企业群体层次组织公民行为前因变量研究
|
摘要
一般而言,组织公民行为(Organizational citizenship behavior)是一种有利于组织的角色外行为和姿态,既非正式角色所强调的,也不是劳动报酬合同所约定的,而是由一系列非正式的合作行为所构成。它是与工作有关的员工自主行为,既与正式奖励制度无任何联系,又非角色内所要求的行为,但能从整体上有效地提高组织效能(Organ,1983)。为了应对愈演愈烈的竞争,越来越多的组织采用团队的形式提高组织绩效。组织结构正在从传统的金字塔式的层级结构向团队式平行结构演进,工作团队或群体成为组织中重要的社会单元,因此工作团队或群体层面的组织公民行为研究成为一个非常有前景的研究方向。本论文旨在探索在中国文化背景下影响群体层次组织公民行为的影响因素,以更好地了解群体层次组织公民行为缘何而起,为人力资源管理提供理论依据。
在回顾组织公民行为研究文献的基础之上,本研究假设程序公平气氛、群体凝聚力、组织信任、人际信任、任务依存性特征是群体层次组织公民行为的前因变量。其中群体与组织目标一致性是群体凝聚力与群体层次组织公民行为的中介变量。研究采用问卷法对西安市7家企业85个群体共计428名员工进行了调查。该研究采用相关分析、回归分析、路径分析等统计方法分析了程序公平气氛、群体凝聚力、组织信任、人际信任、任务依存性特征与群体层次组织公民行为的关系,得出了以下结论:第一,程序公平气氛、组织信任、群体凝聚力对群体层次组织公民行为存在主效应;群体凝聚力通过群体与组织目标一致性对群体层次组织公民行为产生影响;第二,人际信任分别通过群体凝聚力、群体与组织目标一致性对群体层次组织公民行为产生影响;第三,任务依存性特征的任务依赖性维度与群体层次组织公民行为呈正相关,而任务独立性维度与群体层次组织公民行为呈负相关。
最后根据研究结果对未来组织公民行为研究的重点与范围,提出了加强纵向研究、扩大研究样本量、提高统计方法、扩展结果变量研究等五项建议。
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to the individual behaviors directly or explicitly effective functioning recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the that is discretionary, not aggregate promotes the of the organization (Organ,1988). More and more organization use team to cope with fierce competition, the structure of organization is turning from traditional to team, team or group become an important unit in organization now. So Ocb in team or group level is an very potential research direction.
The current research concerns some possible antecedents of Group level of group level-citizenship behavior, as well as the moderators between antecedents and Group level-citizenship behavior. Based on previous research, We propose that five kinds of variables play important roles in Group level of Group level-citizenship behavior, including , Procedural Justice Climate, Group Cohesiveness, Organizational trust, Interpersonal trust, Task interdependence. And Group-organizational goal congruence would moderate the relationship between Group Cohesiveness and Group level-citizenship behavior. Using data collected from companies in xian of china including 85 group about 428 employees. The result indicated that: (1) Procedural Justice Climate、Group Cohesiveness、Organizational trust have significantly positive effects on Group level-citizenship behavior ; (2) Group-organizational goal congruence would moderate the relationship between Group Cohesiveness and Group level-citizenship behavior. Interpersonal trust influence Group level-citizenship behavior through Group Cohesiveness and Group-organizational goal congruence ; (3) Task interdependence is positive with Group level-citizenship behavior , Task dependence is negative with group level-citizenship behavior.
The limitation and further research direction are discussed.
在回顾组织公民行为研究文献的基础之上,本研究假设程序公平气氛、群体凝聚力、组织信任、人际信任、任务依存性特征是群体层次组织公民行为的前因变量。其中群体与组织目标一致性是群体凝聚力与群体层次组织公民行为的中介变量。研究采用问卷法对西安市7家企业85个群体共计428名员工进行了调查。该研究采用相关分析、回归分析、路径分析等统计方法分析了程序公平气氛、群体凝聚力、组织信任、人际信任、任务依存性特征与群体层次组织公民行为的关系,得出了以下结论:第一,程序公平气氛、组织信任、群体凝聚力对群体层次组织公民行为存在主效应;群体凝聚力通过群体与组织目标一致性对群体层次组织公民行为产生影响;第二,人际信任分别通过群体凝聚力、群体与组织目标一致性对群体层次组织公民行为产生影响;第三,任务依存性特征的任务依赖性维度与群体层次组织公民行为呈正相关,而任务独立性维度与群体层次组织公民行为呈负相关。
最后根据研究结果对未来组织公民行为研究的重点与范围,提出了加强纵向研究、扩大研究样本量、提高统计方法、扩展结果变量研究等五项建议。
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to the individual behaviors directly or explicitly effective functioning recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the that is discretionary, not aggregate promotes the of the organization (Organ,1988). More and more organization use team to cope with fierce competition, the structure of organization is turning from traditional to team, team or group become an important unit in organization now. So Ocb in team or group level is an very potential research direction.
The current research concerns some possible antecedents of Group level of group level-citizenship behavior, as well as the moderators between antecedents and Group level-citizenship behavior. Based on previous research, We propose that five kinds of variables play important roles in Group level of Group level-citizenship behavior, including , Procedural Justice Climate, Group Cohesiveness, Organizational trust, Interpersonal trust, Task interdependence. And Group-organizational goal congruence would moderate the relationship between Group Cohesiveness and Group level-citizenship behavior. Using data collected from companies in xian of china including 85 group about 428 employees. The result indicated that: (1) Procedural Justice Climate、Group Cohesiveness、Organizational trust have significantly positive effects on Group level-citizenship behavior ; (2) Group-organizational goal congruence would moderate the relationship between Group Cohesiveness and Group level-citizenship behavior. Interpersonal trust influence Group level-citizenship behavior through Group Cohesiveness and Group-organizational goal congruence ; (3) Task interdependence is positive with Group level-citizenship behavior , Task dependence is negative with group level-citizenship behavior.
The limitation and further research direction are discussed.
引文
1. Organ D W, 1988a, Organizational Citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome (Lexington)
2. FJ Roethlisberger, WJ Dickson, Management and the Worker: An Account Of A Research Program , Harvard University Press, 1964
3. Organ DW, a restatement of the satisfaction-performance hypothesis. Journal of management, 1988b 14 547-557
4. Katz D, Kahn R L, The social psychology of organizations (New York: Wiley),1966
5. Batsman T S, Organ DW, Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee citizenship Academic of Management Journal, 1983, 26: 587-595
6. Morrison E W, Role definitions and organizational citizenship behavior: The importance of the employee' s perspective. Academy of Management Journal , 1994,137 1543-1567
7. Podsakoff, P. M, MacKenzie S B, Paine J B, 13achrach D G, Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 2000, 26:513-563
8. Allen T D, Rush M C, The effects of organizational citizenship behavior on performance judgments: A field study and a laboratory experiment, Journal of Applied Psychology, 1998,83:247-260
9. Organ DW , Organizational citizenship behavior: It's construct clean-up time , 1997,10:85-97
10. Borman W C, Motowidlo S J, 1993 Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass)
11. Chen X, Lam S K, Schaubroeck J, et al. Group organizational citizenship behavior: A conceptualization and preliminary test of its antecedents and consequences. Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 2005, 1(2):273-300
12. , Van Dyne L, Cummings L L, Parks J M, 1995 "Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (A bridge over muddied waters), in L L Cummings and B M Staw Eds Research in Organtional Behavior 215-285 (Greenwich: Greenwich)
13.Smith C A,Organ D W,Near J P,Organizational Citizenship Behavior:Its nature and Antecedents.Journal of Applied Psychology,1983,68:653-663
14.Podsakoff & MacKenzie:Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Organizational Performance:A review research,Human Performance,and suggestions for future.1997.10(2)133-151.
15.Graham,J.w.An essay on- organizational citizenship behavior.Employee Responsibilities and Rights journal,1991,4:249-270.
16.Organ D W,The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior,in B M Staw and L L Cummings Eds.Research in organizational behavior43-?2(Greenwich,CT:Greenwich,CT)1990a
17.Organ D W,The subtle significance of job satisfaction,Clinical Laboratory Management Review.1990b 4:94-98
18.Williams L,Anderson S E,Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors" Journal of Management,1991,17:601-617
19.周明建,宝贵敏,对组织忠诚与对上司忠诚:哪个对我国企业员工影响更大?经济管理2005,7:40-42
20.Allen,T.D.,Barnard,S.Does Rush,M.C.et al.Rating of organizational citizenship behavior:make a difference? Human Resource Management Review,2000,10:97-114
21.Organ D W,Ryan K,A meta-analytic Review of attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Personnel Psychology,1995,48:775-802
22.Kerr S,Jermier J M,substitude for leadership:Their meaning and measurement,organizational behavior and human performance,1978,22:375-403
23.许多,张小林 中国组织情境下的组织公民行为,心理科学进展,2007,3:505-510
24.Farh J L,Earley P C,Lin S C,impetus for Action:A Cultural Analysis of Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Chinese Society.Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42:421-444
25.Farh J L,Zhong,C B&Organ,D W.Organizational citizenship behavior in People's Republic of China Organization Science,2004,15(2):241-253
26.张艳秋.企业员工组织公民行为结构初探.暨南大学,硕士学位论文,2003
27.罗明亮.企业绩效管理与员工组织公民行为的关系的研究.河南大学硕士学位论文,2005
28.武欣,吴志明,张德.组织公民行为研究的新视角.心理科学进展,2005,13(2):211-218.
29.George,J.M.and Bettenhausen,K.State or trait:Effects of positive mood on prosocial behaviors at work.Journal of Applied Psychology,1990,76:299-307.
30.Pearce C L,Herbik P A.Citizenship behavior at the team level of analysis:The effect of team leadership,team commitment,perceived team support and team size.The Journal of Social Psychology,2004,144(3):293-310
31.Somech A,Drach-Zahavy A.Exploring organizational citizenship behavior from an organizational perspective:The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,2004,77(3):281-298
32.Burton C U.An empirical investigation of the interrelationships of organizational culture,managerial values and organizational citizenship behavior.Doctoral dissertation of the George Washington University,2003
33.Liao H.A cross-level analysis of organizational citizenship behavior in work groups.Doctoral dissertation of the University of Minnesota,2002
34.Ehrhart,M.G.,Thomas,J.T.and Bliese,P.The incremental impact of unit-level OCB on unit effectiveness'.Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology,Orlando,FL,April.(2003).
35.Koys,D.J.The effects of employee satisfaction,organizational citizenship behavior,and turnover on organizational effectiveness:A Unit-level,longitudinal study,Personnel Psychology,2001,54:101-141.
36.丁美玲,童勋.群体工作满意感与组织公民行为之关系.南京大学学报,2005,(6):134-140
37.芦慧,阮浩.组织公民行为研究评析.商业时代.2006,6:31-32
38.斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯.组织行为学.中国人民大学出版社,2005
39.Thibaut,J.and I.Walker· Procedural Justice:A Psychological Analysis" Erlbaum,Hillsdale,NJ.1975.
40.Leventhal G S,Karuza J,Fry W R.Beyond fairness;A theory of allocation preferences.In;G Mikula ed.Justice and social interaction.NY,Springer-Verlag,1980,27-55
41.周浩,龙立人,分配公平、程序公平、互动公平影响效果的差异,心理学报,2005,37(5):687-693
42.Moorman R H,Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 1991, 78:845-855
43.. Moorman R H, The influence of cognitive and affective based Job satisfaction measures on the relationship between satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior, Human Performance, 1993, 46:759-776
44． 勒温著,竺培梁译：《拓扑心理学》。浙江教育山版社,1997
45. Schneider, B. Climate Strength: A New direction for Climate Research . Journal of App lied Psycholgy,2002,87(2).
46. James, K., & Gropanzano, R. Focus of attention and locus of control as moderators of fraternal justice effects. Social Justice Research, 1990,4:169-185.
47. Lind, E. A., Kray, L., & Thompson, L. The social construction of injustice: Fairness judgments in response to own and others' unfair treatment by authorities. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1998, 75: 1-22.
48. Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. A relational model of authority in groups. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 1992, vol. 25: 115-191. San Diego: Academic Press.
49. Mossholder, K. W., Bennett, N. and Martin, C. L. A multilevel analysis of procedural justice context. Journal of Organizational Behavior,1998,19:131 - 41.
50. Naumann, S. E. and Bennett, N. A case for procedural justice climate: Development and test of a multilevel model. Academy of Management Journal, 2000,43, 881-89.
51. Gilbert J A, Thomas T, Li-Ping. An examination of organizational trust antecedents. Public Personnel Management, 1998, 27:321-338.
52. Zaheer A, McEvily Interorganizational Perrone V. Does Trust Matter Exploring the Effects of Interpersonal Trust on Performance. Organizational Science, 1998, 9: 141-159.
53. Blau P M, 1964 Exchange and power in social life (New York: Wiley)
54. Thibaut J W, Kelly H H, 1959 The Social Psychology of Groups (New Youk: John Wiley, and Sons)
55. Yukl G, 1994 Leadership in nizations (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall)
56. McAllister D J. Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 1995, 38: 24-59.
57.Rempel J K,Holmes J G,Zanna M P.Trust in close relationships.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1985,49:95-112.
58.Mayer R C,Davis J H,Schoorman F D.An integration model of organizational trust.Academy of Management Review,1995,20:709-734.
59.Cook J,Wall T.New work attitude measures if trust,organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment.Journal of Occupational Psychology,1980,53:39-52.
60.Lewis J D,Weigert A.Trust as a social reality.Social Forces,1985,63:967-985
61.Boon S D,Holmes J G The dynamics of interpersonal trust:Resolving uncertainty in the face of risk.In Hinde R A,Groebel J.Cooperation and Prosocial Behavior.Cambridge,Cambridge University Press,1991.
62.Dennis War,Margaret A.Shaffer,Equity and relationship quality influences on organizational citizenship behaviors The mediation role of trust in the supervisor and empowerment,Personnel Review,2005,34:406-512
63.Shimon L Dolan;Shay S Tzafrir;Yehuda Baruch,Testing the causal relationships between procedural justice,Trust and organizational citizenship behavior,Revue de Gestion des Ressources Humaines,2005,57:79-89
64.Ronald C.Nyhan and Herbert A.Marlowe,JR,Organizational citizenship behavior:a case studey of culture,leadership and trust,Management Decision;2004,42:13-41
65.转引自刘敬孝,杨晓莹,连铃丽 国外群体凝聚力研究评介 外国经济与管理,2003,28(3):45-51
66.Organ,D.W.and Hamner,W.C.Organizational Behavior.Plano,TX:Business Publications,1982
67.Brief,A P & Motowidlo,S J1 Prosocial organizational behaviors,Academy of Management Review,1986,2:710 -725.
68.转引自王富祥 工作特征对组织公民行为的影响分析 科技管理 2006,6:92-93
69.Wageman.R.Interdependence and group effectiveness.Administrative Science Quarterly.1995,40:145-180
70.Pearce,J.L.,& Gregersen,H.B.Task interdependence and extra-role behavior:A test of the mediating effects of felt responsibility.Journal of Applied Psychology,1991,76:838-844
71.于海波,方俐洛,凌文辁.组织研究中的多层面问题心理科学进展 2004,12(2):462-471
72.Lawrence R.James,Robert G.Demaree,Gerrit Wolf.Estimating Within-Group Interrater Reliability With and Without Response Bias,Journal of Applied Psychology 1984 Vol 69,No 1,85-98
73.Ronald c.Nyhan,Herbert A.Marlowe,jr,Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory,Evaluation Review,1997,21(5):614-635
74.Jehn K,Mannix E A.The dynamic nature of conflict:A longitudinal study of intra group conflict and group performance.Academy of Management Journal,2001,44:238-251
75.郭晓薇.企业组织公民行为影响因素.华东师范大学博士论文,2004
2. FJ Roethlisberger, WJ Dickson, Management and the Worker: An Account Of A Research Program , Harvard University Press, 1964
3. Organ DW, a restatement of the satisfaction-performance hypothesis. Journal of management, 1988b 14 547-557
4. Katz D, Kahn R L, The social psychology of organizations (New York: Wiley),1966
5. Batsman T S, Organ DW, Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee citizenship Academic of Management Journal, 1983, 26: 587-595
6. Morrison E W, Role definitions and organizational citizenship behavior: The importance of the employee' s perspective. Academy of Management Journal , 1994,137 1543-1567
7. Podsakoff, P. M, MacKenzie S B, Paine J B, 13achrach D G, Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 2000, 26:513-563
8. Allen T D, Rush M C, The effects of organizational citizenship behavior on performance judgments: A field study and a laboratory experiment, Journal of Applied Psychology, 1998,83:247-260
9. Organ DW , Organizational citizenship behavior: It's construct clean-up time , 1997,10:85-97
10. Borman W C, Motowidlo S J, 1993 Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass)
11. Chen X, Lam S K, Schaubroeck J, et al. Group organizational citizenship behavior: A conceptualization and preliminary test of its antecedents and consequences. Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 2005, 1(2):273-300
12. , Van Dyne L, Cummings L L, Parks J M, 1995 "Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (A bridge over muddied waters), in L L Cummings and B M Staw Eds Research in Organtional Behavior 215-285 (Greenwich: Greenwich)
13.Smith C A,Organ D W,Near J P,Organizational Citizenship Behavior:Its nature and Antecedents.Journal of Applied Psychology,1983,68:653-663
14.Podsakoff & MacKenzie:Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Organizational Performance:A review research,Human Performance,and suggestions for future.1997.10(2)133-151.
15.Graham,J.w.An essay on- organizational citizenship behavior.Employee Responsibilities and Rights journal,1991,4:249-270.
16.Organ D W,The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior,in B M Staw and L L Cummings Eds.Research in organizational behavior43-?2(Greenwich,CT:Greenwich,CT)1990a
17.Organ D W,The subtle significance of job satisfaction,Clinical Laboratory Management Review.1990b 4:94-98
18.Williams L,Anderson S E,Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors" Journal of Management,1991,17:601-617
19.周明建,宝贵敏,对组织忠诚与对上司忠诚:哪个对我国企业员工影响更大?经济管理2005,7:40-42
20.Allen,T.D.,Barnard,S.Does Rush,M.C.et al.Rating of organizational citizenship behavior:make a difference? Human Resource Management Review,2000,10:97-114
21.Organ D W,Ryan K,A meta-analytic Review of attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Personnel Psychology,1995,48:775-802
22.Kerr S,Jermier J M,substitude for leadership:Their meaning and measurement,organizational behavior and human performance,1978,22:375-403
23.许多,张小林 中国组织情境下的组织公民行为,心理科学进展,2007,3:505-510
24.Farh J L,Earley P C,Lin S C,impetus for Action:A Cultural Analysis of Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Chinese Society.Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42:421-444
25.Farh J L,Zhong,C B&Organ,D W.Organizational citizenship behavior in People's Republic of China Organization Science,2004,15(2):241-253
26.张艳秋.企业员工组织公民行为结构初探.暨南大学,硕士学位论文,2003
27.罗明亮.企业绩效管理与员工组织公民行为的关系的研究.河南大学硕士学位论文,2005
28.武欣,吴志明,张德.组织公民行为研究的新视角.心理科学进展,2005,13(2):211-218.
29.George,J.M.and Bettenhausen,K.State or trait:Effects of positive mood on prosocial behaviors at work.Journal of Applied Psychology,1990,76:299-307.
30.Pearce C L,Herbik P A.Citizenship behavior at the team level of analysis:The effect of team leadership,team commitment,perceived team support and team size.The Journal of Social Psychology,2004,144(3):293-310
31.Somech A,Drach-Zahavy A.Exploring organizational citizenship behavior from an organizational perspective:The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,2004,77(3):281-298
32.Burton C U.An empirical investigation of the interrelationships of organizational culture,managerial values and organizational citizenship behavior.Doctoral dissertation of the George Washington University,2003
33.Liao H.A cross-level analysis of organizational citizenship behavior in work groups.Doctoral dissertation of the University of Minnesota,2002
34.Ehrhart,M.G.,Thomas,J.T.and Bliese,P.The incremental impact of unit-level OCB on unit effectiveness'.Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology,Orlando,FL,April.(2003).
35.Koys,D.J.The effects of employee satisfaction,organizational citizenship behavior,and turnover on organizational effectiveness:A Unit-level,longitudinal study,Personnel Psychology,2001,54:101-141.
36.丁美玲,童勋.群体工作满意感与组织公民行为之关系.南京大学学报,2005,(6):134-140
37.芦慧,阮浩.组织公民行为研究评析.商业时代.2006,6:31-32
38.斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯.组织行为学.中国人民大学出版社,2005
39.Thibaut,J.and I.Walker· Procedural Justice:A Psychological Analysis" Erlbaum,Hillsdale,NJ.1975.
40.Leventhal G S,Karuza J,Fry W R.Beyond fairness;A theory of allocation preferences.In;G Mikula ed.Justice and social interaction.NY,Springer-Verlag,1980,27-55
41.周浩,龙立人,分配公平、程序公平、互动公平影响效果的差异,心理学报,2005,37(5):687-693
42.Moorman R H,Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 1991, 78:845-855
43.. Moorman R H, The influence of cognitive and affective based Job satisfaction measures on the relationship between satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior, Human Performance, 1993, 46:759-776
44． 勒温著,竺培梁译：《拓扑心理学》。浙江教育山版社,1997
45. Schneider, B. Climate Strength: A New direction for Climate Research . Journal of App lied Psycholgy,2002,87(2).
46. James, K., & Gropanzano, R. Focus of attention and locus of control as moderators of fraternal justice effects. Social Justice Research, 1990,4:169-185.
47. Lind, E. A., Kray, L., & Thompson, L. The social construction of injustice: Fairness judgments in response to own and others' unfair treatment by authorities. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1998, 75: 1-22.
48. Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. A relational model of authority in groups. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 1992, vol. 25: 115-191. San Diego: Academic Press.
49. Mossholder, K. W., Bennett, N. and Martin, C. L. A multilevel analysis of procedural justice context. Journal of Organizational Behavior,1998,19:131 - 41.
50. Naumann, S. E. and Bennett, N. A case for procedural justice climate: Development and test of a multilevel model. Academy of Management Journal, 2000,43, 881-89.
51. Gilbert J A, Thomas T, Li-Ping. An examination of organizational trust antecedents. Public Personnel Management, 1998, 27:321-338.
52. Zaheer A, McEvily Interorganizational Perrone V. Does Trust Matter Exploring the Effects of Interpersonal Trust on Performance. Organizational Science, 1998, 9: 141-159.
53. Blau P M, 1964 Exchange and power in social life (New York: Wiley)
54. Thibaut J W, Kelly H H, 1959 The Social Psychology of Groups (New Youk: John Wiley, and Sons)
55. Yukl G, 1994 Leadership in nizations (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall)
56. McAllister D J. Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 1995, 38: 24-59.
57.Rempel J K,Holmes J G,Zanna M P.Trust in close relationships.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1985,49:95-112.
58.Mayer R C,Davis J H,Schoorman F D.An integration model of organizational trust.Academy of Management Review,1995,20:709-734.
59.Cook J,Wall T.New work attitude measures if trust,organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment.Journal of Occupational Psychology,1980,53:39-52.
60.Lewis J D,Weigert A.Trust as a social reality.Social Forces,1985,63:967-985
61.Boon S D,Holmes J G The dynamics of interpersonal trust:Resolving uncertainty in the face of risk.In Hinde R A,Groebel J.Cooperation and Prosocial Behavior.Cambridge,Cambridge University Press,1991.
62.Dennis War,Margaret A.Shaffer,Equity and relationship quality influences on organizational citizenship behaviors The mediation role of trust in the supervisor and empowerment,Personnel Review,2005,34:406-512
63.Shimon L Dolan;Shay S Tzafrir;Yehuda Baruch,Testing the causal relationships between procedural justice,Trust and organizational citizenship behavior,Revue de Gestion des Ressources Humaines,2005,57:79-89
64.Ronald C.Nyhan and Herbert A.Marlowe,JR,Organizational citizenship behavior:a case studey of culture,leadership and trust,Management Decision;2004,42:13-41
65.转引自刘敬孝,杨晓莹,连铃丽 国外群体凝聚力研究评介 外国经济与管理,2003,28(3):45-51
66.Organ,D.W.and Hamner,W.C.Organizational Behavior.Plano,TX:Business Publications,1982
67.Brief,A P & Motowidlo,S J1 Prosocial organizational behaviors,Academy of Management Review,1986,2:710 -725.
68.转引自王富祥 工作特征对组织公民行为的影响分析 科技管理 2006,6:92-93
69.Wageman.R.Interdependence and group effectiveness.Administrative Science Quarterly.1995,40:145-180
70.Pearce,J.L.,& Gregersen,H.B.Task interdependence and extra-role behavior:A test of the mediating effects of felt responsibility.Journal of Applied Psychology,1991,76:838-844
71.于海波,方俐洛,凌文辁.组织研究中的多层面问题心理科学进展 2004,12(2):462-471
72.Lawrence R.James,Robert G.Demaree,Gerrit Wolf.Estimating Within-Group Interrater Reliability With and Without Response Bias,Journal of Applied Psychology 1984 Vol 69,No 1,85-98
73.Ronald c.Nyhan,Herbert A.Marlowe,jr,Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory,Evaluation Review,1997,21(5):614-635
74.Jehn K,Mannix E A.The dynamic nature of conflict:A longitudinal study of intra group conflict and group performance.Academy of Management Journal,2001,44:238-251
75.郭晓薇.企业组织公民行为影响因素.华东师范大学博士论文,2004