随机人群体液免疫、生化指标随增龄变化的分析及生物学年龄的预测价值
|
摘要
目的:衰老是一种增龄变化,有其内在规律性。人类老化的进程,可以用测定的指标来判断,生物学年龄是一种客观的衡量人体老化度的指标。本文旨在通过对随机人群体液免疫和生化指标随年龄的变化进行分析,从而寻找与增龄有关的指标,即老化指标,并进一步利用老化指标对生物学年龄进行判别分析及利用逐步回归建立生物学年龄的回归方程,并观察其预测价值。
方法:实验对象为来自于大连医科大学附属一院体检中心的健康体检者,物理查体正常,各主要脏器无显著性病变,无糖尿病等慢性病史。其中男性67例,女性62例。其日历年龄分布为男性:30-39岁10例,40-49岁10例,50-59岁9例,60-69岁10例,70-79岁8例,80-89岁15例,90岁以上5例;女性30-39岁10例,40-49岁10例,50-59岁10例,60-69岁10例,70-79岁9例,80-89岁11例,90岁以上2例。分别测定其血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM、补体C3、C4及生化常规指标。将整体实验对象分成不同的组别:五岁组别、自然组别(根据疾病发生和康复效能将实验对象分为组:Ⅰ组健康期≤44岁,Ⅱ组疾病多发期45-69岁,Ⅲ组疾病高发期70-84岁,Ⅳ组生存危险期≥85岁)。利用SPSS11.5统计软件进行统计分析。
结果①随年龄的增长,免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA的水平逐渐升高,IgM逐渐下降,且这三个指标在四组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),同时免疫球蛋白水平70岁以上组在性别上无显著性差异(P>0.05),<70岁只有IgM有显著性差异;血糖随增龄逐渐增高,>85岁稍稍下降,在四组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),但各组在性别上无显著性差异(P>0.05);白蛋白和白球比随年龄的增长逐渐降低,在四组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),但在性别上无统计学意义(P>0.05);肌酐随增龄逐渐升高,各组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),且各组在性别上也具有显著性差异(P<0.05);胆固醇随年龄的增长逐渐升高, >85岁开始下降,但各组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05) ;尿酸每组男性高于女性,且Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②利用Pearson相关分析发现以下指标与年龄相关:IgG、IgA、Cre、UA、Glu、Alb、Glob、A/G。为了满足衰老指标独立性的要求,最后确定为衰老指标的有IgG、IgA、Glu、Alb、A/G。③利用这些指标通过判别分析得到各个组别的判别分析函数,同时通过逐步回归分析又可以得到生物学年龄的逐步回归方程。
结论:成年人随着年龄的增长,各种生理机能发生一系列的改变。IgG、IgA、Glu、Alb、A/G等指标与年龄之间有相关性,且相互独立,可作为衰老指标。根据衰老指标所得到的判别分析函数,可以作为评价健康水平或判断人体老化度的参考数据。
Purpose: Decrepitude is ageing change and has its own law. The aging process can be gauged by measuring index. Biological age is an objective aging-measurement index. This essay aims to find out the index related to aging, that is to say aging index, by analyzing the random population’s humeral immunity and biochemical index which changes in accordance with age, and to conduct further discriminatory analysis of biological age through aging index, as well as set up biological age regression equation through stepwise regression and observe its forecast value.
Methods: experimental subject are healthy medical examinees from physical center in the first affiliated hospital of DaLian medical university, who possess normal functioning physical body, whose main viscera have non-distinctive change, without chronic disease history like sugar diabetes. There are 67cases on male and 62cases on female. Chronological age composition is as following: 10cases on 30—39 years old male, 10cases on 40—49years old male, 9cases on 50--59 years old male, 10cases on 60--69 years old male, 8cases on 70--79 years old male, 15cases on 80--89 years old male, 5 cases on over 90 years old male; 10cases on 30--39 years old female, 10cases on 40—49years old female, 10cases on 50--59 years old female, 10cases on 60--69 years old female, 9cases on 70--79 years old female, 11cases on 80--89 years old female, 2cases on over 90 years old female. To determinate the immune globulin IgG、IgA、IgM in serum, complement C3、C4 and biological common index. Divide the whole experimental subject into different groups: group of five- year- old subject, group of ten- year- old subject, natural group (divide the experimentalsubject according to incidence of a disease and healing efficient into different groups: group1: healthy period 44years old or under, group2: disease frequent-incidence period :45—69 years old, group3: disease high-incidence period: 70—84 years old, group4 :survival-crisis period : 85 years old and over.)). Conduct statistical analysis, stepwise regression and discriminant analysis through SPSS11.5 statistical software.
Results:①in the process of aging, the level of immune globulin IgG、IgA increase, while IgM will decrease, and the three index have significant difference in the four groups(P<0.05), meanwhile, the level of immune globulin of group with over 70years old subject has no significant difference in gender(P>0.05), only IgM has significant differenceWith the subject under 70 years old; blood sugar will increase with aging, and it will decrease a little when you are over 85 years old, it has significant difference in the four groups (P<0.05) but has no significant difference in gender (P>0.05); the level of albumin and its ratio will decrease in the process of aging, it has significant difference in the four groups (P<0.05) but has no statistical significance in gender (P>0.05); Creatinine will increase in the process of aging, it has significant difference among the groups (P<0.05) and has significant difference in gender among the groups (P>0.05); Cholesterol will increase in the process of aging , and it will decrease a little when you are over 85 years old, but it has no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05); when it comes to uric acid , male is above female, and it has statistical significance in group1 and 3.②find out the following index has relation with age by Pearson correlate analysis: IgG、IgA、CR、UA、Glu、Alb、Glob、A/G.. in order to meet the need of independence of decrepitude index, the finally determined aging index include: IgG、IgA、Glu、Alb、A/G.③get every group’s discriminatory analytic function through discriminatory analysis by using these indexes, at the same time, get biological age’s stepwise regression equation through stepwise regression analysis.
Conclusion: adults’physiological function changes a lot in the process of aging, and some of the changes can be embodied through the changes of some index. Index IgG、IgA、Glu、Alb、A/G have relationship with age, and they are also independent, so they can function as decrepitude index.Discriminatory analytic function in accordance with the decrepitude index provides reference foundation for valuing health level and sanitation measures; the forecasting of biological age by stepwise regression equation provides reference foundation for determining the degree of decrepitude.
方法:实验对象为来自于大连医科大学附属一院体检中心的健康体检者,物理查体正常,各主要脏器无显著性病变,无糖尿病等慢性病史。其中男性67例,女性62例。其日历年龄分布为男性:30-39岁10例,40-49岁10例,50-59岁9例,60-69岁10例,70-79岁8例,80-89岁15例,90岁以上5例;女性30-39岁10例,40-49岁10例,50-59岁10例,60-69岁10例,70-79岁9例,80-89岁11例,90岁以上2例。分别测定其血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM、补体C3、C4及生化常规指标。将整体实验对象分成不同的组别:五岁组别、自然组别(根据疾病发生和康复效能将实验对象分为组:Ⅰ组健康期≤44岁,Ⅱ组疾病多发期45-69岁,Ⅲ组疾病高发期70-84岁,Ⅳ组生存危险期≥85岁)。利用SPSS11.5统计软件进行统计分析。
结果①随年龄的增长,免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA的水平逐渐升高,IgM逐渐下降,且这三个指标在四组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),同时免疫球蛋白水平70岁以上组在性别上无显著性差异(P>0.05),<70岁只有IgM有显著性差异;血糖随增龄逐渐增高,>85岁稍稍下降,在四组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),但各组在性别上无显著性差异(P>0.05);白蛋白和白球比随年龄的增长逐渐降低,在四组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),但在性别上无统计学意义(P>0.05);肌酐随增龄逐渐升高,各组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),且各组在性别上也具有显著性差异(P<0.05);胆固醇随年龄的增长逐渐升高, >85岁开始下降,但各组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05) ;尿酸每组男性高于女性,且Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②利用Pearson相关分析发现以下指标与年龄相关:IgG、IgA、Cre、UA、Glu、Alb、Glob、A/G。为了满足衰老指标独立性的要求,最后确定为衰老指标的有IgG、IgA、Glu、Alb、A/G。③利用这些指标通过判别分析得到各个组别的判别分析函数,同时通过逐步回归分析又可以得到生物学年龄的逐步回归方程。
结论:成年人随着年龄的增长,各种生理机能发生一系列的改变。IgG、IgA、Glu、Alb、A/G等指标与年龄之间有相关性,且相互独立,可作为衰老指标。根据衰老指标所得到的判别分析函数,可以作为评价健康水平或判断人体老化度的参考数据。
Purpose: Decrepitude is ageing change and has its own law. The aging process can be gauged by measuring index. Biological age is an objective aging-measurement index. This essay aims to find out the index related to aging, that is to say aging index, by analyzing the random population’s humeral immunity and biochemical index which changes in accordance with age, and to conduct further discriminatory analysis of biological age through aging index, as well as set up biological age regression equation through stepwise regression and observe its forecast value.
Methods: experimental subject are healthy medical examinees from physical center in the first affiliated hospital of DaLian medical university, who possess normal functioning physical body, whose main viscera have non-distinctive change, without chronic disease history like sugar diabetes. There are 67cases on male and 62cases on female. Chronological age composition is as following: 10cases on 30—39 years old male, 10cases on 40—49years old male, 9cases on 50--59 years old male, 10cases on 60--69 years old male, 8cases on 70--79 years old male, 15cases on 80--89 years old male, 5 cases on over 90 years old male; 10cases on 30--39 years old female, 10cases on 40—49years old female, 10cases on 50--59 years old female, 10cases on 60--69 years old female, 9cases on 70--79 years old female, 11cases on 80--89 years old female, 2cases on over 90 years old female. To determinate the immune globulin IgG、IgA、IgM in serum, complement C3、C4 and biological common index. Divide the whole experimental subject into different groups: group of five- year- old subject, group of ten- year- old subject, natural group (divide the experimentalsubject according to incidence of a disease and healing efficient into different groups: group1: healthy period 44years old or under, group2: disease frequent-incidence period :45—69 years old, group3: disease high-incidence period: 70—84 years old, group4 :survival-crisis period : 85 years old and over.)). Conduct statistical analysis, stepwise regression and discriminant analysis through SPSS11.5 statistical software.
Results:①in the process of aging, the level of immune globulin IgG、IgA increase, while IgM will decrease, and the three index have significant difference in the four groups(P<0.05), meanwhile, the level of immune globulin of group with over 70years old subject has no significant difference in gender(P>0.05), only IgM has significant differenceWith the subject under 70 years old; blood sugar will increase with aging, and it will decrease a little when you are over 85 years old, it has significant difference in the four groups (P<0.05) but has no significant difference in gender (P>0.05); the level of albumin and its ratio will decrease in the process of aging, it has significant difference in the four groups (P<0.05) but has no statistical significance in gender (P>0.05); Creatinine will increase in the process of aging, it has significant difference among the groups (P<0.05) and has significant difference in gender among the groups (P>0.05); Cholesterol will increase in the process of aging , and it will decrease a little when you are over 85 years old, but it has no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05); when it comes to uric acid , male is above female, and it has statistical significance in group1 and 3.②find out the following index has relation with age by Pearson correlate analysis: IgG、IgA、CR、UA、Glu、Alb、Glob、A/G.. in order to meet the need of independence of decrepitude index, the finally determined aging index include: IgG、IgA、Glu、Alb、A/G.③get every group’s discriminatory analytic function through discriminatory analysis by using these indexes, at the same time, get biological age’s stepwise regression equation through stepwise regression analysis.
Conclusion: adults’physiological function changes a lot in the process of aging, and some of the changes can be embodied through the changes of some index. Index IgG、IgA、Glu、Alb、A/G have relationship with age, and they are also independent, so they can function as decrepitude index.Discriminatory analytic function in accordance with the decrepitude index provides reference foundation for valuing health level and sanitation measures; the forecasting of biological age by stepwise regression equation provides reference foundation for determining the degree of decrepitude.
引文
1 王锋青,陈秉初.生物衰老机理研究进展.生物学教学,2004,29(02):4-7.
2 Tarazona R, solana R, Ouyang Q. Basic biology and clinical impact of immunosene- scence.Exp Gerontol,2002,37:183.
3 曾尔亢,杨蕊敏,王红,赵要武.衰老机制研究的新时代.中国社会医学杂志,2006,23(02):74-76.
4 张镜源, 胡伟明,林琼田,陈淑娟,陈建宁.人体生物学年龄数学模型的探讨.福建医科大学学报,1989,23(01):15-18.
5 郭倩玉 , 王佩显,孙琪,李晓春,黄灿亮.应用逐步回归方程求心血管系统的生物学年龄.天津医科大学学报,2001,7 (03):376-378.
6 马来记,金锡鹏,周彤,沈光祖,顾学箕.不同职业人群的生理年龄和心理年龄研究.中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2000,18(03):155-157.
7 刘 辉 . 以 年 龄 为 标 志 量 化 分 析 疾 病 和 机 体 的 康 复 效 能 . 中 国 临 床 康复,2006,10(06):12-14.
8 史进方,顾国浩.免疫衰老及其免疫学预警指标.现代免疫学 ,2005,25(04):347-349.
9 苏庆起,董爱萍.健康老年人血清免疫球蛋白的测定及临床意义.实用医技杂志,1994,(07):13-14.
10 郝群,李大金.免疫系统衰老的研究进展.上海免疫学杂志,2002,23(01):62-62.
11 Weksler ME.Changes in the B-cell repertoire with age. Vaccine, 2000, 18:1624-1628
12 张可勇,郭红艳,王海君.衰老机理及其研究进展.齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2006,27(10):1223-1224.
13 Ginaldi L, De Martinis M, D’Ostilio A. The immune system in the elderly: I.Specific humoral immunity. Immunol Res ,1999,20 :101.
14 Ansar As. Sex hormones, immune responses and autoimmune disease. J Path,1985,125:531.
15 王莲芸,周敏,贾丽丽.健康老年人血清免疫球蛋白性别比较.山西医学院学报,1995,26(04):302-303.
16 Nicholson J. A study on serum liquids of the eldly. J Geront,1978,33(01):48.
17 Bachorik PS, Lovejoy KL, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Apolipoprotein B and AI distributions in the United States, 1988-1991: results of the National Health andNutrifion Examinafion Survey Ⅲ (NHANES Ⅲ ).Clin Chem, 1997,43(12): 2364-2378.
18 庄一义.载脂蛋白 A1和 B的参 考值及 临 床 意义 . 中 国动脉 硬 化杂志 ,2006,14(03):263-266.
19 辛沈,王丽娟。老年人血清白蛋白纵向变化的研究.中国老年学杂志,1993,(03).
20 覃诗云,翟亚红,林晓丽.湛江地区人群血糖水平的调查分析.医学文选,2005,24(04) :494-495.
21 张亚琼. 3568名体检者血糖血脂水平调查分析.实用医技杂志, 2007,(02):165-166.
22 李翠芬,赵冬,王薇,孙佳艺,刘军.北京地区 45-74岁人群血清肌酐分布特征及其影响因素.心肺血管杂志,2005,24(03):129-131.
23 陈灏珠.实用内科学.人民卫生出版社,1997, 891～897.
24 林广玲,林美珊.正常人血清尿酸浓度与甘油三脂、胆固醇、肌酐的关系.江西医学检验,2003,21(02):85-86.
25 张韬玉.衰老度.临床荟萃,1991,(01):529-531.
26 马宏,张宗玉,童坦君.衰老的生物学标志.生理科学进展,2002,33(01):65-68.
27 方积乾,孙振球.卫生统计学(第五版).人民卫生出版社,24-225
28 方积乾,孙振球.卫生统计学(第五版).人民卫生出版社,242
29 欧琼,肖云珍,李翠娥,李质怀.老年人生物学年龄的测定及其相关因素分析.中华流行病学杂志,1998,(01):32.
1 史进方,顾国浩.免疫衰老及其免疫学预警指标.现代免疫学 ,2005,25(04):347-349.
2 杜炎.衰老学说八种.前进论坛,1999,12:29.
3 杨婷,张冲,陈清轩.衰老机制研究进展.中国生物工程杂志,2005,25(03):6-11.
4 王锋青,陈秉初.生物衰老机理研究进展.生物学教学,2004,29(2):4-7.
5 印 大 中 , 刘 希 彬 . 自 由 基 伤 害 衰 老 理 论 的 严 重 缺 陷 . 中 国 老 年 学 杂志,2003,3(02):123-126.
6 张可勇,郭红艳,王海君.衰老机理及其研究进展.齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2006,27(10):1223-1224
7 李坚,王艾琳,孟繁军.细胞凋亡与衰老关系的研究.华北大学学报(自然科学版),2005,6(01):43-46
8 周 海 文 , 周 曾 同 . 细 胞 衰 老 机 制 的 研 究 进 展 . 中 国 临 床 康复,2004,8(10):1934-1935.
9 王 芳 丽 . 端 粒 和 端 粒 酶 与 衰 老 关 系 的 研 究 进 展 . 动 物 医 学 进 展 ,2002,23(03):19-20.
10 江 红 . 端 粒 、 端 粒 酶 与 细 胞 衰 老 . 安 徽 师 范 大 学 学 报 (自 然 科 学 版 ),1998,21(4):406-409.
11 陈作舟.筛选机制与衰老的DNA损伤假说.生命的化学,1995,15(03):34-35
12 CERAMI.A. Hypothesis glucose as a mediator of aning. J Am Ceriatr Soc, 1985, 33: 626-634.
13 Krislal BS,Yn BP.An emerging synergistic induction of aging by free radicals and Maillard reactions. J Gerontol,1992,47(4):107-114.
14 刘 景 峰 , 王 淑 娟 . 现 代 医 学 衰 老 机 理 研 究 . 辽 宁 中 医 学 院 学 报 ,2002, 4(2):106-107.
15 王中东,黄麦华,李忠培.老年人红细胞免疫功能及 T淋巴细胞亚群检测分析.社区医学杂志,2004,2(02):17-18.
16 张 法 灿 . 肝 病 患 者 红 细 胞 免 疫 与 T淋 巴 细 胞 亚 群 的 检 测 . 广 西 医 科 大 学 学报,1999,6:795-796.
17 Ginaldi L,Lorelo MF,Corsi MP. Immunosenescence and infectious diseases. Microbes Infect, 2001,3:851-857.
18 Leng Q, Bentwich Z, Borkow G. CTLA-4 upregulation during aging. Mech Ageing Dev,2002,123(10):1419-1421.
19 Niedermuller H, Basola I, Strasser A.Age dependence of signal transduction and cell signaling as a major factor of intervention into the aging process. Arch gerontol Geriat,2001,33:151-161.
20 Bodey B,Bodey B Jr,Siegel SE. Molecular biological ontogenesis of the thymic reticulo-epithelial cell network during the organization of the cellular microenvioment. In Vivo,1999,13:267.
21 Sudhir-Gupta MP. P-glycoprotein expression in the cells of the immune system during aging. Clin Appl immunol, 2003,4:59-70.
22 Rea IM,Stewart M,Campbell P. Changes in lymphocyte subsets,interleukin 2 ,and soluble interleukin 2 receptor in old and very old age.Gerontology ,1996 ,42 :69.
23 Lord JM,Akbar AN,Kipling D.Telomere-based therapy for immunosenescence. Trends immunol,2002,23(4):175-176.
24 Rider DA,Sinclair AJ,Young SP.Oxidative inactivation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase may conteibute to T lymphocyte dysfunction in the elderly.Mech Aging Dev,2003,124:191-198.
25 Sudhir-Gupta MD.A role of inhitor of apotosis(IAP) proteins in increased lymphocyte apoptosis in aged human. Mech Ageing Dev,2004,125:99-101.
26 Lord JM,Akbar AN,Kipling D.Telomere-based therapy for immunosenescence Trends Immunol,2002,23(4):175-176.
27 Rufer N,Brumendorf TH,Kolvraa S,.Telomere fluorescence measurements in granulocytes and T-lymphocyte subsets point to a high turnover of hematopoietic stem cells and memory T cells in early childhood. J Exp Med,1999,190:157-167
28 Malaguarnera L, Ferlito L, Imbesi RM. Immunosenescence :a review Arch Gerontol Geriatr ,2001,32:1.
29 郝群,李大金.免疫系统衰老的研究进展.上海免疫学杂志,2002,23(01).
30 Ginaldi L, De Martinis M, D’Ostilio A. the immune system in the elderly: I .Specific humoral immunity. Immunol Res ,1999 ,20 :101.
31 Fernandez-Gutierrez B, Jover JA, De Miguel S. Early lymphocyte activation in elderly humans: impaired T and T-dependent B cell responses. Exp Gerontol, 1999, 34 :217.
32 Franceschi C,Monti D,Sansoni P. The immunology of exceptional individuals: the lesson of centenarians. Immunol Today,1995,16:12-16.
33 Bruunsgaard H,Pedersen AN,Schroll M.Decreased natural killer cell activity is associated with altherosclerosis in elderly human. J EXP Gerontol 2001, 37(1):127-136
34 Seres I, Gsongor J, Mohasci. Age-dependent aleration of human ecombinant GM-CSF effects on human granulocytes, Mech Aging Dev,1993,71,143-154
35 Zissel G,Schlaak M,Muller-Quernheim J. Age-related decrease in accessory cell function of human alveolar macrophages. J Invest Med,1999,47:51-56
2 Tarazona R, solana R, Ouyang Q. Basic biology and clinical impact of immunosene- scence.Exp Gerontol,2002,37:183.
3 曾尔亢,杨蕊敏,王红,赵要武.衰老机制研究的新时代.中国社会医学杂志,2006,23(02):74-76.
4 张镜源, 胡伟明,林琼田,陈淑娟,陈建宁.人体生物学年龄数学模型的探讨.福建医科大学学报,1989,23(01):15-18.
5 郭倩玉 , 王佩显,孙琪,李晓春,黄灿亮.应用逐步回归方程求心血管系统的生物学年龄.天津医科大学学报,2001,7 (03):376-378.
6 马来记,金锡鹏,周彤,沈光祖,顾学箕.不同职业人群的生理年龄和心理年龄研究.中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2000,18(03):155-157.
7 刘 辉 . 以 年 龄 为 标 志 量 化 分 析 疾 病 和 机 体 的 康 复 效 能 . 中 国 临 床 康复,2006,10(06):12-14.
8 史进方,顾国浩.免疫衰老及其免疫学预警指标.现代免疫学 ,2005,25(04):347-349.
9 苏庆起,董爱萍.健康老年人血清免疫球蛋白的测定及临床意义.实用医技杂志,1994,(07):13-14.
10 郝群,李大金.免疫系统衰老的研究进展.上海免疫学杂志,2002,23(01):62-62.
11 Weksler ME.Changes in the B-cell repertoire with age. Vaccine, 2000, 18:1624-1628
12 张可勇,郭红艳,王海君.衰老机理及其研究进展.齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2006,27(10):1223-1224.
13 Ginaldi L, De Martinis M, D’Ostilio A. The immune system in the elderly: I.Specific humoral immunity. Immunol Res ,1999,20 :101.
14 Ansar As. Sex hormones, immune responses and autoimmune disease. J Path,1985,125:531.
15 王莲芸,周敏,贾丽丽.健康老年人血清免疫球蛋白性别比较.山西医学院学报,1995,26(04):302-303.
16 Nicholson J. A study on serum liquids of the eldly. J Geront,1978,33(01):48.
17 Bachorik PS, Lovejoy KL, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Apolipoprotein B and AI distributions in the United States, 1988-1991: results of the National Health andNutrifion Examinafion Survey Ⅲ (NHANES Ⅲ ).Clin Chem, 1997,43(12): 2364-2378.
18 庄一义.载脂蛋白 A1和 B的参 考值及 临 床 意义 . 中 国动脉 硬 化杂志 ,2006,14(03):263-266.
19 辛沈,王丽娟。老年人血清白蛋白纵向变化的研究.中国老年学杂志,1993,(03).
20 覃诗云,翟亚红,林晓丽.湛江地区人群血糖水平的调查分析.医学文选,2005,24(04) :494-495.
21 张亚琼. 3568名体检者血糖血脂水平调查分析.实用医技杂志, 2007,(02):165-166.
22 李翠芬,赵冬,王薇,孙佳艺,刘军.北京地区 45-74岁人群血清肌酐分布特征及其影响因素.心肺血管杂志,2005,24(03):129-131.
23 陈灏珠.实用内科学.人民卫生出版社,1997, 891～897.
24 林广玲,林美珊.正常人血清尿酸浓度与甘油三脂、胆固醇、肌酐的关系.江西医学检验,2003,21(02):85-86.
25 张韬玉.衰老度.临床荟萃,1991,(01):529-531.
26 马宏,张宗玉,童坦君.衰老的生物学标志.生理科学进展,2002,33(01):65-68.
27 方积乾,孙振球.卫生统计学(第五版).人民卫生出版社,24-225
28 方积乾,孙振球.卫生统计学(第五版).人民卫生出版社,242
29 欧琼,肖云珍,李翠娥,李质怀.老年人生物学年龄的测定及其相关因素分析.中华流行病学杂志,1998,(01):32.
1 史进方,顾国浩.免疫衰老及其免疫学预警指标.现代免疫学 ,2005,25(04):347-349.
2 杜炎.衰老学说八种.前进论坛,1999,12:29.
3 杨婷,张冲,陈清轩.衰老机制研究进展.中国生物工程杂志,2005,25(03):6-11.
4 王锋青,陈秉初.生物衰老机理研究进展.生物学教学,2004,29(2):4-7.
5 印 大 中 , 刘 希 彬 . 自 由 基 伤 害 衰 老 理 论 的 严 重 缺 陷 . 中 国 老 年 学 杂志,2003,3(02):123-126.
6 张可勇,郭红艳,王海君.衰老机理及其研究进展.齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2006,27(10):1223-1224
7 李坚,王艾琳,孟繁军.细胞凋亡与衰老关系的研究.华北大学学报(自然科学版),2005,6(01):43-46
8 周 海 文 , 周 曾 同 . 细 胞 衰 老 机 制 的 研 究 进 展 . 中 国 临 床 康复,2004,8(10):1934-1935.
9 王 芳 丽 . 端 粒 和 端 粒 酶 与 衰 老 关 系 的 研 究 进 展 . 动 物 医 学 进 展 ,2002,23(03):19-20.
10 江 红 . 端 粒 、 端 粒 酶 与 细 胞 衰 老 . 安 徽 师 范 大 学 学 报 (自 然 科 学 版 ),1998,21(4):406-409.
11 陈作舟.筛选机制与衰老的DNA损伤假说.生命的化学,1995,15(03):34-35
12 CERAMI.A. Hypothesis glucose as a mediator of aning. J Am Ceriatr Soc, 1985, 33: 626-634.
13 Krislal BS,Yn BP.An emerging synergistic induction of aging by free radicals and Maillard reactions. J Gerontol,1992,47(4):107-114.
14 刘 景 峰 , 王 淑 娟 . 现 代 医 学 衰 老 机 理 研 究 . 辽 宁 中 医 学 院 学 报 ,2002, 4(2):106-107.
15 王中东,黄麦华,李忠培.老年人红细胞免疫功能及 T淋巴细胞亚群检测分析.社区医学杂志,2004,2(02):17-18.
16 张 法 灿 . 肝 病 患 者 红 细 胞 免 疫 与 T淋 巴 细 胞 亚 群 的 检 测 . 广 西 医 科 大 学 学报,1999,6:795-796.
17 Ginaldi L,Lorelo MF,Corsi MP. Immunosenescence and infectious diseases. Microbes Infect, 2001,3:851-857.
18 Leng Q, Bentwich Z, Borkow G. CTLA-4 upregulation during aging. Mech Ageing Dev,2002,123(10):1419-1421.
19 Niedermuller H, Basola I, Strasser A.Age dependence of signal transduction and cell signaling as a major factor of intervention into the aging process. Arch gerontol Geriat,2001,33:151-161.
20 Bodey B,Bodey B Jr,Siegel SE. Molecular biological ontogenesis of the thymic reticulo-epithelial cell network during the organization of the cellular microenvioment. In Vivo,1999,13:267.
21 Sudhir-Gupta MP. P-glycoprotein expression in the cells of the immune system during aging. Clin Appl immunol, 2003,4:59-70.
22 Rea IM,Stewart M,Campbell P. Changes in lymphocyte subsets,interleukin 2 ,and soluble interleukin 2 receptor in old and very old age.Gerontology ,1996 ,42 :69.
23 Lord JM,Akbar AN,Kipling D.Telomere-based therapy for immunosenescence. Trends immunol,2002,23(4):175-176.
24 Rider DA,Sinclair AJ,Young SP.Oxidative inactivation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase may conteibute to T lymphocyte dysfunction in the elderly.Mech Aging Dev,2003,124:191-198.
25 Sudhir-Gupta MD.A role of inhitor of apotosis(IAP) proteins in increased lymphocyte apoptosis in aged human. Mech Ageing Dev,2004,125:99-101.
26 Lord JM,Akbar AN,Kipling D.Telomere-based therapy for immunosenescence Trends Immunol,2002,23(4):175-176.
27 Rufer N,Brumendorf TH,Kolvraa S,.Telomere fluorescence measurements in granulocytes and T-lymphocyte subsets point to a high turnover of hematopoietic stem cells and memory T cells in early childhood. J Exp Med,1999,190:157-167
28 Malaguarnera L, Ferlito L, Imbesi RM. Immunosenescence :a review Arch Gerontol Geriatr ,2001,32:1.
29 郝群,李大金.免疫系统衰老的研究进展.上海免疫学杂志,2002,23(01).
30 Ginaldi L, De Martinis M, D’Ostilio A. the immune system in the elderly: I .Specific humoral immunity. Immunol Res ,1999 ,20 :101.
31 Fernandez-Gutierrez B, Jover JA, De Miguel S. Early lymphocyte activation in elderly humans: impaired T and T-dependent B cell responses. Exp Gerontol, 1999, 34 :217.
32 Franceschi C,Monti D,Sansoni P. The immunology of exceptional individuals: the lesson of centenarians. Immunol Today,1995,16:12-16.
33 Bruunsgaard H,Pedersen AN,Schroll M.Decreased natural killer cell activity is associated with altherosclerosis in elderly human. J EXP Gerontol 2001, 37(1):127-136
34 Seres I, Gsongor J, Mohasci. Age-dependent aleration of human ecombinant GM-CSF effects on human granulocytes, Mech Aging Dev,1993,71,143-154
35 Zissel G,Schlaak M,Muller-Quernheim J. Age-related decrease in accessory cell function of human alveolar macrophages. J Invest Med,1999,47:51-56