氮素营养对不同种植方式小麦玉米品质影响的比较研究
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摘要
本研究以间套作小麦玉米、单作小麦和单作玉米为研究对象，通过田间试验研究了在间套作和单作条件下氮素营养对小麦、玉米品质的影响以及产量和品质的关系，并对氮素营养影响小麦、玉米品质的机理进行了探讨。获得的主要结果为：
1．间套作小麦和单作小麦相比具有明显的间套作品质优势，且间作小麦表现出明显的边行品质优势。在同一施氮水平下，间套作小麦的蛋白质含量、沉淀值、干、湿面筋含量等品质指标均明显高于单作小麦，并相应提高了14.78％、11.01％、3.42％、4.45％。间套作小麦边行的蛋白质含量、沉淀值、干、湿面筋含量等品质指标明显高于内行小麦，分别较内行提高了20.12％、6.23％、23.26％、11.31％。
2．施氨水平显著影响单作和间套作小麦的品质指标，间套作小麦的蛋白质含量、沉淀值、干、湿面筋含量，在施氮量为300kg／hm~2时，比对照(CK)分别提高了23.88％、12.95％、17.71％和14.83％；单作小麦的上述指标在施氮量为450kg／hm~2时，比对照(CK)分别提高了28.46％、11.21％、18.28％和12.68％。
3．间套作玉米和单作玉米相比则表现出明显的间套作品质劣势。在同一施氮水平下，间套作玉米的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、百粒重等品质指标明显低于单作玉米，并相应降低了15.31％、14.93％和40.62％。施氮水平显著影响间套作玉米的品质指标，施氮与不施氮对间套作玉米的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、百粒重等品质指标的影响均达到显著水平。
4．间套作玉米同一施氮时期不同施氮比例对间套作小麦品质指标的影响
差异不明显，但以玉米基肥、大喇叭口肥、灌浆肥比例为3：61时，小麦的品
质指标最高，其蛋白质含量、沉淀值和湿面筋含量分别为 11．87％、42．lml
和33．53％；间套作小麦孕穗期追施氮肥其品质指标明显高于全部基施和拔节
期追施：间套作小麦后期施氮对提高玉米的品质指标也是有利的，而且随着
单作和间套作玉米施氮时期后延，玉米蛋白质含量提高。
5．在ON50kpeZ施氮范围内，随着施氮水平的提高，间套作小麦产量
呈上升趋势，当施氮水平为450k归2时，其品质指标却开始下降；而单作
小麦在施氮水平为 450k帅‘时，其品质指标提高，产量则开始下降；单作
玉米的产量和品质指标的变化和间套作小麦相同，间套作玉米的产量和品质
指标的变化和单作小麦一致。而相关分析表明，单作和间套作小麦玉米的品
质指标与其产量之间都呈弱正相关。
6．在同一施氮水平下，间套作小麦旗叶叶绿素含量大于相应单作；小麦
灌浆中期旗叶叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量、沉淀值之间都呈显著正相关h分
别为0．960＊，0．9488，0．968“，0．957“）。在相同施氮水平下，单作玉米叶绿素含
量高于相应间套作玉米；单作和间套作玉米灌浆中期叶绿素含量与其蛋白质
含量之间也呈显著正相关什分别为0．861＊，0．870“）。
7．在同一施氮水平下，间套作小麦花前氮同化量和总氮同化量都大于相
应单作小麦，而间套作小麦花后氮同化量却小于相应单作小麦：单作和间套
作小麦总氮同化量与其蛋白质含量、沉淀值之间呈显著正相关）分别为
0．936”，0．osv”，0．gss“，0．90s＊）。
This study compared the effect of nitrogen nutrition on quality of wheat/maize intercropping with that of sole wheat and sole maize. The results obtained were as follows:
1. There were significant quality advantages of intercropped wheat compared with sole wheat. Under the same nitrogen application condition, protein content, sedimentation value, dry gluten and wet gluten of intercropped wheat were increased by 14.78%, 11.01%, 3.42% and 4.45% respectively, compared with sole wheat. Moreover, the protein content, sedimentation value, dry gluten and wet gluten in the border rows of intercropped wheat were higher by 20%, 6%, 23% and 11% respectively than those of inner rows.
2. The effects of nitrogen application on protein content, sedimentation value, dry gluten and wet gluten of both intercropped wheat and sole wheat were evident according to statistic analysis.
3. There were significant quality disadvantages of intercropped maize compared with the sole. Under the same nitrogen application condition, the contents of protein, oil and one hundred kernel weight of intercropped maize were decreased by 15.3%, 14.9% and 40.6%, compared with sole maize. The effects of nitrogen application on the contents of protein, oil and one hundred kernel weight of maize were evident according to statistic analysis.
4. The effect of different nitrogen application proportion of
maize on quality property of intercropped wheat wasn't evident . With the same amount of nitrogen application, deferring top-dressing time improved the quality of wheat and maize.
5. Grain yield and quality of both intercropped and sole wheat, maize were improved while the amount of Nitrogen application increased from 0 to 300kg/hm2. The regression analysis showed that the quality property of both intercropped and sole wheat, maize were weakly correlated to their grain yield respectively. Under the condition of this experiment, the amount of 300kg/hm2 nitrogen application could improved quality and yield simultaneously.
6. With the same nitrogen application, chlorophyll content of intercropped wheat was higher than that of sole, while chlorophyll content of intercropped maize was lower than that of sole maize. Chlorophyll content of intercropped and sole wheat at middle grain filling stage was separately positively correlated to protein content, sedimentation value (r=0.960*, 0.948*, 0.968*, 0.957*, respectively). Moreover, the chlorophyll contents of intercropped maize and sole maize at middle grain filling stage were separately positively correlated to protein content(r=0.861* , 0.870*, respectively).
7. Under the same nitrogen application condition, both nitrogen assimilation pre-anthesis and total nitrogen assimilation of intercropped wheat were higher than those of sole wheat, while nitrogen assimilation after-anthesis of intercropped wheat was lower than that of the sole. Total nitrogen assimilation of both sole wheat and the intercropped were positively correlated to protein content, sedimentation value respectively (r=0.936* , 0.987* , 0.955* , 0.998*).
1．间套作小麦和单作小麦相比具有明显的间套作品质优势，且间作小麦表现出明显的边行品质优势。在同一施氮水平下，间套作小麦的蛋白质含量、沉淀值、干、湿面筋含量等品质指标均明显高于单作小麦，并相应提高了14.78％、11.01％、3.42％、4.45％。间套作小麦边行的蛋白质含量、沉淀值、干、湿面筋含量等品质指标明显高于内行小麦，分别较内行提高了20.12％、6.23％、23.26％、11.31％。
2．施氨水平显著影响单作和间套作小麦的品质指标，间套作小麦的蛋白质含量、沉淀值、干、湿面筋含量，在施氮量为300kg／hm~2时，比对照(CK)分别提高了23.88％、12.95％、17.71％和14.83％；单作小麦的上述指标在施氮量为450kg／hm~2时，比对照(CK)分别提高了28.46％、11.21％、18.28％和12.68％。
3．间套作玉米和单作玉米相比则表现出明显的间套作品质劣势。在同一施氮水平下，间套作玉米的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、百粒重等品质指标明显低于单作玉米，并相应降低了15.31％、14.93％和40.62％。施氮水平显著影响间套作玉米的品质指标，施氮与不施氮对间套作玉米的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、百粒重等品质指标的影响均达到显著水平。
4．间套作玉米同一施氮时期不同施氮比例对间套作小麦品质指标的影响
差异不明显，但以玉米基肥、大喇叭口肥、灌浆肥比例为3：61时，小麦的品
质指标最高，其蛋白质含量、沉淀值和湿面筋含量分别为 11．87％、42．lml
和33．53％；间套作小麦孕穗期追施氮肥其品质指标明显高于全部基施和拔节
期追施：间套作小麦后期施氮对提高玉米的品质指标也是有利的，而且随着
单作和间套作玉米施氮时期后延，玉米蛋白质含量提高。
5．在ON50kpeZ施氮范围内，随着施氮水平的提高，间套作小麦产量
呈上升趋势，当施氮水平为450k归2时，其品质指标却开始下降；而单作
小麦在施氮水平为 450k帅‘时，其品质指标提高，产量则开始下降；单作
玉米的产量和品质指标的变化和间套作小麦相同，间套作玉米的产量和品质
指标的变化和单作小麦一致。而相关分析表明，单作和间套作小麦玉米的品
质指标与其产量之间都呈弱正相关。
6．在同一施氮水平下，间套作小麦旗叶叶绿素含量大于相应单作；小麦
灌浆中期旗叶叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量、沉淀值之间都呈显著正相关h分
别为0．960＊，0．9488，0．968“，0．957“）。在相同施氮水平下，单作玉米叶绿素含
量高于相应间套作玉米；单作和间套作玉米灌浆中期叶绿素含量与其蛋白质
含量之间也呈显著正相关什分别为0．861＊，0．870“）。
7．在同一施氮水平下，间套作小麦花前氮同化量和总氮同化量都大于相
应单作小麦，而间套作小麦花后氮同化量却小于相应单作小麦：单作和间套
作小麦总氮同化量与其蛋白质含量、沉淀值之间呈显著正相关）分别为
0．936”，0．osv”，0．gss“，0．90s＊）。
This study compared the effect of nitrogen nutrition on quality of wheat/maize intercropping with that of sole wheat and sole maize. The results obtained were as follows:
1. There were significant quality advantages of intercropped wheat compared with sole wheat. Under the same nitrogen application condition, protein content, sedimentation value, dry gluten and wet gluten of intercropped wheat were increased by 14.78%, 11.01%, 3.42% and 4.45% respectively, compared with sole wheat. Moreover, the protein content, sedimentation value, dry gluten and wet gluten in the border rows of intercropped wheat were higher by 20%, 6%, 23% and 11% respectively than those of inner rows.
2. The effects of nitrogen application on protein content, sedimentation value, dry gluten and wet gluten of both intercropped wheat and sole wheat were evident according to statistic analysis.
3. There were significant quality disadvantages of intercropped maize compared with the sole. Under the same nitrogen application condition, the contents of protein, oil and one hundred kernel weight of intercropped maize were decreased by 15.3%, 14.9% and 40.6%, compared with sole maize. The effects of nitrogen application on the contents of protein, oil and one hundred kernel weight of maize were evident according to statistic analysis.
4. The effect of different nitrogen application proportion of
maize on quality property of intercropped wheat wasn't evident . With the same amount of nitrogen application, deferring top-dressing time improved the quality of wheat and maize.
5. Grain yield and quality of both intercropped and sole wheat, maize were improved while the amount of Nitrogen application increased from 0 to 300kg/hm2. The regression analysis showed that the quality property of both intercropped and sole wheat, maize were weakly correlated to their grain yield respectively. Under the condition of this experiment, the amount of 300kg/hm2 nitrogen application could improved quality and yield simultaneously.
6. With the same nitrogen application, chlorophyll content of intercropped wheat was higher than that of sole, while chlorophyll content of intercropped maize was lower than that of sole maize. Chlorophyll content of intercropped and sole wheat at middle grain filling stage was separately positively correlated to protein content, sedimentation value (r=0.960*, 0.948*, 0.968*, 0.957*, respectively). Moreover, the chlorophyll contents of intercropped maize and sole maize at middle grain filling stage were separately positively correlated to protein content(r=0.861* , 0.870*, respectively).
7. Under the same nitrogen application condition, both nitrogen assimilation pre-anthesis and total nitrogen assimilation of intercropped wheat were higher than those of sole wheat, while nitrogen assimilation after-anthesis of intercropped wheat was lower than that of the sole. Total nitrogen assimilation of both sole wheat and the intercropped were positively correlated to protein content, sedimentation value respectively (r=0.936* , 0.987* , 0.955* , 0.998*).
引文
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