产业集群创业人才孵化器的作用机制及功能结构研究
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摘要
创业活动是个复杂的社会过程，同时也是高风险的行为，其高失败率造成社会资源和个人财富的巨大损失。孵化器能够系统组织各类社会资源，为在孵企业营造良好的内部环境，增强其承担风险、抵御风险的能力，从而有效提高在孵企业的成功率和成活率。产业集群凭借内部优越的创业机制和成熟的各类关系网络，能够促进内部创业人才和新创企业的成长，已经成为创业人才和新创企业的“孵化器”。开展产业集群孵化创业人才的研究，探讨产业集群对创业人才的作用机制和功能结构，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
本文首先依据产业集群理论和孵化器相关理论，运用文献分析的方法，对产业集群创业人才孵化器的内涵和特征进行了深入剖析。运用文献研究、深度访谈和问卷调查的方法，对产业集群创业人才孵化器的测量量表和构成维度进行分析和研究。通过项目分析、探索性因子分析等方法确定正式测量量表，运用验证性因子分析的方法构建了产业集群创业人才孵化器的三维结构模型：集群文化氛围、集群孵化网络和集群孵化资源，并在此基础上建立了产业集群创业人才孵化器模型。
其次，依据职业成功和新创企业成长理论，运用文献研究、深度访谈和问卷调查的方法，编制了创业人才成长的测量量表，构建了创业人才成长的三维结构模型：创业能力提升、创业效能感增强和创业绩效成长。并运用所编制量表进行了实证检验，通过多元回归分析，验证了产业集群创业人才孵化器对创业人才的孵化效应，揭示产业集群创业人才孵化器的三个维度：集群文化氛围、集群孵化网络和集群孵化资源对创业人才成长三个维度的不同影响作用。
然后，在深入研究创业人才社会资本内涵的基础上，运用文献研究、深度访谈和问卷调查的方法，编制了创业人才社会资本的测量量表，构建了创业人才社会资本的四维结构模型：认知维度、信任维度、网络维度和资源维度。提出基于社会资本视角的产业集群孵化创业人才假设模型，运用结构方程模型的方法，对假设模型进行实证检验，结果表明，研究模型与样本数据拟合较好，假设模型较为合理，揭示了产业集群创业人才孵化器对创业人才的作用机制。
最后，在基于社会资本视角的产业集群孵化创业人才模型的基础上，从社会资本的四个维度出发，利用认知理论、信任理论、网络理论和资源理论，对产业集群创业人才孵化器的功能进行研究和分析。结果表明，认知趋同、信任合作、网络支持和资源配置是产业集群创业人才孵化器最主要的四个功能，并据此建立产业集群创业人才孵化器的功能结构模型。对于如何强化和提升产业集群创业人才孵化的功能，从孵化文化氛围、孵化网络和孵化资源三个方面探讨产业集群创业人才孵化器功能提升机制，为集群政策制定和创业人才认知成长规律提供理论依据和决策参考。
Entrepreneurial activity is a complex social process, and also is a highly risky behaviour; its high failure rate caused huge waster of social resources and personal wealth. Incubator could systematically organize various social resources, create good incubation environment for incubated enterprises, increase their capacity to take risks, thereby it could effectively improve success and survival rates of the incubated enterprises. By virtue of superior entrepreneurial mechanism and mature relationship networks, industrial clusters can promote entrepreneurs and new venture development, and become the 'incubator'of entrepreneurs and enterprises. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study on industrial clusters incubating entrepreneurs, and explore the mechanism and functional structure of industrial cluster on the entrepreneurs.
Firstly, applying the method of literature analysis, according to the theory of industrial clusters and incubator, the thesis deeply analyzes the definition and characteristics of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator. Applying the methods of literature research, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey, it analyzes and researches the dimensions of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator. The formal scale is constructed through the research methods of the items analysis, exploratory factor test and so forth. Confirmatory factor analysis approach is conducted to verify the three-dimension structure model of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, which is composed by clusters cultural atmosphere, clusters incubation network and clusters incubation resources. Then industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator model is constructed.
Secondly, drawing on the theories of career success and new ventures growth, applying the methods of literature research, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey, the thesis develops the measurement scale of entrepreneurial growth. Then the three-dimension structure model of entrepreneurial growth is constructed, which is composed by entrepreneurial competence promotion, entrepreneurial self-efficacy strengthen and entrepreneurial performance growth. Then the measurement scale is applied in the empirical survey, through multiple regression analysis, it verifies the incubation effect of industrial clusters incubator on entrepreneur, reveales the differences of the three dimensions of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, which is composed of clusters cultural atmosphere, clusters incubation network and clusters incubation resources, on the three dimensions of entrepreneurial growth.
Thirdly, based on deeply exploration on the definition of entrepreneurial social capital, applying the methods of literature research, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey, the thesis develops the measurement scale of entrepreneurial social capital. Then the four-dimension structure model of entrepreneurial social capital is constructed, which is composed of cognitive dimension, trust dimension, network dimension and resources dimension. Then it proposed the assumption model of industrial clusters incubating entrepreneur from the perspective of social capital, and verifies the assumption model through the method of structural equation model. Data analysis results showes that the research model and sample data fits well, the assumption model is reasonable, it reveales the mechanism of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator on entrepreneurial growth.
Finally, based on the model of industrial clusters incubating entrepreneur from the perspective of social capital, from the four dimensions of social capital, using cognitive theory, trust theory, network theory and resources theory, it studies and analyzes the function of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator. The results show that cognitive coherence, trust cooperation, network support and resource allocation are the four major functions of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, then the functional structure model of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator is constructed. For how to strengthen and enhance the function of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, from incubation cultural atmosphere, incubation network and clusters incubation resources three aspects, the thesis explores function enhancement mechanism of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, which could provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for industrial clusters'policy making, and also entrepreneur recognizing their growth regularity.
本文首先依据产业集群理论和孵化器相关理论，运用文献分析的方法，对产业集群创业人才孵化器的内涵和特征进行了深入剖析。运用文献研究、深度访谈和问卷调查的方法，对产业集群创业人才孵化器的测量量表和构成维度进行分析和研究。通过项目分析、探索性因子分析等方法确定正式测量量表，运用验证性因子分析的方法构建了产业集群创业人才孵化器的三维结构模型：集群文化氛围、集群孵化网络和集群孵化资源，并在此基础上建立了产业集群创业人才孵化器模型。
其次，依据职业成功和新创企业成长理论，运用文献研究、深度访谈和问卷调查的方法，编制了创业人才成长的测量量表，构建了创业人才成长的三维结构模型：创业能力提升、创业效能感增强和创业绩效成长。并运用所编制量表进行了实证检验，通过多元回归分析，验证了产业集群创业人才孵化器对创业人才的孵化效应，揭示产业集群创业人才孵化器的三个维度：集群文化氛围、集群孵化网络和集群孵化资源对创业人才成长三个维度的不同影响作用。
然后，在深入研究创业人才社会资本内涵的基础上，运用文献研究、深度访谈和问卷调查的方法，编制了创业人才社会资本的测量量表，构建了创业人才社会资本的四维结构模型：认知维度、信任维度、网络维度和资源维度。提出基于社会资本视角的产业集群孵化创业人才假设模型，运用结构方程模型的方法，对假设模型进行实证检验，结果表明，研究模型与样本数据拟合较好，假设模型较为合理，揭示了产业集群创业人才孵化器对创业人才的作用机制。
最后，在基于社会资本视角的产业集群孵化创业人才模型的基础上，从社会资本的四个维度出发，利用认知理论、信任理论、网络理论和资源理论，对产业集群创业人才孵化器的功能进行研究和分析。结果表明，认知趋同、信任合作、网络支持和资源配置是产业集群创业人才孵化器最主要的四个功能，并据此建立产业集群创业人才孵化器的功能结构模型。对于如何强化和提升产业集群创业人才孵化的功能，从孵化文化氛围、孵化网络和孵化资源三个方面探讨产业集群创业人才孵化器功能提升机制，为集群政策制定和创业人才认知成长规律提供理论依据和决策参考。
Entrepreneurial activity is a complex social process, and also is a highly risky behaviour; its high failure rate caused huge waster of social resources and personal wealth. Incubator could systematically organize various social resources, create good incubation environment for incubated enterprises, increase their capacity to take risks, thereby it could effectively improve success and survival rates of the incubated enterprises. By virtue of superior entrepreneurial mechanism and mature relationship networks, industrial clusters can promote entrepreneurs and new venture development, and become the 'incubator'of entrepreneurs and enterprises. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study on industrial clusters incubating entrepreneurs, and explore the mechanism and functional structure of industrial cluster on the entrepreneurs.
Firstly, applying the method of literature analysis, according to the theory of industrial clusters and incubator, the thesis deeply analyzes the definition and characteristics of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator. Applying the methods of literature research, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey, it analyzes and researches the dimensions of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator. The formal scale is constructed through the research methods of the items analysis, exploratory factor test and so forth. Confirmatory factor analysis approach is conducted to verify the three-dimension structure model of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, which is composed by clusters cultural atmosphere, clusters incubation network and clusters incubation resources. Then industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator model is constructed.
Secondly, drawing on the theories of career success and new ventures growth, applying the methods of literature research, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey, the thesis develops the measurement scale of entrepreneurial growth. Then the three-dimension structure model of entrepreneurial growth is constructed, which is composed by entrepreneurial competence promotion, entrepreneurial self-efficacy strengthen and entrepreneurial performance growth. Then the measurement scale is applied in the empirical survey, through multiple regression analysis, it verifies the incubation effect of industrial clusters incubator on entrepreneur, reveales the differences of the three dimensions of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, which is composed of clusters cultural atmosphere, clusters incubation network and clusters incubation resources, on the three dimensions of entrepreneurial growth.
Thirdly, based on deeply exploration on the definition of entrepreneurial social capital, applying the methods of literature research, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey, the thesis develops the measurement scale of entrepreneurial social capital. Then the four-dimension structure model of entrepreneurial social capital is constructed, which is composed of cognitive dimension, trust dimension, network dimension and resources dimension. Then it proposed the assumption model of industrial clusters incubating entrepreneur from the perspective of social capital, and verifies the assumption model through the method of structural equation model. Data analysis results showes that the research model and sample data fits well, the assumption model is reasonable, it reveales the mechanism of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator on entrepreneurial growth.
Finally, based on the model of industrial clusters incubating entrepreneur from the perspective of social capital, from the four dimensions of social capital, using cognitive theory, trust theory, network theory and resources theory, it studies and analyzes the function of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator. The results show that cognitive coherence, trust cooperation, network support and resource allocation are the four major functions of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, then the functional structure model of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator is constructed. For how to strengthen and enhance the function of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, from incubation cultural atmosphere, incubation network and clusters incubation resources three aspects, the thesis explores function enhancement mechanism of industrial clusters entrepreneur incubator, which could provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for industrial clusters'policy making, and also entrepreneur recognizing their growth regularity.
引文
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