壳聚糖衍生物金属配合物的制备及其抑菌、抗氧化活性研究
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摘要
本论文制备了几种壳聚糖衍生物金属配合物,并对其抑菌及抗氧化活性进行
    了研究。
     采用微波辐射制备了不同分子量的壳聚糖,探讨反应介质、氧化剂与壳聚糖
    配比、辐射功率和辐射时间对降解反应的影响。结果表明:选择不同的反应条件,
    微波辐射 1-6min 就可制备出相对分子量在 1-10 万之间不同分子量大小的壳聚
    糖,且反应产率高、重复性好。
     在微波辐射下进行壳聚糖的羧甲基化反应,制备羧甲基壳聚糖。在此基础上,
    不同分子量的壳聚糖及羧甲基壳聚糖与金属盐溶液反应制备壳聚糖 Cu(Ⅱ)、
    Zn(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅲ)配合物和羧甲基壳聚糖 Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)配合物。对壳聚糖 Cr(Ⅲ)
    配合物的制备工艺进行了详细探讨。采用紫外、红外等分析手段对配位基团和配
    位方式进行了分析。
     首次采用微波辐射技术对壳聚糖及其铜、锌配合物进行硫酸酯化修饰,合
    成壳聚糖硫酸酯 Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)配合物,产物具有良好的水溶性、硫酸基含量
    在 30%以上。采用红外、核磁共振等分析手段对配合物的结构进行了分析确定。
     以 NADH-PMS-NBT 体系产生超氧阴离子自由基(O2 )和 EDTANa2 Fe(Ⅱ)-H2O2
     ·-
     ·
    体系产生羟自由基(·OH)来研究配合物对氧自由基的清除活性,从而考察其抗
    氧化能力。结果显示配合物对超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基均具有明显的清除作
    用,并成量效关系。其中 3 种铜(Ⅱ)配合物、低分子量壳聚糖硫酸酯 Zn(Ⅱ)配
    合物对超氧阴离子自由基具有显著的清除活性,在极低浓度下(25μg/mL)的清
    除率高达 89.18-94.18%;壳聚糖锌(Ⅱ)配合物、羧甲基壳聚糖锌(Ⅱ)配合物对
    羟自由基的清除能力最强,在 1.6mg/mL 样品浓度下的清除率分别为 72.78%、
    73.98%。对配合物的抗氧化机理进行了初步探讨。
     采用平板抑菌法测定了配合物对四种常见农作物病原菌的抑制效果。结果
    发现,不同分子量的壳聚糖 Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)配合物、羧甲基壳聚糖 Cu(Ⅱ)配合
    物及低分子量的壳聚糖硫酸酯 Cu(Ⅱ)配合物对苹果腐烂病菌有明显的抑制作
    用;低分子量壳聚糖 Cu(Ⅱ)配合物对苹果轮纹病菌有一定的抑制效果;所有配
    合物在试验浓度范围内,对棉花枯萎病菌和蕃茄早疫病菌均无抑制作用。探讨了
     i
    
    
    配合物的结构、金属含量、分子量大小等因素对抑菌性能的影响。
    通过本文的研究表明壳聚糖及其衍生物与 Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)形成的配合物具
    有明显的抗氧化活性,对某些农作物病原菌(苹果腐烂菌)也具有明显的抑制效
    果。证明金属 Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)离子对壳聚糖及其衍生物的生物活性起到一定的
    促进作用,形成配合物后具有加合性和增效性。为今后进一步研究和应用奠定了
    基础。
Some kinds of complexes of Chitosan derivatives with the metal were prepared,
    and their antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity were also studied in this paper.
     Chitosans with low molecular weight were prepared by using microwave
    irradiation. The effects of various factors:reaction solution,oxidant/Chitosan ratio,
    microwave irradiation power and time on the degradation reaction were investigated
    in this paper. The results showed that chitosans with 10-100 thousand molecular
    weight were prepared in 1-6 minutes by microwave irradiation under the different
    reaction conditions. At the same time the yield was higher and repetition was well.
     The carboxymethyl Chitosan has been prepared under microwave irradiation
    condition. Furthermore, the complexes of Chitosan with copper( Ⅱ ),zinc( Ⅱ ),
    chromium(Ⅲ) and the complexes of carboxymethyl Chitosan with copper(Ⅱ),
    zinc( Ⅱ ) have been synthesized by metal solution reacted with Chitosan or
    carboxymethyl Chitosan. Preparing conditions of the complexes chitosan with
    chromium(Ⅲ) were investigated. The configurations of them were analyzed by UV
    and IR spectra.
     For the first time, chitosan and its complexes with copper(Ⅱ) or zinc(Ⅱ) were
    sulfation modified by using microwave irradiation. The metal complexes with
    sulfation chitosan have been synthesized. All were soluble in water and vitriol group
    content was over 30%. The structures of them are characterized by IR and NMR
    spectra.
     The free radical scavenging effects on superoxide anion radical by
    NADH-PMS-NBT system and hydroxyl radical by EDTANa2·Fe(Ⅱ)-H2O2 system of
    these complexes were studied. The antioxidant ability of them was analyzed from it.
    The results demonstrated that all of the complexes showed excellent ability for
    scavenging the superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical. Three kinds of
    copper(Ⅱ) complexes and the low-molecular-weight complexes of sulfation chitosan
    with zinc(Ⅱ) displayed the highest scavenging effects on the superoxide anion radical.
    When mass concentration of samples was 25μg/mL,the scavenging activity were
    89.18-94.18%. The complexes chtiosan with zinc( Ⅱ )and the complexes of
    carboxymethyl Chitosan with zinc(Ⅱ) displayed the highest scavenging effects on the
    hydroxyl radical. When mass concentration of samples was 1.6mg/mL,the scavenging
    activity were 72.78%, 73.98%.The antioxidation mechanism of these samples were
    also investigated.
     The inhibition effects of the complexes on the four kinds of the growth of crop
    pathogenic fungi were tested on PDA medium.The results showed that the different
    molecular weight of the complexes of Chitosan with copper(Ⅱ)or zinc(Ⅱ), the
    complexes of carboxymethyl Chitosan with copper(Ⅱ) and the low-molecular-weight
     iii
    
    
    complexes of sulfation chitosan with copper(Ⅱ) had excellent inhibition on Valsa
    mali. The low-molecular-weight complexes of chitosan with copper( Ⅱ ) had
    inhibition on Botyosphaeria berengeriana. All of samples had no inhibition on
    Fusarinm oxysporium.f.sp.vasinfectum and Alternaria Solani under this test
    conditions. The effects of the structures, the metal content and molecular weight of
    the complexes on inhibition activity wree investigated.
     The results showed that the complexes of chitosan and its with copper(Ⅱ),
    zinc(Ⅱ) had excellent ability for scavenging the superoxide anion radical and
    hydroxyl radical and had also inhibition effects on the growth of crop pathogenic
    fungi(Valsa mali). It was proved that the metal ion advanced biology activity of these
    complexes, the complexes added their activities. It was estabished the foundations for
    study and apply for the future.
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