地铁富水软弱地层连拱隧道的非降水施工技术
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摘要
在富水软弱地层进行浅埋暗挖法隧道施工，首选降水技术。在城市繁华地段为环境所限，采用以洞内为主的超前预加固技术日益广泛。本文针对深圳地铁大剧院至科学馆区间工程的特殊边界条件，进行多种加固和控制地下水的施工方案进行比选，确定以水平旋喷桩超前预加固、小导管补充注浆为主，洞内引水、洞外局部动态降水为辅的综合施工技术，阐述不同地层水平旋喷桩的加固方案，通过室内模型试验、原位试验和有限元理论模拟动态分析，论证加固的力学效果。在浅埋大断面和连拱隧道区间，阐述通过试验和分析得出的主要结论和所选取的施工路线、不同施工方法和加固方案，对控制地面沉降，特别是重要管线—煤气管线的沉降，提出针对性措施，取得良好效果。最后文章还论述信息化施工广泛收集信息的重要性，把局限为监控量测的传统做法扩展至工程施工的全过程。
The first choice for the tunnel engineering through the method of shallow-buried and blind digging on the condition of water-enriched and soft layer is the technology of reducing underground water level. At the area of prosperity section in the metropolis city, the technique of pre-reinforcement in advance featured with pumping water from the inner pipe due to the limitation of the construction environment has become more and more popular.
The paper would choose the project engineering of Subway Theatre -Scientific Museum in Shenzhen city as the example to illustrate it. Facing the complex border condition, we firstly compare the adopted many working procedures of reinforced/strengthened and underground water level controlling, and then assume the comprehensive working procedure which takes using the horizontal-whirl cement power spray pile to reinforce/strengthen in advance and the small pipe to pour the mortar as the dominant way as well as regards using the ways of pump water from the inner pipe and dynamic reducing the water level outside the pipe partially as the assist way. In this way, we would like to illustrate the various strengthened engineering way upon the different layers and attempt to prove the method of mechanics reinforced effect through the ways of model test in the lab, testing on site and the limited factors theory simulation analysis. Between the section of shallow-buried and continuous arched tunnels, for the purpose of
control the ground settlement effectively, especially the settlement of the important pipes-coal gas pipes, the paper will summit some counter measures by illustrating the key conclusions made from the testing and analysis as well as the chosen engineering route, the various working procedure and the distinct strengthened methods, as a result, the counter measure given by this paper has acquired the ideal achievement. In the final, the paper also discusses the importance of the information collection during the process of informationization engineering, still, the paper expands the traditional ways which limited on the inspection and surveying control to the whole engineering process.
The first choice for the tunnel engineering through the method of shallow-buried and blind digging on the condition of water-enriched and soft layer is the technology of reducing underground water level. At the area of prosperity section in the metropolis city, the technique of pre-reinforcement in advance featured with pumping water from the inner pipe due to the limitation of the construction environment has become more and more popular.
The paper would choose the project engineering of Subway Theatre -Scientific Museum in Shenzhen city as the example to illustrate it. Facing the complex border condition, we firstly compare the adopted many working procedures of reinforced/strengthened and underground water level controlling, and then assume the comprehensive working procedure which takes using the horizontal-whirl cement power spray pile to reinforce/strengthen in advance and the small pipe to pour the mortar as the dominant way as well as regards using the ways of pump water from the inner pipe and dynamic reducing the water level outside the pipe partially as the assist way. In this way, we would like to illustrate the various strengthened engineering way upon the different layers and attempt to prove the method of mechanics reinforced effect through the ways of model test in the lab, testing on site and the limited factors theory simulation analysis. Between the section of shallow-buried and continuous arched tunnels, for the purpose of
control the ground settlement effectively, especially the settlement of the important pipes-coal gas pipes, the paper will summit some counter measures by illustrating the key conclusions made from the testing and analysis as well as the chosen engineering route, the various working procedure and the distinct strengthened methods, as a result, the counter measure given by this paper has acquired the ideal achievement. In the final, the paper also discusses the importance of the information collection during the process of informationization engineering, still, the paper expands the traditional ways which limited on the inspection and surveying control to the whole engineering process.
引文
1 钱七虎．岩土工程的第四次浪潮[J]．地下空间，1999，19(4)：267～272
2 刘宝琛．急待深入研究的地铁建设中的岩土力学课题[J]．铁道建筑技术，2000，(3)：1～3
3 孙星亮，景诗庭．水平钻孔旋喷注浆加固地层效果研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1998，17(5)：589～593
4 曹留金，李昕炜．改性水玻璃浆液的试验及应用研究[J]．石家庄铁道学院学报，14(2)：92～94
5 张民庆，王汝澄等．饱和含水砂层垂直注浆技术试验研究[J]．施工技术，1998，(4)：28～29
6 孙均，候学渊．地下结构[M]．北京：科学出版社，1988．631～638
7 孙均．地下工程设计理论与实践[M]．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1996
8 杨奇．李青其．东风水电工程地下厂房开挖顺序对围岩稳定的影响[A]．复杂岩石中建筑物学术会议[C]，北京，1985
9 龚晓南等．土工计算机分析[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002
10 殷有泉．固体力学非线性有限元引论[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1986
11 Martos, F, concerning an approximate equation of subsidence trough and its time factors [A].proc of the international state control congress[C].Leipzig, 1958
12 西南交大．深圳地铁大～科区间数值模拟分析科研报告[R]，2003
13 西南交大．深圳地铁大～科区间离心试验科研报告[R]，2003
14 中铁四局，西南交大．地铁车站及区间隧道量测科研报告[R]，2003
15 中铁四局，西南交大．软弱富水地层中修建地铁车站和浅埋大跨度群洞隧道技术研究报告[R]，2003
16 吴波，高波，漆泰岳，蒋正华．城市地铁区间隧道洞群开挖顺序优化分析[J]．中国铁道科学，2003，(5)
17 吴波，高波，周振强．深圳地铁区间隧道富水地层非降水施工技术研究[J]．土木工程学报(已录用)
18 仝学让，吴波，周振强．城市地铁复杂洞群施工性态的数值模拟与分析[[A]．中国交通土建学术会论文集[C]，2003
19 王暖堂，陈瑞阳，谢箐．城市地铁复杂洞群浅埋暗挖法施工技术[J]．岩土力学，2002，23(2)：208～212．
20 陈西霞，邢玲艳．北京地铁王府井-东单区间折返线及渡线施工方案研究与实施[J]．铁道建筑，1999，2：2～6．
21 胡元芳．小线间距城市双线隧道围岩稳定性分析[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2002，21(9)：1335～1338．
22 Gutter U, Stoffers U. Investigation of the deformation and collapse behaviour of circular lined tunnels in centrifuge model tests[A]. Centrifuge in Soil Mechanics[C]. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1988.183～186
23 Shinichiro Imamura, Toshiyuki Hagiwara, Kenji Mito, et al. Settlement through above a model shield observed in a centrifuge[A]. Centrifuge 98[C]. Tokyo, 1998.713～719
24 Wu B R, Chiou S Y, Lee C J, et al. Soil movements around parallel tunnels in soft ground[A]. Centrifuge 98[C], Tokyo, 1988.739～744
25 Toshi Nomoto, Shinichiro Imamura, et al, Shield tunnel construction in centrifuge[J], J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(4), 1999.289～299
26 Takao Shimada et al，隧道开挖中的地表下沉模型试验[J]，隧道译丛，1983(1)
27 Kimura T, Takemura J, Hiro-oka A, et al. Stability of unsupported and supported vertical cuts in soft caly[A].Proc 11th Southwest Asian Geo
Cont[C],Singapore: 1993,61～70
28 Loh C K, Tan T S, Lee F H. Three-dimensional excavation test[A]. Centrifuge 98.85～90
29 周小文，濮家骝．砂土中隧洞开挖引起的地面沉降试验研究[J]．岩土力学，2002，23(5)：559～563
30 陶履彬，侯学渊圆形隧道的应力场和位移场[J]．隧道及地下工程，1986，7(1)：9～19
31 久武胜保．软岩隧道的非线性弹塑性状态[J]．隧道译丛，1992(1)：11～18
32 Litwiniszyn J, Fundamental principles of the mechanics of stochastic medium, Proc. of 3th Conf. Theo. Appl. Mech., Bongalore, India, 1957
33 Liu Baochen, Ground surface movements due to underground excavation in the P. R. China, in Hudson ed. , Comprehensive Rock Engineering[M], chap. 29, Volume 4, New York: Pergamon Press, 1993.781～817
34 刘宝琛，廖国华．煤矿地表移动的基本规律[M]．北京：中国工业出版社，1965
35 刘宝琛，阳军生，张家生．露天开挖及疏水引起的地表移动及变形[M]．煤炭学报，1999(1)
36 阳军生，刘宝琛．城市隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002
37 交通部公路规范设计院主编．公路桥梁设计通用规范[S]，北京：人民交通出版社，2001
38 城市桥梁设计荷载标准[S]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
39 六四式／加强型军用梁铁路军用梁手册[S]．增订版．北京：中国铁道建筑总公司，1998
40 施仲衡．地下铁道设计与施工[M]．西安：陕西科学技术出版社，1997
41 高毓才．建设中的北京地铁[M]．北京：中国地铁出版社，1999
42 GB50299-1999，地下铁道施工及验收规范[S]
43 仝学让，周振强，吴波，高波．城市隧道施工对管线的影响的试验与数值分析[J]．地质与勘探，2003，(增)
44 周振强，仝学让，吴波．深圳地铁大～科区间施工技术[J]．铁道工程学报，2002，(增)
45 沈尧兴，周振强等．深圳地铁大～科区间施工技术—富水地层的非降水施工技术[J]．铁道工程学报增刊．2002：150～154
46 仝学让，周振强等．深圳地铁大～科区间隧道水平旋喷预加固力学效果研究[J]．铁道工程学报增刊，2002：55～58
47 吴波，漆泰岳等．深圳地铁大～科区间隧道施工对邻近管线影响的三维仿真分析[J]．铁道工程学报增刊，2002：59～62
48 袁广龙，周振强等．粘弹性分析及其在地铁区间锚喷支护隧道中的应用[J]．铁道工程学报增刊，2002：63～65
2 刘宝琛．急待深入研究的地铁建设中的岩土力学课题[J]．铁道建筑技术，2000，(3)：1～3
3 孙星亮，景诗庭．水平钻孔旋喷注浆加固地层效果研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1998，17(5)：589～593
4 曹留金，李昕炜．改性水玻璃浆液的试验及应用研究[J]．石家庄铁道学院学报，14(2)：92～94
5 张民庆，王汝澄等．饱和含水砂层垂直注浆技术试验研究[J]．施工技术，1998，(4)：28～29
6 孙均，候学渊．地下结构[M]．北京：科学出版社，1988．631～638
7 孙均．地下工程设计理论与实践[M]．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1996
8 杨奇．李青其．东风水电工程地下厂房开挖顺序对围岩稳定的影响[A]．复杂岩石中建筑物学术会议[C]，北京，1985
9 龚晓南等．土工计算机分析[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002
10 殷有泉．固体力学非线性有限元引论[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1986
11 Martos, F, concerning an approximate equation of subsidence trough and its time factors [A].proc of the international state control congress[C].Leipzig, 1958
12 西南交大．深圳地铁大～科区间数值模拟分析科研报告[R]，2003
13 西南交大．深圳地铁大～科区间离心试验科研报告[R]，2003
14 中铁四局，西南交大．地铁车站及区间隧道量测科研报告[R]，2003
15 中铁四局，西南交大．软弱富水地层中修建地铁车站和浅埋大跨度群洞隧道技术研究报告[R]，2003
16 吴波，高波，漆泰岳，蒋正华．城市地铁区间隧道洞群开挖顺序优化分析[J]．中国铁道科学，2003，(5)
17 吴波，高波，周振强．深圳地铁区间隧道富水地层非降水施工技术研究[J]．土木工程学报(已录用)
18 仝学让，吴波，周振强．城市地铁复杂洞群施工性态的数值模拟与分析[[A]．中国交通土建学术会论文集[C]，2003
19 王暖堂，陈瑞阳，谢箐．城市地铁复杂洞群浅埋暗挖法施工技术[J]．岩土力学，2002，23(2)：208～212．
20 陈西霞，邢玲艳．北京地铁王府井-东单区间折返线及渡线施工方案研究与实施[J]．铁道建筑，1999，2：2～6．
21 胡元芳．小线间距城市双线隧道围岩稳定性分析[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2002，21(9)：1335～1338．
22 Gutter U, Stoffers U. Investigation of the deformation and collapse behaviour of circular lined tunnels in centrifuge model tests[A]. Centrifuge in Soil Mechanics[C]. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1988.183～186
23 Shinichiro Imamura, Toshiyuki Hagiwara, Kenji Mito, et al. Settlement through above a model shield observed in a centrifuge[A]. Centrifuge 98[C]. Tokyo, 1998.713～719
24 Wu B R, Chiou S Y, Lee C J, et al. Soil movements around parallel tunnels in soft ground[A]. Centrifuge 98[C], Tokyo, 1988.739～744
25 Toshi Nomoto, Shinichiro Imamura, et al, Shield tunnel construction in centrifuge[J], J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(4), 1999.289～299
26 Takao Shimada et al，隧道开挖中的地表下沉模型试验[J]，隧道译丛，1983(1)
27 Kimura T, Takemura J, Hiro-oka A, et al. Stability of unsupported and supported vertical cuts in soft caly[A].Proc 11th Southwest Asian Geo
Cont[C],Singapore: 1993,61～70
28 Loh C K, Tan T S, Lee F H. Three-dimensional excavation test[A]. Centrifuge 98.85～90
29 周小文，濮家骝．砂土中隧洞开挖引起的地面沉降试验研究[J]．岩土力学，2002，23(5)：559～563
30 陶履彬，侯学渊圆形隧道的应力场和位移场[J]．隧道及地下工程，1986，7(1)：9～19
31 久武胜保．软岩隧道的非线性弹塑性状态[J]．隧道译丛，1992(1)：11～18
32 Litwiniszyn J, Fundamental principles of the mechanics of stochastic medium, Proc. of 3th Conf. Theo. Appl. Mech., Bongalore, India, 1957
33 Liu Baochen, Ground surface movements due to underground excavation in the P. R. China, in Hudson ed. , Comprehensive Rock Engineering[M], chap. 29, Volume 4, New York: Pergamon Press, 1993.781～817
34 刘宝琛，廖国华．煤矿地表移动的基本规律[M]．北京：中国工业出版社，1965
35 刘宝琛，阳军生，张家生．露天开挖及疏水引起的地表移动及变形[M]．煤炭学报，1999(1)
36 阳军生，刘宝琛．城市隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002
37 交通部公路规范设计院主编．公路桥梁设计通用规范[S]，北京：人民交通出版社，2001
38 城市桥梁设计荷载标准[S]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
39 六四式／加强型军用梁铁路军用梁手册[S]．增订版．北京：中国铁道建筑总公司，1998
40 施仲衡．地下铁道设计与施工[M]．西安：陕西科学技术出版社，1997
41 高毓才．建设中的北京地铁[M]．北京：中国地铁出版社，1999
42 GB50299-1999，地下铁道施工及验收规范[S]
43 仝学让，周振强，吴波，高波．城市隧道施工对管线的影响的试验与数值分析[J]．地质与勘探，2003，(增)
44 周振强，仝学让，吴波．深圳地铁大～科区间施工技术[J]．铁道工程学报，2002，(增)
45 沈尧兴，周振强等．深圳地铁大～科区间施工技术—富水地层的非降水施工技术[J]．铁道工程学报增刊．2002：150～154
46 仝学让，周振强等．深圳地铁大～科区间隧道水平旋喷预加固力学效果研究[J]．铁道工程学报增刊，2002：55～58
47 吴波，漆泰岳等．深圳地铁大～科区间隧道施工对邻近管线影响的三维仿真分析[J]．铁道工程学报增刊，2002：59～62
48 袁广龙，周振强等．粘弹性分析及其在地铁区间锚喷支护隧道中的应用[J]．铁道工程学报增刊，2002：63～65