互动、工具性交往与互动、角色性交往与互动3类。研究发现,工具性的交往互动对诚信的影响最大。说明诚信的外延有所扩展,它不仅是一种道德规范,同时也是获取利益的一种策略和手段。
本研究立足于本土文化视角,对企业人员的诚信心理结构及影响因素进行了深入探析,揭示出诚信发生发展的本质及规律,有助于深化人们对诚信的认识,为当前的诚信建设提供一定的理论参考。
Integrity is the traditional virtue of China, but with the development and transformation of China's market economy, lack of integrity has become a serious social problem, one of which is especially of concern in enterprise’s integrity. Enterprise’s integrity still has to trace back to the entrepreneur’s integrity.
From the perspective of personality psychology, this research uses literature analysis, questionnaires, free classification, multi-dimensional scaling analysis and individual interviews etc to explore and analyze the personality structure and influencing factors of entrepreneur’s integrity. We attempt to reveal the nature and the laws of integrity’s development.
Through multi-dimensional scaling(MDS) method,the research find that positive and negative personality structure of entrepreneur’s integrity all contain four dimensions. Positive facets are goodness, credit, devotion, optimism and selflessness; negative facets are selfishness, sloth, insincerity, cunning. Compared to the Chinese "big seven" personality structure and the other structure of integrity, there is a better fit among them. It also shows that the MDS is an effective method to explore the personality structure.
For the influencing factors of the integrity, with the help of QSR Nvivo7.0, the results indicate integrity is mainly influenced by individual characteristics and state (ICS), social interaction (SI), cultural and environmental (CE) factors. In addition, ICS is divided into personal characteristics and status as well as other characteristics and status; SI is divided into the emotional, tool and character aspects’contents; CE is divided into social environment and culture, family life and education and so on. What’s more, the tool interaction is one of the most important factors. It shows that integrity is not only a kind of moral norms but also a strategy and method of gaining benefit.
This study, based on the local culture, researches about enterprise staff’s integrity psychological structure and factors, and reveals the essence of development of integrity, and helps to deepen the understanding of the current credit construction, in an attempt to provide certain theoretical reference.
引文
1 http://www.sina.net 2008年04月25日13:36产经网-中国企业报
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格里格·津巴多.王垒,王甦译. (2006).心理学与生活.北京:人民邮电出版社.
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谭中明. (2005).社会信用管理体系:理论、模式、体制与机制.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.
吴继霞. (2009).诚信品格的养成.合肥:安徽教育出版社.
吴继霞,黄辛隐. (2007).大学生心理健康学.上海:学林出版社.
徐喜堂译注. (2001).易经上经·乾卦.广州:广州出版社.
徐秀瑛,麦晓颖译注. (2001).论语.广州:广州出版社.
约翰·纳什. (2000).纳什博弈论论文集.北京:北京经济出版社.
叶奕乾等主编. (2004).普通心理学.上海:华东师范大学出版社.
邹建平. (2005).诚信论.天津:天津人民出版社.
左丘明. (2001).左传·成公十七年.长沙:岳麓书社.
陈富国. (1990).多维标度法的理论与方法.心理科学通讯, 4,36 - 40.
陈劲. (2007).中国人诚信心理结构及其特征.博士学位论文,西南大学.
蔡海江,章可敦,杨华琴. (2005).当代大学生诚信水平与诚信观的调查.中国临床康复,9(24),85 - 87.
高淑青,廖昭铭. (2004).父母亲职经验之现象诠释:以家有青春期子女为例之初探.应用心理研究, 24,117 - 145.
管文娟,吴继霞. (2005).大学生诚信缺失行为的社会学习理论阐释.江苏大学学报(高教研究版),27(4),55-57.
桂亚莉. (2004).大学生诚信心理初步研究.硕士学位论文,西南师范大学.
黄金凤. (2008).中学生诚信态度及其影响因素研究.硕士学位论文,西南大学.
韩励,张积家. (2003).汉语亲属词概念结构的研究.广州大学学报(社会科学版),2(9), 55 - 56.
黄元男. ( 2007).中小企业发展诚信问题研究.硕士学位论文,哈尔滨工程大学.
姜晶花. (2002).大学生诚信状况调查.调查与思考, 11,90 - 92.
吉云. (2008).民营企业家诚信水平的影响因素研究—基于经理人感知角度的分析.云南社会科学, 2,105 - 108.
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