不同密度选择压力下玉米耐密性鉴定及遗传性研究
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摘要
本文对高密度压力下玉米自交系选育方法,自交系和杂交种耐密性鉴定,杂种优势表现、配合力和遗传参数进行研究,共分四个方面。第一,以国内生产上应用的6大类群骨干自交系郑58、M017、昌7-2、丹340、PH6WC、PH4CV分别在6万株/hm2、7.5万株/hm2、9万株/hm2、11万株/hm2、13万株/hm2五个密度下种植,研究自交系的耐密性、抗逆性和最佳种植密度。第二,对当前主推和典型代表模式品种先玉335、郑单958、农华101、利民33、JNY301、JNY611、JNY986、JNY886采用裂区试验分别在3万株/hm2、4.5万株/hm2、6万株/hm2、7.5万株/hm2、9万株/hm2、11万株/hm2、13万株/hm2六个密度对其进行产量比较,确定每一杂交种的最佳种植密度。第三,以PHBIM×昌7-2和郑58×PH6WC为基础材料,分别在6万株/hm2、9万株/hm2、12万株/hm2、15万株/hm2的密度压力下选系,于S3代分别选出5个代表系与4个骨干系杂交构成NCII设计,对其产量表现及配合力进行分析,确定最佳选系密度。以郑58×PH6WC为基础材料,对其F2、F2、F4世代在12万株/hm2选择压力下选系,于S5代分别选出5个代表系与4个骨干系杂交构成NCII设计,对其产量表现及配合力进行分析,确定最佳选系世代。第四,在6万株/hm2、7.5万株/hm2、9万株/hm2三个密度下对玉米重要性状的杂种优势、配合力和遗传参数进行分析,探究其变化规律。通过上述研究以期为玉米高密度育种提供理论参考。
1.自交系耐密性分析
高密度压力下可以更清晰揭示性状的变异,不同类群自交系在高密度压力下其性状表现存在差异。郑58在5个密度下倒伏率低(0),双穗率较高(5.9%),空杆率低(1.1%),ASI值较低(1.95),群体产量最高时密度为7.5万株/hm2,因此抗倒性、空杆率、双穗率、ASI、群体产量是郑58的耐密优势性状,郑58的耐密性较好。PH4CV在5个密度下空杆率低(1.07),双穗率较高(9.2%),ASI值较低(1.67),秃尖短(1.48cm),群体产量最高时密度为7.5万株/hm2,因此空杆率、双穗率、ASI、秃尖、群体产量是PH4CV的耐密优势性状,PH4CV的耐密性较好。PH6WC在5个密度下空杆率高(38.9%),双穗率低(0.56%),ASI值大(2.93d),群体产量最高时密度为6万株/hm2,因此PH6WC耐密性差。Mo17在5个密度下空杆率较高(6.1%),双穗率低(0.13%),ASI值大(2.96d),群体产量最高时密度为6万株/hm2,因此Mo17耐密性中等。丹340在5个密度下空杆率高(26.8%),双穗率低(0),ASI值大(4.15d),秃尖长(2.57cm),群体产量最高时密度为6万株/hm2,因此丹340耐密性差。
2.杂交种耐密性分析
改良Reid×塘四平头模式代表杂交种郑单958的最佳产量密度为7.5万株/hm2,该模式杂交种空杆率低、倒伏率低、秃尖短表现出较强的耐密性。Reid×Lancaster模式代表杂交种先玉335的最佳产量密度为6万株/hm2,该模式杂交种空杆率高、倒伏率高不适宜密植。美杂选×旅大红骨模式代表杂交种农华101的最佳产量密度为6万株/hm2,该模式杂交种空杆率低、倒伏率低高、秃尖短,具有一定的耐密潜力。改良Reid×外杂选模式代表杂交种利民33的最佳产量密度为9万株/hm2,该模式杂交种空杆率低、倒伏率低、秃尖短,耐密性强。
3.最佳选系方法研究
选系基础材料PHB1M×昌7-2在12万株/hm2密度下选育出GCA为正值的自交系多,自交系SCA效应值变幅小,配出的高产组合数比其它密度多,因此PHB1M×昌7-2基础材料在12万株/hm2密度下选系最佳。郑58×PH6WC在9万株/hm2密度下选育出GCA为正值的自交系多,自交系SCA效应值变幅小,配出的高产组合数比其它密度多,因此郑58×PH6WC基础材料在9万株/hm2密度下选系最佳。PH6WC×郑58在F2世代密度下选育出GCA为正值的自交系多,自交系SCA效应值变幅小,配出的高产组合数比其它密度多,因此PH6WC×郑58基础材料F2代进行高密度选系最佳。
4.杂种优势表现、配合力和遗传参数分析
密度压力下不同杂交组合的杂种优势表现存在差异,密度增加杂种优势随之降低。不同密度条件下自选系和骨干系各性状的GCA存在较大差异,同一自交系在不同密度条件各性状的SCA表现出差异,密度增加与组合SCA效应变化不一致。株高、穗位、穗长、穗行数、百粒重的遗传以加性效应作用为主,秃尖和单株产量的遗传以非加性效应作用为主。株高、穗位、穗长、粒长、穗行数、百粒重的选择宜在早代进行,行粒数和单株产量的选择宜在晚代进行。
The breeding methods of maize inbred lines,inbred lines and hybrids resistant identification,heterosis, combining ability and genetic parameters under different density selection pressure were studied in this paper,what included four aspects.The first, we selected six inbred lines from domesitic maize group which were zheng58, Mo17, Chang7-2, Dan340, PH6WCand PH4CVand Researched their density-tolerance, stress tolerance and the best density under seven densities,60000plants/hm2,75000plants/hm2,90000plants/hm2,110000plants/hm2,130000plants/hm2, respectively.The second, we selected nine hybird including JNY986, JNY611, JNY886, JNY503, JNY787, xianyu335, zhengdan958and dika516. The density-tolerance and selection of the best density under seven densities, respectively,30000plants/hm2,45000plants/hm2,60000plants/hm2,75000plants/hm2,90000plants/hm2,110000plants/hm2,130000plants/hm2were researched. The third, PHB1M×chang7-2and PH6WC×zheng58as basis materials in60000plants/hm2,90000plants/hm2,120000plants/hm2,150000plants/hm2under selection pressure, S3generation were selected five representative departments and four critically excellent inbred lines forming NCII and identified the best selection density by analysing the production performance and the combining ability. On the base of zheng58xPH6WC, F2, F3and F4were selected under density of12000plants/hm2and S3generation were selected five representative departments and four critically excellent inbred lines forming NCII and identified the best selection generation by analysing the production performance and the combining ability. The fourth, under three densities including60000plants/hm2,75000plants/hm2and90000plants/hm2, heterosis and combining ability of maize were analysed and their changing regularity was also researched. Above researches provided theoretical references for breeding under high density.1. Aalysis on density-tolerance of maize inbred lines
In five densities, empty stem(0), double ears(12.3%), ASI(1.36d), ear tip length(0.61cm), yield per ha were advantage characters for Chang7-2. The density-tolerance of Chang7-2was the best. The lodging resistance(0), double ears(5.9%), empty stem(1.1%), ASI(1.95d) and yield per ha were advantage characters for Zheng58. The double ears(9.2%), empty stem(1.07%), ASI(1.67d) and yield per ha were advantage characters for PH4CV. The density-tolerance of Zheng58and PH4CV was better. The double ears、empty stem and ASI of PH6WC were0.56%,38.9%,2.93d respectively, The double ears、empty stem and ASI of Mo17were0.13%,6.1%,2.96d, respectively. The double ears、empty stem、ASI and ear tip length of Dan340were 0,26.8%,4.13d,2.57cm, respectively. The density-tolerance of PH6WC and Dan340was bad.
2. Analysis on density-tolerance of maize hybrids
The best yield density was75000plant per ha in Zhengdan958under the model of improved ReidxTangsipingtou.The short eartip, the low rate of empty stem and lodging for the hybrids under the above model, which showed the better density-tolerance. The best yield density was60000plant per ha in Xianyu335under the model of ReidxLancaster.It was not suitable to close planting for the hybrids who had the high rate of empty and lodging under the above model. The best yield density was60000plant per ha in Nonghua101under the model of USA-hybrid xLvdahonggu. The hybrids had potential on the low short eartip, the low rate of empty stem and lodging for closing planting. The best yield density was90000plant per ha in Limin33under the model of Abroad-hybridxLvdahonggu. It was suitable to close planting for the hybrids who had the low short eartip,low rate of empty and lodging under the above model.
3.Analysis on the best selection density for inbredline
All the GCA effects of inbred breeding from PHBlMxChang7-2in12000plants per ha were positive and the variation scope of SCA was small. The number of high yield hybrid more than other density.12000plants per ha was the best selecting density of inbred lines for PHB1M×Chang7-2. All the GCA effects of inbred breeding from PH6WCxZheng58in90000plants per ha were positive and the variation scope of SCA was small. The number of high yield hybrid more than other density,90000plants per ha was the best selectiong density of inbred lines for PH6WCxZheng58. All the GCA effects of inbred breeding from F2of PH6WCxzheng58were positive and the variation scope of SCA was small. The number of high yield-hybrids more than other densities, using F2of PH6WCxzheng58as basis material was the best for selecting lines under high density.
4. Analysis on heterosis, combining ability and gesnetic parameter
There were differences between the heterosis of different combinations under the density conditions, which decreased with the increasing of density. There were obvious differences between the traits of the selected and main inbred lines in GCA effects under the different density conditions.What's more,the traits of the same inbred lines in SCA effects showed differences in different density conditions t. Meanwhile, it was inconsistent in the combination of SCA effects changed with density increased. Hereditary for plant height, ear, ear length, rows per ear, kernel weight mainly to the role of additive effects, yield per plant and ear tip length mainly to the role of non-additive effects. Plant height, ear, ear length, grain length, rows per ear, kernel weight of selection should be in the early generations, rows per ear and yield per plant in the late generations.
1.自交系耐密性分析
高密度压力下可以更清晰揭示性状的变异,不同类群自交系在高密度压力下其性状表现存在差异。郑58在5个密度下倒伏率低(0),双穗率较高(5.9%),空杆率低(1.1%),ASI值较低(1.95),群体产量最高时密度为7.5万株/hm2,因此抗倒性、空杆率、双穗率、ASI、群体产量是郑58的耐密优势性状,郑58的耐密性较好。PH4CV在5个密度下空杆率低(1.07),双穗率较高(9.2%),ASI值较低(1.67),秃尖短(1.48cm),群体产量最高时密度为7.5万株/hm2,因此空杆率、双穗率、ASI、秃尖、群体产量是PH4CV的耐密优势性状,PH4CV的耐密性较好。PH6WC在5个密度下空杆率高(38.9%),双穗率低(0.56%),ASI值大(2.93d),群体产量最高时密度为6万株/hm2,因此PH6WC耐密性差。Mo17在5个密度下空杆率较高(6.1%),双穗率低(0.13%),ASI值大(2.96d),群体产量最高时密度为6万株/hm2,因此Mo17耐密性中等。丹340在5个密度下空杆率高(26.8%),双穗率低(0),ASI值大(4.15d),秃尖长(2.57cm),群体产量最高时密度为6万株/hm2,因此丹340耐密性差。
2.杂交种耐密性分析
改良Reid×塘四平头模式代表杂交种郑单958的最佳产量密度为7.5万株/hm2,该模式杂交种空杆率低、倒伏率低、秃尖短表现出较强的耐密性。Reid×Lancaster模式代表杂交种先玉335的最佳产量密度为6万株/hm2,该模式杂交种空杆率高、倒伏率高不适宜密植。美杂选×旅大红骨模式代表杂交种农华101的最佳产量密度为6万株/hm2,该模式杂交种空杆率低、倒伏率低高、秃尖短,具有一定的耐密潜力。改良Reid×外杂选模式代表杂交种利民33的最佳产量密度为9万株/hm2,该模式杂交种空杆率低、倒伏率低、秃尖短,耐密性强。
3.最佳选系方法研究
选系基础材料PHB1M×昌7-2在12万株/hm2密度下选育出GCA为正值的自交系多,自交系SCA效应值变幅小,配出的高产组合数比其它密度多,因此PHB1M×昌7-2基础材料在12万株/hm2密度下选系最佳。郑58×PH6WC在9万株/hm2密度下选育出GCA为正值的自交系多,自交系SCA效应值变幅小,配出的高产组合数比其它密度多,因此郑58×PH6WC基础材料在9万株/hm2密度下选系最佳。PH6WC×郑58在F2世代密度下选育出GCA为正值的自交系多,自交系SCA效应值变幅小,配出的高产组合数比其它密度多,因此PH6WC×郑58基础材料F2代进行高密度选系最佳。
4.杂种优势表现、配合力和遗传参数分析
密度压力下不同杂交组合的杂种优势表现存在差异,密度增加杂种优势随之降低。不同密度条件下自选系和骨干系各性状的GCA存在较大差异,同一自交系在不同密度条件各性状的SCA表现出差异,密度增加与组合SCA效应变化不一致。株高、穗位、穗长、穗行数、百粒重的遗传以加性效应作用为主,秃尖和单株产量的遗传以非加性效应作用为主。株高、穗位、穗长、粒长、穗行数、百粒重的选择宜在早代进行,行粒数和单株产量的选择宜在晚代进行。
The breeding methods of maize inbred lines,inbred lines and hybrids resistant identification,heterosis, combining ability and genetic parameters under different density selection pressure were studied in this paper,what included four aspects.The first, we selected six inbred lines from domesitic maize group which were zheng58, Mo17, Chang7-2, Dan340, PH6WCand PH4CVand Researched their density-tolerance, stress tolerance and the best density under seven densities,60000plants/hm2,75000plants/hm2,90000plants/hm2,110000plants/hm2,130000plants/hm2, respectively.The second, we selected nine hybird including JNY986, JNY611, JNY886, JNY503, JNY787, xianyu335, zhengdan958and dika516. The density-tolerance and selection of the best density under seven densities, respectively,30000plants/hm2,45000plants/hm2,60000plants/hm2,75000plants/hm2,90000plants/hm2,110000plants/hm2,130000plants/hm2were researched. The third, PHB1M×chang7-2and PH6WC×zheng58as basis materials in60000plants/hm2,90000plants/hm2,120000plants/hm2,150000plants/hm2under selection pressure, S3generation were selected five representative departments and four critically excellent inbred lines forming NCII and identified the best selection density by analysing the production performance and the combining ability. On the base of zheng58xPH6WC, F2, F3and F4were selected under density of12000plants/hm2and S3generation were selected five representative departments and four critically excellent inbred lines forming NCII and identified the best selection generation by analysing the production performance and the combining ability. The fourth, under three densities including60000plants/hm2,75000plants/hm2and90000plants/hm2, heterosis and combining ability of maize were analysed and their changing regularity was also researched. Above researches provided theoretical references for breeding under high density.1. Aalysis on density-tolerance of maize inbred lines
In five densities, empty stem(0), double ears(12.3%), ASI(1.36d), ear tip length(0.61cm), yield per ha were advantage characters for Chang7-2. The density-tolerance of Chang7-2was the best. The lodging resistance(0), double ears(5.9%), empty stem(1.1%), ASI(1.95d) and yield per ha were advantage characters for Zheng58. The double ears(9.2%), empty stem(1.07%), ASI(1.67d) and yield per ha were advantage characters for PH4CV. The density-tolerance of Zheng58and PH4CV was better. The double ears、empty stem and ASI of PH6WC were0.56%,38.9%,2.93d respectively, The double ears、empty stem and ASI of Mo17were0.13%,6.1%,2.96d, respectively. The double ears、empty stem、ASI and ear tip length of Dan340were 0,26.8%,4.13d,2.57cm, respectively. The density-tolerance of PH6WC and Dan340was bad.
2. Analysis on density-tolerance of maize hybrids
The best yield density was75000plant per ha in Zhengdan958under the model of improved ReidxTangsipingtou.The short eartip, the low rate of empty stem and lodging for the hybrids under the above model, which showed the better density-tolerance. The best yield density was60000plant per ha in Xianyu335under the model of ReidxLancaster.It was not suitable to close planting for the hybrids who had the high rate of empty and lodging under the above model. The best yield density was60000plant per ha in Nonghua101under the model of USA-hybrid xLvdahonggu. The hybrids had potential on the low short eartip, the low rate of empty stem and lodging for closing planting. The best yield density was90000plant per ha in Limin33under the model of Abroad-hybridxLvdahonggu. It was suitable to close planting for the hybrids who had the low short eartip,low rate of empty and lodging under the above model.
3.Analysis on the best selection density for inbredline
All the GCA effects of inbred breeding from PHBlMxChang7-2in12000plants per ha were positive and the variation scope of SCA was small. The number of high yield hybrid more than other density.12000plants per ha was the best selecting density of inbred lines for PHB1M×Chang7-2. All the GCA effects of inbred breeding from PH6WCxZheng58in90000plants per ha were positive and the variation scope of SCA was small. The number of high yield hybrid more than other density,90000plants per ha was the best selectiong density of inbred lines for PH6WCxZheng58. All the GCA effects of inbred breeding from F2of PH6WCxzheng58were positive and the variation scope of SCA was small. The number of high yield-hybrids more than other densities, using F2of PH6WCxzheng58as basis material was the best for selecting lines under high density.
4. Analysis on heterosis, combining ability and gesnetic parameter
There were differences between the heterosis of different combinations under the density conditions, which decreased with the increasing of density. There were obvious differences between the traits of the selected and main inbred lines in GCA effects under the different density conditions.What's more,the traits of the same inbred lines in SCA effects showed differences in different density conditions t. Meanwhile, it was inconsistent in the combination of SCA effects changed with density increased. Hereditary for plant height, ear, ear length, rows per ear, kernel weight mainly to the role of additive effects, yield per plant and ear tip length mainly to the role of non-additive effects. Plant height, ear, ear length, grain length, rows per ear, kernel weight of selection should be in the early generations, rows per ear and yield per plant in the late generations.
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