烯效唑对小麦分蘖成穗生理和籽粒品质的调控研究
|
摘要
本文以绵阳26为供试材料，试验研究了不同烯效唑拌种浓度(0、10、20、40mg/kg)对不同播种密度(90、180、270×104、hm~2)下小麦分蘖成穗生理、籽粒品质的调节，对分蘖成穗过程分蘖节中的内源激素(1AA、GA_3、ZT、ABA)、可溶性糖、全氮的影响；以及籽粒蛋白质含量和组分，沉降值、吸水率等粉质参数的效应，结果表明：
1、烯效唑处理后，分蘖前期(出苗后50天之内)低节位分蘖特别是第1、第2分蘖的发生加快，烯效唑浓度越高，达到最大分蘖速度的时间越早；分蘖后期(出苗后50天之后)分蘖速度减慢，高浓度B3(40mg/kg)的分蘖速度比B2、B1及BO提早10d。烯效唑提高了孕穗后期单位面积的茎蘖数，分蘖成穗率高，单株穗数和单位面积有效穗增多，其中以B2(20mg/kg)最优，从而增大了后期的库容。
2、烯效唑处理后，分蘖节IAA的含量减少，ZT含量提高，因而有利于分蘖的发生；GA_3含量为前期降低后期升高；ABA含量则显著低于对照；IAA/ZT比值明显降低，且以分蘖盛期降低幅度最大，分蘖后期进入两极分化IAA/ZT比值持续上升，因此对分蘖早发生、多发生进而提高成穗率有很好的效果；整个分蘖过程中，IAA/ABA、ZT/ABA、GA_3/ABA比值均高于对照。
3、烯效唑处理提高了分蘖节、叶片、茎杆和穗中的全氮含量和分蘖节中的糖含量。分蘖初期的糖氮比值升高，分蘖期至拔节期的糖氮比值降低。烯效唑对氮代谢的促进作用大于对糖代谢。烯效唑浓度加大，氮代谢增强；烯效唑提高了成熟期茎、叶、穗中的含氮量，且对主茎的效应大于分蘖。
4、烯效唑对小麦生育后期冠层叶叶面积、旗叶的净光合速率(Pn)有显著提高作用，从而增强了小麦的发育优势；另一方面，烯效唑使小麦的净光合速率(Pn)对密度的适应范围增大，表明烯效唑保证了较高密度下小麦增产的物质供应。
5、烯效唑处理对小麦有显著增产作用，以20mg/kg为佳。主要在于烯效唑处理促进了分蘖成穗和增加了群体有效穗数，在一定基本苗和穗数范围内，弥补了穗数增加带来的穗粒数、粒重负增长，烯效唑对千粒重也有一定提高。
6、烯效唑处理提高了小麦籽粒中蛋白质的含量，随烯效唑浓度的增加效应加大；同时改善了蛋白质组分，提高了清蛋白、球蛋白及其两者之和以及醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白及其两者之和，对清蛋白、球蛋白及其两者之和以B2的效果最好，对醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白及其两者之和是随浓度的升高效应增大，烯效唑对醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白及其两者之和的增效作用更大。
7、烯效哩处理对小麦面粉的粉质特性有不同程度的影响，提高了面粉的加工品
质。主要在于面粉的湿面筋含量、沉降值、面团形成时间、面团稳定时间、面团断
裂时间的提高和软化度、公差指数的降低，最终使评价值提高。
研究结果表明，烯效哇处理后在较大基本苗群体条件下，不仅能获得高产，而
且可有效改善品质，说明烯效哇在协调产量与品质的关系上具有显著的优势。烯效
哩拌种提高分荚成穗率的主要原因是改善了分蔡节内的激素平衡和碳氮代谢；后期
通过增加冠层叶面积、提高净光合速率和促进光合产物向穗部的运输，提高产量、
改善品质。
The effects of S-3307 (Uniconazole) applied to seeds with different concentrations (0、10、20、40mg/kg) and densities (90、180、270 X 10~4/hm~2) on tiller-earing and wheat quality of wheat c.v. (Mianyang 26) were studied in the paper. The results shows as followings:
1. S-3307 Treatments promoted tiller generation in lower position, especially the first, second tiller in the early tillering stage (within 50 days after emergence), the higher the concentrations, the time to the fast speed earlier. In the late stage (behinde 50 days after emergence), tiller appearance speed for S-3307 Treatments was slower than that of control and the highest concentrations (B3) was 10 days earlier than other Treatmentss (B2, Bl, BO). As the result, the percentage of tiller emergence and tiller-earing was increased by S-3307 Treatments, among them 20mg/kg was the best. The plant population per unit after booting stage for S-3307 Treatments was significantly higher than that of control, so the ear capacity was increased.
2. S-3307 Treatments decreased IAA content in tillering node, while it largly improve ZT content, which were benifited for tiller appearance. S-3307 Treatments reduced the GAa content in the early stage while rose the GAa content in later stage. The content of ABA for S-3307 Treatments was significantly lower than that of control. Moreover, IAA/ZT ratio decreased and the lowest was in top tillering stage. Which was sustainabilitly increase from late tillering stage to booting stage, so S-3307 Treatments have advatage to tiller appearance earlier and more. IAA/ABA, ZT/ABA, GAs/ABA ratio were more than that of control.
3. S-3307 Treatments significantly enhanced the nitrogen metabolism and carbohydrate in tiller node. The ratio of sugar and nitrogen increased in the early tillering stage while decreased in the joiting stage to booting stage. And the effects of S-3307 on nitrogen metabolism was higher than carbohydrate metabolism. With the concentrations rose, the nitrogen metabolism vigoroused, the contents of nitrogen accumulate in ear, stem and leaf were more than that of control, and the effect on main stem was bigger than on tiller.
4. S-3307 Treatments significantly increase the canopy leaf area and flag leaf net photosynthetic rate, so enhanced wheat growth. Moreover, S-3307 Treatments ensured
high density have high net photosynthetic rate.
5. S-3307 Treatments significantly increase the wheat yield, and 20mg/kg was the best, the main reason was the percentage of tiller-earing and populaton ear capacity were largly enhanced by S-3307 Treatments. Which remedy the ear grain number and grain weight declining vs ear number increase at some density, the grain weight rised also.
6. The protein was significantly higher for S-3307 Treatments than that of control, and with the concentrations enhanced, the effect rose. The albumins and globulins were significantly increased, about which B3 was the best. With S-3307 concentrations increase, the contents of glutenins and gliadins increased .
7. S-3307 Treatments had different effects on farinogram index, which improved the processing quality. Among them the main effects of S-3307 were increased the ZSV(Zeleny sedimentation volume),WGC(wet gluten content), DDT(dough development time), DST(dough stable time), DBT(dough breakdown time),decreased the MTI(mixing tolerance index), DS(degree of softening),so made the V.V.(Valorimenter value) higher.
Therefore, it was suggested that S-3307 Treatments had significantly effects on assorting with yield and quality, it not only could promote yield, but also improve quality effectively. The action of S-3307 on increasing tiller-earing percentage was correlated with the tiller node endogenous hormones and carbon and nitrogen metabolis. And enhanced canopy leaf area, flag leaf net photosynthetic rate and plant nitrogen distribution among each orger, with the result the yield was increased and the grain quality was improved.
1、烯效唑处理后，分蘖前期(出苗后50天之内)低节位分蘖特别是第1、第2分蘖的发生加快，烯效唑浓度越高，达到最大分蘖速度的时间越早；分蘖后期(出苗后50天之后)分蘖速度减慢，高浓度B3(40mg/kg)的分蘖速度比B2、B1及BO提早10d。烯效唑提高了孕穗后期单位面积的茎蘖数，分蘖成穗率高，单株穗数和单位面积有效穗增多，其中以B2(20mg/kg)最优，从而增大了后期的库容。
2、烯效唑处理后，分蘖节IAA的含量减少，ZT含量提高，因而有利于分蘖的发生；GA_3含量为前期降低后期升高；ABA含量则显著低于对照；IAA/ZT比值明显降低，且以分蘖盛期降低幅度最大，分蘖后期进入两极分化IAA/ZT比值持续上升，因此对分蘖早发生、多发生进而提高成穗率有很好的效果；整个分蘖过程中，IAA/ABA、ZT/ABA、GA_3/ABA比值均高于对照。
3、烯效唑处理提高了分蘖节、叶片、茎杆和穗中的全氮含量和分蘖节中的糖含量。分蘖初期的糖氮比值升高，分蘖期至拔节期的糖氮比值降低。烯效唑对氮代谢的促进作用大于对糖代谢。烯效唑浓度加大，氮代谢增强；烯效唑提高了成熟期茎、叶、穗中的含氮量，且对主茎的效应大于分蘖。
4、烯效唑对小麦生育后期冠层叶叶面积、旗叶的净光合速率(Pn)有显著提高作用，从而增强了小麦的发育优势；另一方面，烯效唑使小麦的净光合速率(Pn)对密度的适应范围增大，表明烯效唑保证了较高密度下小麦增产的物质供应。
5、烯效唑处理对小麦有显著增产作用，以20mg/kg为佳。主要在于烯效唑处理促进了分蘖成穗和增加了群体有效穗数，在一定基本苗和穗数范围内，弥补了穗数增加带来的穗粒数、粒重负增长，烯效唑对千粒重也有一定提高。
6、烯效唑处理提高了小麦籽粒中蛋白质的含量，随烯效唑浓度的增加效应加大；同时改善了蛋白质组分，提高了清蛋白、球蛋白及其两者之和以及醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白及其两者之和，对清蛋白、球蛋白及其两者之和以B2的效果最好，对醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白及其两者之和是随浓度的升高效应增大，烯效唑对醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白及其两者之和的增效作用更大。
7、烯效哩处理对小麦面粉的粉质特性有不同程度的影响，提高了面粉的加工品
质。主要在于面粉的湿面筋含量、沉降值、面团形成时间、面团稳定时间、面团断
裂时间的提高和软化度、公差指数的降低，最终使评价值提高。
研究结果表明，烯效哇处理后在较大基本苗群体条件下，不仅能获得高产，而
且可有效改善品质，说明烯效哇在协调产量与品质的关系上具有显著的优势。烯效
哩拌种提高分荚成穗率的主要原因是改善了分蔡节内的激素平衡和碳氮代谢；后期
通过增加冠层叶面积、提高净光合速率和促进光合产物向穗部的运输，提高产量、
改善品质。
The effects of S-3307 (Uniconazole) applied to seeds with different concentrations (0、10、20、40mg/kg) and densities (90、180、270 X 10~4/hm~2) on tiller-earing and wheat quality of wheat c.v. (Mianyang 26) were studied in the paper. The results shows as followings:
1. S-3307 Treatments promoted tiller generation in lower position, especially the first, second tiller in the early tillering stage (within 50 days after emergence), the higher the concentrations, the time to the fast speed earlier. In the late stage (behinde 50 days after emergence), tiller appearance speed for S-3307 Treatments was slower than that of control and the highest concentrations (B3) was 10 days earlier than other Treatmentss (B2, Bl, BO). As the result, the percentage of tiller emergence and tiller-earing was increased by S-3307 Treatments, among them 20mg/kg was the best. The plant population per unit after booting stage for S-3307 Treatments was significantly higher than that of control, so the ear capacity was increased.
2. S-3307 Treatments decreased IAA content in tillering node, while it largly improve ZT content, which were benifited for tiller appearance. S-3307 Treatments reduced the GAa content in the early stage while rose the GAa content in later stage. The content of ABA for S-3307 Treatments was significantly lower than that of control. Moreover, IAA/ZT ratio decreased and the lowest was in top tillering stage. Which was sustainabilitly increase from late tillering stage to booting stage, so S-3307 Treatments have advatage to tiller appearance earlier and more. IAA/ABA, ZT/ABA, GAs/ABA ratio were more than that of control.
3. S-3307 Treatments significantly enhanced the nitrogen metabolism and carbohydrate in tiller node. The ratio of sugar and nitrogen increased in the early tillering stage while decreased in the joiting stage to booting stage. And the effects of S-3307 on nitrogen metabolism was higher than carbohydrate metabolism. With the concentrations rose, the nitrogen metabolism vigoroused, the contents of nitrogen accumulate in ear, stem and leaf were more than that of control, and the effect on main stem was bigger than on tiller.
4. S-3307 Treatments significantly increase the canopy leaf area and flag leaf net photosynthetic rate, so enhanced wheat growth. Moreover, S-3307 Treatments ensured
high density have high net photosynthetic rate.
5. S-3307 Treatments significantly increase the wheat yield, and 20mg/kg was the best, the main reason was the percentage of tiller-earing and populaton ear capacity were largly enhanced by S-3307 Treatments. Which remedy the ear grain number and grain weight declining vs ear number increase at some density, the grain weight rised also.
6. The protein was significantly higher for S-3307 Treatments than that of control, and with the concentrations enhanced, the effect rose. The albumins and globulins were significantly increased, about which B3 was the best. With S-3307 concentrations increase, the contents of glutenins and gliadins increased .
7. S-3307 Treatments had different effects on farinogram index, which improved the processing quality. Among them the main effects of S-3307 were increased the ZSV(Zeleny sedimentation volume),WGC(wet gluten content), DDT(dough development time), DST(dough stable time), DBT(dough breakdown time),decreased the MTI(mixing tolerance index), DS(degree of softening),so made the V.V.(Valorimenter value) higher.
Therefore, it was suggested that S-3307 Treatments had significantly effects on assorting with yield and quality, it not only could promote yield, but also improve quality effectively. The action of S-3307 on increasing tiller-earing percentage was correlated with the tiller node endogenous hormones and carbon and nitrogen metabolis. And enhanced canopy leaf area, flag leaf net photosynthetic rate and plant nitrogen distribution among each orger, with the result the yield was increased and the grain quality was improved.
引文
1．潘瑞炽．植物生长延缓剂的生化效应[J]，植物生理学通讯，1996，32(3)：161-168
2．田晓莉，于运华，段留生，等．作物化学控制技术增产潜力[J]，作物杂志，1997，4：7-9
3．殷琛，张国平．大麦不同粒位粒重和蛋白质含量及发芽整齐度研究[J]，浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，2001，27(2)
4．朱木兰，何觉民．烯效唑对作物的生理效应及应用效果[J]，作物研究，1999(2)：40-43
5．赵会杰，郭天财，邹琦，等．不同穗型小麦品种分蘖发育的代谢基础研究[J]，西北植物学报，2002，22(2)：215-220
6．高松洁，王文静，夏国军，等．三唑类物质对小麦灌浆期生理特性及产量形状的影响[J]，河南农业大学学报，1999，33(4)：333-335
7．王向阳，彭文博，赵会杰，等．植物生长调节剂对旗叶生理特性及粒重的影响[J]，河南农业大学学报，1999，27(1)：6-9
8．王法宏，王旭清，任德昌，等．小麦不同成穗类型品种群体根系活性与成穗数的关系，山东农业科学[J]，1999，2：12-14
9．梁雪莲，杨文钰．不同播期下烯效唑拌种对小麦生育进程与小穗数的影响[J]，四川农业大学学报，1998，16(4)：398-402
10．梁雪莲，杨文钰．烯效唑拌种对小麦形态及营养的调节效应[J]，四川农业大学学报，1998，16(4)：403-406
11．廖利民，韩碧文，何仲佩．S-3307和PP_(333)对小麦某些生理特性的影响[J]，植物生理学通讯，1990，(3)：28-31
12．沈岳清，盛亚红，盛敏智，等．烯效唑(S-3307)处理小麦种子的若干生理效应．上海农学报，1993，9(4)：75-78．
13．何荣鹤，钱苗兴．浅谈烯效唑的调节功能与应用技术[J]，农业科技通讯，1998，(9)：27-28
14．张国平，蔡仁祥，陈锦新．氮肥运筹和烯效唑对小麦形态发育和器官建成的影响[J]，浙江农业学报，1998，10(1)：18-22
15．鲍正发，郑寨生，等．S-3307在小麦上应用的效果及技术研究[J]，浙江农业大学学报，1996，22(1)：103-104
16．张国平，等．氮肥运筹和烯效唑对小麦干物质和氮积累的影响[J]，浙江农业大学学报 1998，24(2)：174-178
17．王宪泽，李菡，于振文，等．小麦籽粒品质性状影响面条品质的通径分析[J]，作物学报，2002，28(2)：240-244
18．刘会宁，朱建强．多效唑作用机理及其在落叶果树上的应用[J]，湖北农学院学报．2001，21(1)：80-85
19．黄新华，张格成．天然芸薹素对水稻、大豆、小麦和蔬菜的优生作用[J]，农药，2000，39(3)：40-41
20．何钟佩．作物激素生理及化学控制[M]，北京：中国农业大学出版社，1997
21．张军，韩碧文，何钟佩，等．植物激素酶联免疫测定基础[J]，北京农业大学学报，1991，17(增刊)：167-172
22．王纪华，王树安，蒋钟佩，等．小麦籽粒建成过程的光合特性及内源激素的研究[J]，北京农业大学学报，1992，18(增刊)：167-172
23．陈善坤，曾晓春，刘传正．S-3307和PP_(333)对水稻秧苗促蘖效应的比较测定及其与植物内源激素关系的研究[J]，江西农业学报，1994，(1)：10-13
24．姜丽娜，李春喜，代西梅，等．超高产小麦氮素吸收、积累及分配规律的研究[J]，麦类作物学报，2000，20(2)：53-59
25．尚玉磊，李春喜，姜丽娜，等．植物生长调节剂对小麦产量及产量构成的影响[J]，河南农业科学，2000，18(4)：408-411
26．王辉．提高渭北原区旱地小麦品种产量潜力途径的研究[J]，干旱地区农业研究，1993，2：41-45
27．杨兆生，许江霞，阎素红，等．紧凑大穗型小麦新品种93中6(37系)的选育及亩产600kg栽培技术研究[J]，作物学报，1998，24(6)：971-977
28．王法宏，赵君实，秦月秋，等．化控条件下小麦基本苗密度对产量的效应[J]，莱阳农学院学报，1993，10(3)：183-187
29．王绍中，赵虹，王西成，等．小麦超高产品种筛选的研究初报[J]，作物学报，1998，24(6)：870-875
30．季书勤，赵书章，吕凤荣，等．多穗型小麦品种公顷产9000kg主要技术指标及关键技术[J]，麦类作物学报，2001，21(1)：55-59
31．张文，等．气候因子对不同生态类型小麦品种粒重、粒数效应[J]，四川农业学报，1987，2(2)：14-21
32．白宝璋，汤学军．植物生理学测试技术[M]，北京：中国科学技术出版社，1993
33．谭保才，梁厚果．激动素对绿豆子叶多聚糖体形成的促进作用及其与RNA合成的关系[J]，植物学报，1992，34(10)：764-770
34．张文．四川盆地小麦苗穗粒性状的气候生态模型与区划，见：卢良恕主编：中国小麦栽培研究新进展[M]，农业出版社．1992，424-427
35．蒋泉英，吴金书，陈正龙，等．不同生化剂对水稻产量及灌浆特性的影响[J]，安徽农业科学，2000，28(2)：221-222，224
36．李(王月)莹．S-3307对水稻秧苗控长促蘖效应及其与植物激素的关系[J]，沈阳农业大学学报，1998，29(2)：194-195
37．单玉珊等编著，小麦高产栽培技术原理[M]，科学技术出版社，2001，6
38．赵会杰，刘天财，刘华山，等．大穗型高产小麦群体的光照特征和生理特性研究[J]，河南农业大学学报，1999，33(2)：101-105
39．罗春梅．从不同蘖位分蘖间的差异探讨小麦分蘖成穗的生理原因[J]，植物生理学通讯，1965，3；21-27
40．中条博良，等．小麦分蘖消长与干物重及氮素吸收[J]，国外农学-麦类作物，1991，3：32-36
41．赵昌平，郭晓维，张风廷，等．从不同营养生长积温分蘖间的差异探讨小麦分蘖成穗的生理原因[J]，华北农学报，1996，11(3)：35-40
42．何照范．粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M]，北京：中国农业出版社，1985，47-50；57-59
43．康书江，赵春江，郭晓维，等．植物内源激素对小麦生长发育调控机理的研究Ⅱ．冬小麦拔节前植物内源激素变化规律的初步研究[J]，麦类作物，1999，19(4)：51-53
44．洪晓富，蒋彭炎，郑寨生，等．水稻分蘖期喷施赤霉素对控制分蘖和提高成穗率的效果[J]，浙江农业科学，1998，(1)：3-5
45．刘文大，等．植物生长调节剂对天堂草、马尼拉草快速成坪影响[J]，上海农学院学报，2000，18(1)：124-131
46．魏育明，郑有良．植物内源激素对小麦分蘖成穗的影响研究．见：第四届全国青年作物遗传育种学术会文集[M]，四川科学技术出版社，1999，87-91
47．李永庚，于振文，姜东，等．超高产冬小麦拔节期分蘖间~(14)C同化物分配及分蘖成穗特性的研究[J]，作物学报，2001，27(4)：517-521
48．李宗霆，周燮．植物激素及其免疫检测技术[M]．江苏科学技术出版社．1996
49．刘晓冰，李文雄．春小麦籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉和蛋白质积累规律的初步研究[J]，作物学报，1996，22(6)：736-740
50．梁振兴，马兴林．冬小麦分蘖发生过程中内源激素作用的研究[J]，作物学报，1998，24(6)：788-792
51．马兴林，梁振兴．冬小麦分蘖衰亡过程中内源激素作用的研究[J]，作物学报，1997，23(2)：200-207
52．李春喜，王绍中，代西梅，等．不同小麦品种内源激素变化动态及其与分蘖发生关系的研究[J]，华北农学报，2000，15(4)：79-83
53．李春喜，赵广才，代西梅，等．小麦分蘖变化动态与内源激素关系的研究[J]，作物学报，2000，26(6)：963-968
54．蒋彭炎，洪晓富，冯来定，等．水培条件下氮浓度对水稻氮素吸收和分蘖发生的影响研究[J]，作物学报，1997，23(2)：191-198
55．姜东，于振文，李永庚，余松烈．冬小麦叶茎粒可溶性糖含量变化及其与籽粒淀粉积累的关系[J]，麦类作物学报，2001，21(3)：38-41
56．赵会杰，任琴，郭天财，等，大穗型小麦兰考906分蘖发育的生理特征及其调控[J]，麦类作物学报，2001，21(4)：67-71
57．赵竹青，王运华．矿质营养对生长素代谢影响的研究现状与展望[J]，植物学通报，1998，37-42
58．庞红喜，宋哲民，杨智全．大穗小麦部分生理特性研究[J]，西北植物学报，1998，18(3)：411-416
59．夏国海，宋尚伟，孙守如，等．高等植物碳素同化物装卸的激素调控进展[J]，河南农业大学学报，1998，32(2)：154-158
60．王熹．烯效唑对水稻幼苗内源IAA含量的影响[J]，植物学报，1997，39(7)：629-633
61．李建民．小麦主茎生育速度对分蘖形成及其成穗的影响[J]，中国农业大学学报，1997，2(3)：31-35
62．李建民．小麦分蘖叶、穗的生育特征与成穗的关系[J]，中国农业大学学报，1997，2(5)：79-84
63．王之杰，郭天财，王化芩，等．种植密度对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响[J]，麦类作物学报，2001，21(3)：64-67
64．王兆龙，曹卫星，戴廷波．小麦小花两极分化中内源激素与糖氮含量的变化特征[J]，作物学报，2001，27(4)：447-451
65．杨恕平，刘晓冰，王光华，等．春小麦化控稀植高产技术可行性分析[J]，农业系统科学与综合研究，1998，14(3)：184-187
66．徐恒东，赵振东，刘建军，等．群体调控与氮肥运筹对强筋小麦济南17号产量和品质的影响[J]，麦类作物学报，2002，22(1)：58-62
67．王旭清，王法宏．栽培措施和环境条件对小麦籽粒品质的影响[J]，山东农业科学，1999，1：52-55
68．王立秋，靳占忠，曹敬山，等．水肥因子对春小麦籽粒及面包烘烤品质的影响[J]，中国农业科学，1997，30(3)：67-73
69．刘尊英，郭天才，等．氮素供应对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分及积累动态的影响[J]，河南农业大学学报，1999，33(4)：317-320
70．张宝军，蒋纪芸．施氮时期对小麦不同籽粒蛋白质品质的影响[J]，西北农业大学学报，1996，24(1)：33-35
71．张宝军．小麦籽粒品质及其影响因素的分析[J]，国外农学-麦类作物，1995(4)：29-31
72．王立秋．PP_(333)和施肥对小麦品质和产量的影响[J]，国外农学-麦类作物，1996，(1)：51-53
73．秦武发，董永华，张彩英，等．植物激素对小麦品质的影响[J]，河北农业大学学报，1996，19(4)：93-95
74．田淑兰，王熹．IAA与亚种间杂交水稻籽粒发育的关系及烯效唑的调节[J]，中国水稻科学，1998，12(2)：99-104
75．郑伟．小麦品质性状及其调优技术研究进展[J]，耕作与栽培．2001，1：10-13
76．张劲松，商振清，韩健民，等．干旱条件下小麦叶面喷施6-BA和KT对小麦籽粒品质和产量的影响[J]，河北农业大学学报，2000，24(4)：28-32
77．王瑞英，于振文，等．稻麦及豆科作物籽粒发育过程中的内源激素水平变化[J]，麦类作物，1997，17(3)：44-47
78．王瑞英，于振文，等．小麦籽粒发育过程中激素含量变化[J]，作物学报，1999，25(2)：227-231
79．杨建昌，王志琴，等．ABA与GA对水稻籽粒灌浆的调控[J]，作物学报，1999，25(3)：341-348
80．程国旺，马传喜．小麦品质性状与我国小麦品质的改良途径[J]，粮油食品科技，1999，7(5)：28-29
81．黄发松，孙宗修等．食用稻米品质形成研究的现状与展望[J]，中国水稻科学，1998，12(3)：172-176
82．田淑兰，王熹．IAA与亚种间杂交稻籽粒发育的关系及烯效唑的调节[J]，中国水稻科学，1998，12(2)：99-104
83．张宪政 主编，作物生理研究法[M]，农业出版社，1992
84. Izumi K, Yamaguchi I, Wade A, et al. Effect of a new plant growth retardant (E)-1-(4-chloropheny1)-4,4-dimethy-2 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol (S-330 7)on the growth and gibberellin content of rice plants[J]. Plant Cell Physiol,1 984,25(4):611-617
85. R.A. Fletcher, G. Hofstra and Jian-guo Gao. Comparative Fungitoxic and Plant Growth Regulating Properties of Triazole Derivatives [J].Plant Cell Physiol, 1986,27(2):367-371
86. HOU You-Liang, L.O' Brien, ZHONG Gai-Rong. Study on Dynamic Changes of the Distribution and Accumulation of Nitrogen in Different Plant Parts of Wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2001, 27 (4): 493-499
87. EL Shirbiny S.A. Hashem E.A.Estimation of plant growth regulators produced by some streptomyces strains and their effects on growth and productivity of wheat plant[J].Egyptian Journal of Botany.1999,37(2):171-184
88. Gebbing T., Schnyder H. Pre-anthesis reserve utilization for protein and carbhydrate synthesis in grains of wheat [J]. Plant Physiology.1999,121(3):871-878
89. Menin R Hall. Retardation of Vine Development of pot -grown Sweet Potato Plants with Mepiquat chloride [J]Hort Science.1986,21(5):1130-1132
90. Sawlacka B. The growth regulators Mival and Potejtin in the cultivation of potato. Part ⅡThe influence of regulators on the yield and its structure[J].Bluletyn Instytulu Hodowli Aklimatyzacji Roslin.2000,213:61-74
91. Panozzo J.f. Eagles H.a. Cultivar and environmental effects on quality characters in wheat[J]. ⅡProtein Australian Journal of Agricultural Research.2000,51 (5):629-636
92. Joseph G. Lauer and Steve R. Simmons. Photo assimilate Photo assimilate Partitioning by Tillers and Individual Tiller leaves in Field-grown Spring Barley[J]. Crop Science.1989, 28:279-292
93. Joseph G. Lauer. Barley Tiller Response to Plant Density and Ethephen[J] Agronomy Journal,1991, 83(6): 968-973
94. Woodward E J,Marshall C .Effects of plant growth regulators on tiller bud outgrowth inuniculm cereals[J]. Ann appl Biol.1989, 114:597-608
95. Shanahan J F. et al. Shoot developmental properties associated with grain yield in winter wheat[J].Crop Sci.1985, 25:770-775
96. Lauer J G, Simmons S R. Partitioning of main shoot leaves in field-grown spring
barley [J]. Crop Science, 1962
97． Buchenauer H,Rohner E. Effectof triadimefon and triadimenolon growth of various plantspecies as well as on gibberellin con-tent and sterol metabolism in shoots of barley[J]. Pest Bioch Physiol 1981,1 5:58-70
98． A.B.Frank, A.Bauer, and A.L. black. Carbohydrate,Nitrogen and PhosphorusConcentrations of spring wheat leaves and stem[J].Agronomy Journal,1989,81(3) :524-528
99． Evans,L.T.Crop evolution, adaptation and yield [J]. Cambraidge University Press.Cambradge, 1993,500-507
100． Chhaya D,Basu P S.Content of indole acetic acid and its metabolism in root nodules of Cajanus cajan(Linn) Millsp[J].Plant Physiol & Biochem,1997,67:71-74
101． G.Michael and H.Beringer, The role of Hormones in Yield Formation. Physiological Aspects of Crop Productivity, Proceeding of 15th Colloquium of the International Potash Insiitute Held in Wageningen. The Nether Lauds[C]. 1980,28:252-279
102． Pal Mahendra Singh, ZHANG Guoping and CHEN Jinxin. Influence of genotypes and nitrogen fertillization on leaf morphogenesis and tillering behaviors in winter wheat [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops.2000,20(1) :28-33
103． Hucl, p and Baker RJ. Tiller phenology and yield of spring wheat in a semiarid environment[J]. Crop Science. 1989,29:3,631-635
104． Hotsonyame GK, Hunt LT. Effects of sowing date, photoperiod and nitrogen on variation in main culm leaf dimensions in field grown wheat[J].Can. J. Plant Sci.,1998,78:35-40
105． R. A. Powelson and V.J. Lieffers. Effect of light and nutrients on biomass allocation in calamagrostis Canadensis [J]. Ecography.1992,15:1,31-36
106． Bauer A, Frank AB and Black AL. Estimation of spring wheat leaf growth rates and anthesis from air temperature [J].Agro.J.,1984,76:829-835
107． D.F. Davidson .The influence of water deficits on tiller production and survival in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [J]. Dissertation Abstracts International. B. Sciences and Engineering. 1987,47: 4011-4021
108． Mc Master, GS, L eCain DR and Morgan JA et al. Elevated CO2 increases wheat CER (carbon exchange rates).Leaf and tiller development and shoot and root growth[J]. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sci., 1999,183(2) :119-128
109． Mosaad, M.G, Orville, F.G, Mahalarshmi ,V. Tiller development and contribution to yield under different moisture regimes in two Tritium Species[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,1995,174(3) :173-180
110． Sharma, R. C. Tilller mortality and its relationship to grain yield in spring wheat[J].Field Crop Research,1995,41(l):55-60
111． Roy ,S. K, Biswas, P. K. Efffect of population on tiller ,growth ,yield components and yield of wheat[J].Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture,1991,1(2) :81-85
112． Black, A .L, Bauer, and A. Stubble height effect on winter wheat in the Northern Great Plains: Population and yield [J]. Agronomy Journal,1990,82(2) :200-205
113． Anderson, W .K, Barday. J, Evidence for difference between three wheat cultivars in
yield response to plant population [J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1991,42(5) :701-713
114． Simons R G, Tilller and ear production of winter wheat[J].Field Crop Abstr,1982,35:857-870
115． Lauer J G, Simmmons SR, Canopy light and tiller mortality in spring barley[J].Crop Sci,1989,29:420-424
116． Hall H.K, J.A.Mcwha. Effects of Abscisic Acid on growth of wheat[J]. Ann, Bot., 1981,47: 427-433
117． Nerson, H. Effects of population density and number of ears on wheat yield and its components [J]. Field Crop Research. 1980, 3:225-234
118． P. Hucl and R. J . Baker. Interplant and in traplant competition effects on main stem yield of three diverse tillering spring wheats [J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Scince,1990,70(1) :1-7
119． P. Hucl and R.J. Baker. Tillering parttern of spring wheat genotypes grown in semiarid environment [J].Canadian journal of Plant Science,1989,69(1) :71-79
120． P. Hucl and R.J. Baker.Barley seeding rate effects on low-tillering spring wheats in a semiarid environment [J]. Canadian journal of Plant Science,1990,70(1) :9-17
121． Bebyakin V M, Zlobina L N. Important of genotype and environmental factors for determination of quality of summer wheat grain [J]. Sel's kokhozyaistrennaya Biologiya, 1997,3:94-100
122． Shaheena, Wararich, SA, Mustafa, S.Z. Effect of population density on yield components and quality of wheat [J]. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 1987,27:130-132
123． Anderson, W. K, Barday. J, Evidence for difference between three heat cutivars in yield response to plant population [J]. Australian Journal of agricultural Research, 1991,42(5) :701-713
124． P. Hull and RJ. baker. Tiller phonology and yield of spring wheat in a semiarid environment [J].Crop Science.1989,29(3) :631-635
125． Matthew m. S, Evans and R. Scott Poethig. Gibberllins promote vegetative phase changes and reproductive maturity in maize. Plant physiology, 1995,475-487
126． Jackson D.I et al. Flower initiation in temperate woody plants. A review based largely on the literature of confines and deciduous fruit trees[J]. Hort abatract,1972,42:9-24
127． Key JL. Hormone and nucleic acid metabolism[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1969,20:449-474
128． Buttery B R and R I Buzzel. Relationships among photosynthetic rate, bean yield and other characters in field-grown cultivars of soybean[J]. Can J Plant Sci, 1981,61:191-198
129． Flecher R.A, Arnoid V. Stimulation of cytokinins and chlorophyll synthesis in cucumber cotyledons by triadimefon[J]. Physiol Plant, 1986, 66:97-201
130． John R L. Are plant growth substances involved in the partitioning of assimilate to developing reproductive sinks? [J]. Plant Growth Substance,1985, 58:145-150
2．田晓莉，于运华，段留生，等．作物化学控制技术增产潜力[J]，作物杂志，1997，4：7-9
3．殷琛，张国平．大麦不同粒位粒重和蛋白质含量及发芽整齐度研究[J]，浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，2001，27(2)
4．朱木兰，何觉民．烯效唑对作物的生理效应及应用效果[J]，作物研究，1999(2)：40-43
5．赵会杰，郭天财，邹琦，等．不同穗型小麦品种分蘖发育的代谢基础研究[J]，西北植物学报，2002，22(2)：215-220
6．高松洁，王文静，夏国军，等．三唑类物质对小麦灌浆期生理特性及产量形状的影响[J]，河南农业大学学报，1999，33(4)：333-335
7．王向阳，彭文博，赵会杰，等．植物生长调节剂对旗叶生理特性及粒重的影响[J]，河南农业大学学报，1999，27(1)：6-9
8．王法宏，王旭清，任德昌，等．小麦不同成穗类型品种群体根系活性与成穗数的关系，山东农业科学[J]，1999，2：12-14
9．梁雪莲，杨文钰．不同播期下烯效唑拌种对小麦生育进程与小穗数的影响[J]，四川农业大学学报，1998，16(4)：398-402
10．梁雪莲，杨文钰．烯效唑拌种对小麦形态及营养的调节效应[J]，四川农业大学学报，1998，16(4)：403-406
11．廖利民，韩碧文，何仲佩．S-3307和PP_(333)对小麦某些生理特性的影响[J]，植物生理学通讯，1990，(3)：28-31
12．沈岳清，盛亚红，盛敏智，等．烯效唑(S-3307)处理小麦种子的若干生理效应．上海农学报，1993，9(4)：75-78．
13．何荣鹤，钱苗兴．浅谈烯效唑的调节功能与应用技术[J]，农业科技通讯，1998，(9)：27-28
14．张国平，蔡仁祥，陈锦新．氮肥运筹和烯效唑对小麦形态发育和器官建成的影响[J]，浙江农业学报，1998，10(1)：18-22
15．鲍正发，郑寨生，等．S-3307在小麦上应用的效果及技术研究[J]，浙江农业大学学报，1996，22(1)：103-104
16．张国平，等．氮肥运筹和烯效唑对小麦干物质和氮积累的影响[J]，浙江农业大学学报 1998，24(2)：174-178
17．王宪泽，李菡，于振文，等．小麦籽粒品质性状影响面条品质的通径分析[J]，作物学报，2002，28(2)：240-244
18．刘会宁，朱建强．多效唑作用机理及其在落叶果树上的应用[J]，湖北农学院学报．2001，21(1)：80-85
19．黄新华，张格成．天然芸薹素对水稻、大豆、小麦和蔬菜的优生作用[J]，农药，2000，39(3)：40-41
20．何钟佩．作物激素生理及化学控制[M]，北京：中国农业大学出版社，1997
21．张军，韩碧文，何钟佩，等．植物激素酶联免疫测定基础[J]，北京农业大学学报，1991，17(增刊)：167-172
22．王纪华，王树安，蒋钟佩，等．小麦籽粒建成过程的光合特性及内源激素的研究[J]，北京农业大学学报，1992，18(增刊)：167-172
23．陈善坤，曾晓春，刘传正．S-3307和PP_(333)对水稻秧苗促蘖效应的比较测定及其与植物内源激素关系的研究[J]，江西农业学报，1994，(1)：10-13
24．姜丽娜，李春喜，代西梅，等．超高产小麦氮素吸收、积累及分配规律的研究[J]，麦类作物学报，2000，20(2)：53-59
25．尚玉磊，李春喜，姜丽娜，等．植物生长调节剂对小麦产量及产量构成的影响[J]，河南农业科学，2000，18(4)：408-411
26．王辉．提高渭北原区旱地小麦品种产量潜力途径的研究[J]，干旱地区农业研究，1993，2：41-45
27．杨兆生，许江霞，阎素红，等．紧凑大穗型小麦新品种93中6(37系)的选育及亩产600kg栽培技术研究[J]，作物学报，1998，24(6)：971-977
28．王法宏，赵君实，秦月秋，等．化控条件下小麦基本苗密度对产量的效应[J]，莱阳农学院学报，1993，10(3)：183-187
29．王绍中，赵虹，王西成，等．小麦超高产品种筛选的研究初报[J]，作物学报，1998，24(6)：870-875
30．季书勤，赵书章，吕凤荣，等．多穗型小麦品种公顷产9000kg主要技术指标及关键技术[J]，麦类作物学报，2001，21(1)：55-59
31．张文，等．气候因子对不同生态类型小麦品种粒重、粒数效应[J]，四川农业学报，1987，2(2)：14-21
32．白宝璋，汤学军．植物生理学测试技术[M]，北京：中国科学技术出版社，1993
33．谭保才，梁厚果．激动素对绿豆子叶多聚糖体形成的促进作用及其与RNA合成的关系[J]，植物学报，1992，34(10)：764-770
34．张文．四川盆地小麦苗穗粒性状的气候生态模型与区划，见：卢良恕主编：中国小麦栽培研究新进展[M]，农业出版社．1992，424-427
35．蒋泉英，吴金书，陈正龙，等．不同生化剂对水稻产量及灌浆特性的影响[J]，安徽农业科学，2000，28(2)：221-222，224
36．李(王月)莹．S-3307对水稻秧苗控长促蘖效应及其与植物激素的关系[J]，沈阳农业大学学报，1998，29(2)：194-195
37．单玉珊等编著，小麦高产栽培技术原理[M]，科学技术出版社，2001，6
38．赵会杰，刘天财，刘华山，等．大穗型高产小麦群体的光照特征和生理特性研究[J]，河南农业大学学报，1999，33(2)：101-105
39．罗春梅．从不同蘖位分蘖间的差异探讨小麦分蘖成穗的生理原因[J]，植物生理学通讯，1965，3；21-27
40．中条博良，等．小麦分蘖消长与干物重及氮素吸收[J]，国外农学-麦类作物，1991，3：32-36
41．赵昌平，郭晓维，张风廷，等．从不同营养生长积温分蘖间的差异探讨小麦分蘖成穗的生理原因[J]，华北农学报，1996，11(3)：35-40
42．何照范．粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M]，北京：中国农业出版社，1985，47-50；57-59
43．康书江，赵春江，郭晓维，等．植物内源激素对小麦生长发育调控机理的研究Ⅱ．冬小麦拔节前植物内源激素变化规律的初步研究[J]，麦类作物，1999，19(4)：51-53
44．洪晓富，蒋彭炎，郑寨生，等．水稻分蘖期喷施赤霉素对控制分蘖和提高成穗率的效果[J]，浙江农业科学，1998，(1)：3-5
45．刘文大，等．植物生长调节剂对天堂草、马尼拉草快速成坪影响[J]，上海农学院学报，2000，18(1)：124-131
46．魏育明，郑有良．植物内源激素对小麦分蘖成穗的影响研究．见：第四届全国青年作物遗传育种学术会文集[M]，四川科学技术出版社，1999，87-91
47．李永庚，于振文，姜东，等．超高产冬小麦拔节期分蘖间~(14)C同化物分配及分蘖成穗特性的研究[J]，作物学报，2001，27(4)：517-521
48．李宗霆，周燮．植物激素及其免疫检测技术[M]．江苏科学技术出版社．1996
49．刘晓冰，李文雄．春小麦籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉和蛋白质积累规律的初步研究[J]，作物学报，1996，22(6)：736-740
50．梁振兴，马兴林．冬小麦分蘖发生过程中内源激素作用的研究[J]，作物学报，1998，24(6)：788-792
51．马兴林，梁振兴．冬小麦分蘖衰亡过程中内源激素作用的研究[J]，作物学报，1997，23(2)：200-207
52．李春喜，王绍中，代西梅，等．不同小麦品种内源激素变化动态及其与分蘖发生关系的研究[J]，华北农学报，2000，15(4)：79-83
53．李春喜，赵广才，代西梅，等．小麦分蘖变化动态与内源激素关系的研究[J]，作物学报，2000，26(6)：963-968
54．蒋彭炎，洪晓富，冯来定，等．水培条件下氮浓度对水稻氮素吸收和分蘖发生的影响研究[J]，作物学报，1997，23(2)：191-198
55．姜东，于振文，李永庚，余松烈．冬小麦叶茎粒可溶性糖含量变化及其与籽粒淀粉积累的关系[J]，麦类作物学报，2001，21(3)：38-41
56．赵会杰，任琴，郭天财，等，大穗型小麦兰考906分蘖发育的生理特征及其调控[J]，麦类作物学报，2001，21(4)：67-71
57．赵竹青，王运华．矿质营养对生长素代谢影响的研究现状与展望[J]，植物学通报，1998，37-42
58．庞红喜，宋哲民，杨智全．大穗小麦部分生理特性研究[J]，西北植物学报，1998，18(3)：411-416
59．夏国海，宋尚伟，孙守如，等．高等植物碳素同化物装卸的激素调控进展[J]，河南农业大学学报，1998，32(2)：154-158
60．王熹．烯效唑对水稻幼苗内源IAA含量的影响[J]，植物学报，1997，39(7)：629-633
61．李建民．小麦主茎生育速度对分蘖形成及其成穗的影响[J]，中国农业大学学报，1997，2(3)：31-35
62．李建民．小麦分蘖叶、穗的生育特征与成穗的关系[J]，中国农业大学学报，1997，2(5)：79-84
63．王之杰，郭天财，王化芩，等．种植密度对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响[J]，麦类作物学报，2001，21(3)：64-67
64．王兆龙，曹卫星，戴廷波．小麦小花两极分化中内源激素与糖氮含量的变化特征[J]，作物学报，2001，27(4)：447-451
65．杨恕平，刘晓冰，王光华，等．春小麦化控稀植高产技术可行性分析[J]，农业系统科学与综合研究，1998，14(3)：184-187
66．徐恒东，赵振东，刘建军，等．群体调控与氮肥运筹对强筋小麦济南17号产量和品质的影响[J]，麦类作物学报，2002，22(1)：58-62
67．王旭清，王法宏．栽培措施和环境条件对小麦籽粒品质的影响[J]，山东农业科学，1999，1：52-55
68．王立秋，靳占忠，曹敬山，等．水肥因子对春小麦籽粒及面包烘烤品质的影响[J]，中国农业科学，1997，30(3)：67-73
69．刘尊英，郭天才，等．氮素供应对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分及积累动态的影响[J]，河南农业大学学报，1999，33(4)：317-320
70．张宝军，蒋纪芸．施氮时期对小麦不同籽粒蛋白质品质的影响[J]，西北农业大学学报，1996，24(1)：33-35
71．张宝军．小麦籽粒品质及其影响因素的分析[J]，国外农学-麦类作物，1995(4)：29-31
72．王立秋．PP_(333)和施肥对小麦品质和产量的影响[J]，国外农学-麦类作物，1996，(1)：51-53
73．秦武发，董永华，张彩英，等．植物激素对小麦品质的影响[J]，河北农业大学学报，1996，19(4)：93-95
74．田淑兰，王熹．IAA与亚种间杂交水稻籽粒发育的关系及烯效唑的调节[J]，中国水稻科学，1998，12(2)：99-104
75．郑伟．小麦品质性状及其调优技术研究进展[J]，耕作与栽培．2001，1：10-13
76．张劲松，商振清，韩健民，等．干旱条件下小麦叶面喷施6-BA和KT对小麦籽粒品质和产量的影响[J]，河北农业大学学报，2000，24(4)：28-32
77．王瑞英，于振文，等．稻麦及豆科作物籽粒发育过程中的内源激素水平变化[J]，麦类作物，1997，17(3)：44-47
78．王瑞英，于振文，等．小麦籽粒发育过程中激素含量变化[J]，作物学报，1999，25(2)：227-231
79．杨建昌，王志琴，等．ABA与GA对水稻籽粒灌浆的调控[J]，作物学报，1999，25(3)：341-348
80．程国旺，马传喜．小麦品质性状与我国小麦品质的改良途径[J]，粮油食品科技，1999，7(5)：28-29
81．黄发松，孙宗修等．食用稻米品质形成研究的现状与展望[J]，中国水稻科学，1998，12(3)：172-176
82．田淑兰，王熹．IAA与亚种间杂交稻籽粒发育的关系及烯效唑的调节[J]，中国水稻科学，1998，12(2)：99-104
83．张宪政 主编，作物生理研究法[M]，农业出版社，1992
84. Izumi K, Yamaguchi I, Wade A, et al. Effect of a new plant growth retardant (E)-1-(4-chloropheny1)-4,4-dimethy-2 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol (S-330 7)on the growth and gibberellin content of rice plants[J]. Plant Cell Physiol,1 984,25(4):611-617
85. R.A. Fletcher, G. Hofstra and Jian-guo Gao. Comparative Fungitoxic and Plant Growth Regulating Properties of Triazole Derivatives [J].Plant Cell Physiol, 1986,27(2):367-371
86. HOU You-Liang, L.O' Brien, ZHONG Gai-Rong. Study on Dynamic Changes of the Distribution and Accumulation of Nitrogen in Different Plant Parts of Wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2001, 27 (4): 493-499
87. EL Shirbiny S.A. Hashem E.A.Estimation of plant growth regulators produced by some streptomyces strains and their effects on growth and productivity of wheat plant[J].Egyptian Journal of Botany.1999,37(2):171-184
88. Gebbing T., Schnyder H. Pre-anthesis reserve utilization for protein and carbhydrate synthesis in grains of wheat [J]. Plant Physiology.1999,121(3):871-878
89. Menin R Hall. Retardation of Vine Development of pot -grown Sweet Potato Plants with Mepiquat chloride [J]Hort Science.1986,21(5):1130-1132
90. Sawlacka B. The growth regulators Mival and Potejtin in the cultivation of potato. Part ⅡThe influence of regulators on the yield and its structure[J].Bluletyn Instytulu Hodowli Aklimatyzacji Roslin.2000,213:61-74
91. Panozzo J.f. Eagles H.a. Cultivar and environmental effects on quality characters in wheat[J]. ⅡProtein Australian Journal of Agricultural Research.2000,51 (5):629-636
92. Joseph G. Lauer and Steve R. Simmons. Photo assimilate Photo assimilate Partitioning by Tillers and Individual Tiller leaves in Field-grown Spring Barley[J]. Crop Science.1989, 28:279-292
93. Joseph G. Lauer. Barley Tiller Response to Plant Density and Ethephen[J] Agronomy Journal,1991, 83(6): 968-973
94. Woodward E J,Marshall C .Effects of plant growth regulators on tiller bud outgrowth inuniculm cereals[J]. Ann appl Biol.1989, 114:597-608
95. Shanahan J F. et al. Shoot developmental properties associated with grain yield in winter wheat[J].Crop Sci.1985, 25:770-775
96. Lauer J G, Simmons S R. Partitioning of main shoot leaves in field-grown spring
barley [J]. Crop Science, 1962
97． Buchenauer H,Rohner E. Effectof triadimefon and triadimenolon growth of various plantspecies as well as on gibberellin con-tent and sterol metabolism in shoots of barley[J]. Pest Bioch Physiol 1981,1 5:58-70
98． A.B.Frank, A.Bauer, and A.L. black. Carbohydrate,Nitrogen and PhosphorusConcentrations of spring wheat leaves and stem[J].Agronomy Journal,1989,81(3) :524-528
99． Evans,L.T.Crop evolution, adaptation and yield [J]. Cambraidge University Press.Cambradge, 1993,500-507
100． Chhaya D,Basu P S.Content of indole acetic acid and its metabolism in root nodules of Cajanus cajan(Linn) Millsp[J].Plant Physiol & Biochem,1997,67:71-74
101． G.Michael and H.Beringer, The role of Hormones in Yield Formation. Physiological Aspects of Crop Productivity, Proceeding of 15th Colloquium of the International Potash Insiitute Held in Wageningen. The Nether Lauds[C]. 1980,28:252-279
102． Pal Mahendra Singh, ZHANG Guoping and CHEN Jinxin. Influence of genotypes and nitrogen fertillization on leaf morphogenesis and tillering behaviors in winter wheat [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops.2000,20(1) :28-33
103． Hucl, p and Baker RJ. Tiller phenology and yield of spring wheat in a semiarid environment[J]. Crop Science. 1989,29:3,631-635
104． Hotsonyame GK, Hunt LT. Effects of sowing date, photoperiod and nitrogen on variation in main culm leaf dimensions in field grown wheat[J].Can. J. Plant Sci.,1998,78:35-40
105． R. A. Powelson and V.J. Lieffers. Effect of light and nutrients on biomass allocation in calamagrostis Canadensis [J]. Ecography.1992,15:1,31-36
106． Bauer A, Frank AB and Black AL. Estimation of spring wheat leaf growth rates and anthesis from air temperature [J].Agro.J.,1984,76:829-835
107． D.F. Davidson .The influence of water deficits on tiller production and survival in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [J]. Dissertation Abstracts International. B. Sciences and Engineering. 1987,47: 4011-4021
108． Mc Master, GS, L eCain DR and Morgan JA et al. Elevated CO2 increases wheat CER (carbon exchange rates).Leaf and tiller development and shoot and root growth[J]. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sci., 1999,183(2) :119-128
109． Mosaad, M.G, Orville, F.G, Mahalarshmi ,V. Tiller development and contribution to yield under different moisture regimes in two Tritium Species[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,1995,174(3) :173-180
110． Sharma, R. C. Tilller mortality and its relationship to grain yield in spring wheat[J].Field Crop Research,1995,41(l):55-60
111． Roy ,S. K, Biswas, P. K. Efffect of population on tiller ,growth ,yield components and yield of wheat[J].Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture,1991,1(2) :81-85
112． Black, A .L, Bauer, and A. Stubble height effect on winter wheat in the Northern Great Plains: Population and yield [J]. Agronomy Journal,1990,82(2) :200-205
113． Anderson, W .K, Barday. J, Evidence for difference between three wheat cultivars in
yield response to plant population [J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1991,42(5) :701-713
114． Simons R G, Tilller and ear production of winter wheat[J].Field Crop Abstr,1982,35:857-870
115． Lauer J G, Simmmons SR, Canopy light and tiller mortality in spring barley[J].Crop Sci,1989,29:420-424
116． Hall H.K, J.A.Mcwha. Effects of Abscisic Acid on growth of wheat[J]. Ann, Bot., 1981,47: 427-433
117． Nerson, H. Effects of population density and number of ears on wheat yield and its components [J]. Field Crop Research. 1980, 3:225-234
118． P. Hucl and R. J . Baker. Interplant and in traplant competition effects on main stem yield of three diverse tillering spring wheats [J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Scince,1990,70(1) :1-7
119． P. Hucl and R.J. Baker. Tillering parttern of spring wheat genotypes grown in semiarid environment [J].Canadian journal of Plant Science,1989,69(1) :71-79
120． P. Hucl and R.J. Baker.Barley seeding rate effects on low-tillering spring wheats in a semiarid environment [J]. Canadian journal of Plant Science,1990,70(1) :9-17
121． Bebyakin V M, Zlobina L N. Important of genotype and environmental factors for determination of quality of summer wheat grain [J]. Sel's kokhozyaistrennaya Biologiya, 1997,3:94-100
122． Shaheena, Wararich, SA, Mustafa, S.Z. Effect of population density on yield components and quality of wheat [J]. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 1987,27:130-132
123． Anderson, W. K, Barday. J, Evidence for difference between three heat cutivars in yield response to plant population [J]. Australian Journal of agricultural Research, 1991,42(5) :701-713
124． P. Hull and RJ. baker. Tiller phonology and yield of spring wheat in a semiarid environment [J].Crop Science.1989,29(3) :631-635
125． Matthew m. S, Evans and R. Scott Poethig. Gibberllins promote vegetative phase changes and reproductive maturity in maize. Plant physiology, 1995,475-487
126． Jackson D.I et al. Flower initiation in temperate woody plants. A review based largely on the literature of confines and deciduous fruit trees[J]. Hort abatract,1972,42:9-24
127． Key JL. Hormone and nucleic acid metabolism[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1969,20:449-474
128． Buttery B R and R I Buzzel. Relationships among photosynthetic rate, bean yield and other characters in field-grown cultivars of soybean[J]. Can J Plant Sci, 1981,61:191-198
129． Flecher R.A, Arnoid V. Stimulation of cytokinins and chlorophyll synthesis in cucumber cotyledons by triadimefon[J]. Physiol Plant, 1986, 66:97-201
130． John R L. Are plant growth substances involved in the partitioning of assimilate to developing reproductive sinks? [J]. Plant Growth Substance,1985, 58:145-150