Al0.8Mn0.5Fe合金铸轧板坯均匀化研究
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摘要
不粘锅用材要求深冲性能良好，表面无裂纹。本文针对新型不粘锅用材A10.8Mn0.5Fe系铝板铸轧坯料进行了均匀化处理系统研究。通过不同均匀化温度下力学性能检测、金相微观组织分析，研究了不同均匀化温度和不同退火时间与铸轧板坯的微观组织、力学性能之间的变化规律，以及不同升温速度对临界变形度及成品组织和性能的影响。主要结论如下：
(1)在均匀化过程中，合金的显微组织主要出现两个方面的变化：一方面，500℃以下均匀化，非平衡的过饱和固溶体基体先析出平衡相，580℃以上的均匀化，这些平衡相又回溶到固溶体基体中；另一方面，铸锭凝固时枝晶间存在的粗大金属间化合物逐渐溶解球化，到540℃～580℃时枝晶基本消失，高于580℃均匀化晶粒显著粗化。
(2)540℃均匀化后，第二相最细小弥散，晶粒为椭圆的等轴晶，最适宜的均匀化工艺为540℃保温4小时。
(3)均匀化温度为540℃、580℃时成品抗拉强度和延伸率几乎都在460℃下出现最低点，其变化趋势像双“V”字型，与一般的剪刀型曲线不一样，其变化规律与一般铝合金退火过程中的变化规律不同。
(4)经过540℃、580℃均匀化处理后的两种样品，其抗拉强度和延伸率在成品退火温度为460℃时分别出现最低点和相对最高点，满足Al0.8Mn0.5Fe作为不粘锅深冲材料的综合性能。因此，在540℃、580℃的均匀化温度下退火，可使成品材料获得有益的抗拉强度和延伸率。
(5)当均匀化升温速度为2.0℃／min时，可使材料组织发生再结晶并得到低抗拉强度和高延伸率的力学性能。在540℃下均匀化，保温4h后的成品组织都是沿着轧向呈拉长的纤维组织，保温8h后的成品组织随着冷变形量的增加而逐渐发生再结晶。因此，在相同的均匀化温度(540℃)和成品退火制度下，均匀化时间越短，成品合金试样发生再结晶所需的临界变形度越大。
Good deep-drawing property and no cracks on the surface is required for non-viscous pan materials. The homogenization annealing on A10.8Mn0.5Fe stock Alloy strips by continuous cast-rolling for new non-viscous pan materials were systematically studied in this article. Combining with mechanical property testing and microstructure analysis which with different homogenization temperature, effect of homogeneously annealing temperature and time on microstructure, heating-up speed on critical deformation value were studied. Main conclusion as follows:
(1) Two aspects changes in microstructure of alloy in the course of homogenization annealing: On the one hand, equilibrium phase precipitated firstly from non-equilibrium supersaturated solid solution when homogenization temperature is below 500℃. The equilibrium phases resolve into the solution matrixes when homogenized above 580℃. On the other hand, the large intermetallic compound which formed when cast ingot solidificated dissolved and spheroidized. Dendrite microstructure disappeared when temperature is between 540℃-580℃, and the grains were coarsened remarkably when homogenization temperature above 580℃.
(2) The fine second phase were dispersed and the grains were elliptical equiaxed grains after homogenization treatment at 540℃. So the appropriated homogenization treatment processing should be at 540℃for 4h.
(3) Both of the tensile strength and elongation of final product almost appeared lower-most point when homogenization temperature at 540℃580℃. The varying rule like V pattern, and didn't like conventional scissors curve. So varying rule was different from conventional curve.
(4) Tensile strength of final product appeared lower-most point and elongation appeared peak when treatment temperature at 460℃which the homogenization temperature at 540℃and 580℃. And it meet requirement of deep-drawing material as the non-viscous pan. So final product may obtained the best tensile strength and elongation when annealed at 460℃or 580℃.
(5) The product occurred recrystallization and the mechanical property appeared lower Tensile strength and high elongation. The structure was fibrous grain along roll direction when homogenization at 540℃for 4h. And it occurred recrystallization when for 8h. So, the homogenization time litter, critical deformation of the product larger, when homogenization at same temperature(540℃) and same annealing technology.
(1)在均匀化过程中，合金的显微组织主要出现两个方面的变化：一方面，500℃以下均匀化，非平衡的过饱和固溶体基体先析出平衡相，580℃以上的均匀化，这些平衡相又回溶到固溶体基体中；另一方面，铸锭凝固时枝晶间存在的粗大金属间化合物逐渐溶解球化，到540℃～580℃时枝晶基本消失，高于580℃均匀化晶粒显著粗化。
(2)540℃均匀化后，第二相最细小弥散，晶粒为椭圆的等轴晶，最适宜的均匀化工艺为540℃保温4小时。
(3)均匀化温度为540℃、580℃时成品抗拉强度和延伸率几乎都在460℃下出现最低点，其变化趋势像双“V”字型，与一般的剪刀型曲线不一样，其变化规律与一般铝合金退火过程中的变化规律不同。
(4)经过540℃、580℃均匀化处理后的两种样品，其抗拉强度和延伸率在成品退火温度为460℃时分别出现最低点和相对最高点，满足Al0.8Mn0.5Fe作为不粘锅深冲材料的综合性能。因此，在540℃、580℃的均匀化温度下退火，可使成品材料获得有益的抗拉强度和延伸率。
(5)当均匀化升温速度为2.0℃／min时，可使材料组织发生再结晶并得到低抗拉强度和高延伸率的力学性能。在540℃下均匀化，保温4h后的成品组织都是沿着轧向呈拉长的纤维组织，保温8h后的成品组织随着冷变形量的增加而逐渐发生再结晶。因此，在相同的均匀化温度(540℃)和成品退火制度下，均匀化时间越短，成品合金试样发生再结晶所需的临界变形度越大。
Good deep-drawing property and no cracks on the surface is required for non-viscous pan materials. The homogenization annealing on A10.8Mn0.5Fe stock Alloy strips by continuous cast-rolling for new non-viscous pan materials were systematically studied in this article. Combining with mechanical property testing and microstructure analysis which with different homogenization temperature, effect of homogeneously annealing temperature and time on microstructure, heating-up speed on critical deformation value were studied. Main conclusion as follows:
(1) Two aspects changes in microstructure of alloy in the course of homogenization annealing: On the one hand, equilibrium phase precipitated firstly from non-equilibrium supersaturated solid solution when homogenization temperature is below 500℃. The equilibrium phases resolve into the solution matrixes when homogenized above 580℃. On the other hand, the large intermetallic compound which formed when cast ingot solidificated dissolved and spheroidized. Dendrite microstructure disappeared when temperature is between 540℃-580℃, and the grains were coarsened remarkably when homogenization temperature above 580℃.
(2) The fine second phase were dispersed and the grains were elliptical equiaxed grains after homogenization treatment at 540℃. So the appropriated homogenization treatment processing should be at 540℃for 4h.
(3) Both of the tensile strength and elongation of final product almost appeared lower-most point when homogenization temperature at 540℃580℃. The varying rule like V pattern, and didn't like conventional scissors curve. So varying rule was different from conventional curve.
(4) Tensile strength of final product appeared lower-most point and elongation appeared peak when treatment temperature at 460℃which the homogenization temperature at 540℃and 580℃. And it meet requirement of deep-drawing material as the non-viscous pan. So final product may obtained the best tensile strength and elongation when annealed at 460℃or 580℃.
(5) The product occurred recrystallization and the mechanical property appeared lower Tensile strength and high elongation. The structure was fibrous grain along roll direction when homogenization at 540℃for 4h. And it occurred recrystallization when for 8h. So, the homogenization time litter, critical deformation of the product larger, when homogenization at same temperature(540℃) and same annealing technology.
引文
1．谢暑英．连续挤压开发3103(3003)铝合金管[J]，铝加工，2002，25(4)：21—24．
2．陈代伦．均热制度对3102空调箔组织性能的影响[J]，铝加工，2003，(4)：55-58．
3．田荣章．铝合金及其加工手册[M]．湖南：中南大学出版社，2000．
4．[苏]多巴特金等主编，铝合金半成品的组织与性能[M]，冶金工业出版社，1984．
5．陈刚，陈鼎．锰在有色金属中的应用．中国锰业[J]，2003，21(1)：34-37．
6．李坊平，钟华萍．高压锅用铝锰合金圆片生产技术[J]。铝加工，1999，22(6)：11-12．
7．张艳．我国铝板带坯生产现状与发展方向[J]，有色金属加工，2002，31(4)：43-44．
8．蒋显全，李宁，张秀锦，等．3102合金翅片铝箔铸轧过程的晶粒变化与控制[J]．特种铸造及有色合金，2006，26(7)：454～456．
9. M.Yun,S. Lokyer, J.D.Hunt. Twin roll casting of aluminium alloys[J]. Mater.Sci.Eng. 2000,A280(1): 116～123.
10. R.Cook,P.G.Grocok,E.M.Thomas,D.V. Edmonds, J.D.Hunt. Development of the twin-roll casting process[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 1995,55 (2):76-84.
11．王祝掌，迈向新世纪的世界铝带坯铸轧，轻合金加工技术[J]，2001，29(4)：8-15．
12．郑宪．不粘锅用3003-4铝合金熔铸工艺研究[J]，轻合金加工技术，1998，26(2)：5-7．
13．卢德强．铸轧法和热轧法生产空调铝箔的工艺和产品对比，轻合金加工技术[J]，2003，31(7)：17-21．
14．冶金工业部情报总所，铝连续铸轧法是节能和解决民用铝材的好方法[R]．1983，(6)：4-7．
15．王彬．均匀化处理对3003合金深冲性能的影响[J]，铝加工，2004，(5)：37-41．
16. Liu Yi-Lin,Delaey L,Aernoudt etal. Substructure development and mechanic-cal properties in cold-rolled aluminium alloy 3004: Substructure development[J]. Materials Science and Engineer, 1987,96(12): 125-137.
17．蒋显全，张新明．3004铝合金铸锭均匀化的组织变化[J]．铝加工，1992，(5)：44-47．
18．陈永禄，傅高升，陈文哲．均匀化退火对Al-1Mn-1Mg合金中析出相形态的影响[J]．材料热处理学报，1999，9(3)：556-561．
19. Liu Y L,Kang S B,Kim H W. The complex microstructures in an as-cast A1MgSi alloy[J]. Materials Letters, 199,41:267-272.
20. Cai M,Field D P, Lorimer G W. A systematic comparision of static and dynmic aging of two Al-Mg-Si alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering,2004,A373:65-71.
21. Marioara C D,Andersen S J,Jansen J,etal. The influence of temperature and storage time at RT on nucleation of the 13 phase in a 6082 AI-Mg-Si alloy[J]. Acta Materialia,2003,51:789-793.
22. Lodgaard Lars,Ryum Nils. Precipitation of dispersoids containing Mn and/or Cr in Al-Mg-Si alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineer,2000,A283:144-152.
23．仲志国，左秀荣，翁永刚等．变形铝合金均匀化热处理的应用与研究进展[J]．轻合金加工技术，2006，34(1)：10-13．
24. Totik Y, Sadeler R,Kaymaz I,etal. The effect of homogenization on cold deformations of AA2014 and AA6063 alloys[J]. Materials Processing Technology,2004,147:60-64.
25．孙东立，姜石峰，高兴锡．均匀化处理对3004铝合金显微组织的影响[J]．中国有色金属学报，1999，9(3)：556-561．
26. Porter D A,Easterling K E. Phase transformations in metals and alloys[M]. New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, 1981:62-69.
27．宁爱林，曾苏民．强化均匀化对7804铝合金铸态组织与性能的影响[J]．热加工工艺，2003，(6)：5-7．
28．曾苏民．影响铝合金固溶保温时间的多因素相关规律[J]．中国有色金属学报，1999，9(1)：79-86．
29．蒋显全．A10．2Mn0．3Fe翅片铝箔的组织和性能研究，四川大学博士学位论文，2006．
30．易光．铝合金热处理设备的发展与关键技术，工业加热，1999，(1)：20-24．
31．潘复生，张静．铝箔材料[M]，化学工业出版社，2005，69—116．
32．刘振海．热分析导论[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，1991．224-226．
33. Cantor B.Differential scanning calorimetry and the advanced solidification processing of metals and alloys[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis,1994,42(4): 647-665.
34. Chen S W, Lin C C, Chen C M. Determination of the melting and solidification characteristics of solders using differential scanning calorimetry[J]. Metall Trans, 1998, 29A(7): 1965-1972.
35．《轻金属材料加工手册》编写组．轻金属材料加工手册，上册[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1979．201．
36．束德林．金属力学性能，北京：机械工业出版社，1997．
37. Nakai M, Etoh T. Effect of the morphology of constituents and dispersoids on fracture toughness and fatigue crack propapation rate in 2024 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals, 1995,45:677-680.
38. Hahn G T, Rosenfield A R. Metallurgical factors affecting fracture toughness of aluminum alloy[J].Metall Trans A, 1975,6A:653-668.
39．王彬．均匀化处理对3003合金深冲性能的影响[J]，铝加工，2004，158(5)：37-41．
40．陈永禄，傅高升，孙锋山等．易拉罐铝材高效熔体处理后的铸态及均匀化组织特征[J]，中国有色金属学报，2002，12(3)：146—149．
41．范顺科．袖珍世界有色金属牌号手册[M]，北京，机械工业出版社，2000．3．
42．冯端．金属物理[M]，科学出版社，1987．
43. Purdy G R, Kirkaldy J S. Homogenization by diffusion[J].Metall Trans, 1971,(2):371-378.
44. Cole G S. Inhomogeneities and their control via solidification[J].Metall Trans, 1971,(2):357-370.
45．李纯迟，蒋显全，何健，何洪，阳浩．均匀化温度对Al-0．8Mn-0．5Fe合金铸轧板坯组织的影响[J]，特种铸造及有色合金，2006，26(11)：747-749．
2．陈代伦．均热制度对3102空调箔组织性能的影响[J]，铝加工，2003，(4)：55-58．
3．田荣章．铝合金及其加工手册[M]．湖南：中南大学出版社，2000．
4．[苏]多巴特金等主编，铝合金半成品的组织与性能[M]，冶金工业出版社，1984．
5．陈刚，陈鼎．锰在有色金属中的应用．中国锰业[J]，2003，21(1)：34-37．
6．李坊平，钟华萍．高压锅用铝锰合金圆片生产技术[J]。铝加工，1999，22(6)：11-12．
7．张艳．我国铝板带坯生产现状与发展方向[J]，有色金属加工，2002，31(4)：43-44．
8．蒋显全，李宁，张秀锦，等．3102合金翅片铝箔铸轧过程的晶粒变化与控制[J]．特种铸造及有色合金，2006，26(7)：454～456．
9. M.Yun,S. Lokyer, J.D.Hunt. Twin roll casting of aluminium alloys[J]. Mater.Sci.Eng. 2000,A280(1): 116～123.
10. R.Cook,P.G.Grocok,E.M.Thomas,D.V. Edmonds, J.D.Hunt. Development of the twin-roll casting process[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 1995,55 (2):76-84.
11．王祝掌，迈向新世纪的世界铝带坯铸轧，轻合金加工技术[J]，2001，29(4)：8-15．
12．郑宪．不粘锅用3003-4铝合金熔铸工艺研究[J]，轻合金加工技术，1998，26(2)：5-7．
13．卢德强．铸轧法和热轧法生产空调铝箔的工艺和产品对比，轻合金加工技术[J]，2003，31(7)：17-21．
14．冶金工业部情报总所，铝连续铸轧法是节能和解决民用铝材的好方法[R]．1983，(6)：4-7．
15．王彬．均匀化处理对3003合金深冲性能的影响[J]，铝加工，2004，(5)：37-41．
16. Liu Yi-Lin,Delaey L,Aernoudt etal. Substructure development and mechanic-cal properties in cold-rolled aluminium alloy 3004: Substructure development[J]. Materials Science and Engineer, 1987,96(12): 125-137.
17．蒋显全，张新明．3004铝合金铸锭均匀化的组织变化[J]．铝加工，1992，(5)：44-47．
18．陈永禄，傅高升，陈文哲．均匀化退火对Al-1Mn-1Mg合金中析出相形态的影响[J]．材料热处理学报，1999，9(3)：556-561．
19. Liu Y L,Kang S B,Kim H W. The complex microstructures in an as-cast A1MgSi alloy[J]. Materials Letters, 199,41:267-272.
20. Cai M,Field D P, Lorimer G W. A systematic comparision of static and dynmic aging of two Al-Mg-Si alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering,2004,A373:65-71.
21. Marioara C D,Andersen S J,Jansen J,etal. The influence of temperature and storage time at RT on nucleation of the 13 phase in a 6082 AI-Mg-Si alloy[J]. Acta Materialia,2003,51:789-793.
22. Lodgaard Lars,Ryum Nils. Precipitation of dispersoids containing Mn and/or Cr in Al-Mg-Si alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineer,2000,A283:144-152.
23．仲志国，左秀荣，翁永刚等．变形铝合金均匀化热处理的应用与研究进展[J]．轻合金加工技术，2006，34(1)：10-13．
24. Totik Y, Sadeler R,Kaymaz I,etal. The effect of homogenization on cold deformations of AA2014 and AA6063 alloys[J]. Materials Processing Technology,2004,147:60-64.
25．孙东立，姜石峰，高兴锡．均匀化处理对3004铝合金显微组织的影响[J]．中国有色金属学报，1999，9(3)：556-561．
26. Porter D A,Easterling K E. Phase transformations in metals and alloys[M]. New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, 1981:62-69.
27．宁爱林，曾苏民．强化均匀化对7804铝合金铸态组织与性能的影响[J]．热加工工艺，2003，(6)：5-7．
28．曾苏民．影响铝合金固溶保温时间的多因素相关规律[J]．中国有色金属学报，1999，9(1)：79-86．
29．蒋显全．A10．2Mn0．3Fe翅片铝箔的组织和性能研究，四川大学博士学位论文，2006．
30．易光．铝合金热处理设备的发展与关键技术，工业加热，1999，(1)：20-24．
31．潘复生，张静．铝箔材料[M]，化学工业出版社，2005，69—116．
32．刘振海．热分析导论[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，1991．224-226．
33. Cantor B.Differential scanning calorimetry and the advanced solidification processing of metals and alloys[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis,1994,42(4): 647-665.
34. Chen S W, Lin C C, Chen C M. Determination of the melting and solidification characteristics of solders using differential scanning calorimetry[J]. Metall Trans, 1998, 29A(7): 1965-1972.
35．《轻金属材料加工手册》编写组．轻金属材料加工手册，上册[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1979．201．
36．束德林．金属力学性能，北京：机械工业出版社，1997．
37. Nakai M, Etoh T. Effect of the morphology of constituents and dispersoids on fracture toughness and fatigue crack propapation rate in 2024 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals, 1995,45:677-680.
38. Hahn G T, Rosenfield A R. Metallurgical factors affecting fracture toughness of aluminum alloy[J].Metall Trans A, 1975,6A:653-668.
39．王彬．均匀化处理对3003合金深冲性能的影响[J]，铝加工，2004，158(5)：37-41．
40．陈永禄，傅高升，孙锋山等．易拉罐铝材高效熔体处理后的铸态及均匀化组织特征[J]，中国有色金属学报，2002，12(3)：146—149．
41．范顺科．袖珍世界有色金属牌号手册[M]，北京，机械工业出版社，2000．3．
42．冯端．金属物理[M]，科学出版社，1987．
43. Purdy G R, Kirkaldy J S. Homogenization by diffusion[J].Metall Trans, 1971,(2):371-378.
44. Cole G S. Inhomogeneities and their control via solidification[J].Metall Trans, 1971,(2):357-370.
45．李纯迟，蒋显全，何健，何洪，阳浩．均匀化温度对Al-0．8Mn-0．5Fe合金铸轧板坯组织的影响[J]，特种铸造及有色合金，2006，26(11)：747-749．