Web服务组合重配置方法研究
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摘要
Web服务组合重配置是当前服务组合及应用研究的热点问题之一。越来越多的企业开始在网络业务中使用Web服务组合，企业现有的服务组合很难满足应用环境以及业务过程等变化要求，阻碍了Web服务组合应用的进一步推广。本文提出的Web服务组合重配置方法，使企业能够针对实际需求，灵活地对服务组合进行调整，是解决服务组合适应实际应用变化问题的重要途径。
本论文主要围绕Web服务组合重配置方法进行研究。通过分析相关研究成果，总结出Web服务组合重配置的起因、分类和必要的操作过程。本文以某旅行社的业务过程为例，详细讨论了Web服务组合重配置方法的主要研究内容，包括Web服务选择方法、Web服务可替换性验证方法以及重配置操作方法等。针对Web服务组合重配置特性，提出了一个基于质量属性的Web服务选择方法——投影法，该方法可以根据使用服务的具体环境，更改参与评测的质量属性类型。论文还使用进程代数CCS对旅行社业务模型进行形式化描述，给出了使用工具CWB-NC验证服务之间可替换性的具体方法。在此基础上，本论文给出了一个基于服务注册中心的动态重配置操作方法的设计与实现。最后，总结了所做的主要工作和下一阶段的研究内容。
本论文的研究目的和意义在于，通过对Web服务组合重配置方法的研究，实现了一个相对完整的Web服务组合重配置过程。降低了企业对Web服务组合的维护成本，使企业能够针对业务过程的变化，快速灵活地对Web服务组合进行调整。对完善Web服务理论、推广Web服务应用具有积极作用。
Web service composition reconfiguration is one of the hot points in application researches. Many enterprises start to use compositions in network businesses, the compositions used by enterprise can't satisfy changes of application demands, which block up extending of composition uses. Methods of composition reconfiguration make enterprises adjust compositions flexible according to demands. It is an important way to solve problems that the composition comforts the practical applications.
This thesis mainly discusses the methods of Web service composition reconfiguration. Following relate study results, the reasons which lead reconfiguration, sorts and necessary operational process are summarized. Using an example of a travel agency's business process, the main contents of Web service reconfiguration methods are discussed, including the methods of Web services selection, verification of Web services substitutability and operation of reconfiguration. The Web service selection method is based on quality properties which can be changed depending on demands of using environments. The paper uses CCS to describe the travel agency's business process model, and gives a method on how to verify the substitutability of Web services using tool CWB-NC. Based on these researches, the thesis gives a design and implementation of Web service composition dynamic reconfiguration. At last, we make
a conclusion, summarize the main research activities and discuss the future work.
Being main contribution of this research, a relatively integrated of Web service composition reconfiguration process is implemented. The reconfiguration reduces the cost of the maintenance. Enterprises could adjust the composition quickly and flexibility to adapt the change of the business process. The studies have active effects on recruiting the theory and extending the application bound of Web services.
本论文主要围绕Web服务组合重配置方法进行研究。通过分析相关研究成果，总结出Web服务组合重配置的起因、分类和必要的操作过程。本文以某旅行社的业务过程为例，详细讨论了Web服务组合重配置方法的主要研究内容，包括Web服务选择方法、Web服务可替换性验证方法以及重配置操作方法等。针对Web服务组合重配置特性，提出了一个基于质量属性的Web服务选择方法——投影法，该方法可以根据使用服务的具体环境，更改参与评测的质量属性类型。论文还使用进程代数CCS对旅行社业务模型进行形式化描述，给出了使用工具CWB-NC验证服务之间可替换性的具体方法。在此基础上，本论文给出了一个基于服务注册中心的动态重配置操作方法的设计与实现。最后，总结了所做的主要工作和下一阶段的研究内容。
本论文的研究目的和意义在于，通过对Web服务组合重配置方法的研究，实现了一个相对完整的Web服务组合重配置过程。降低了企业对Web服务组合的维护成本，使企业能够针对业务过程的变化，快速灵活地对Web服务组合进行调整。对完善Web服务理论、推广Web服务应用具有积极作用。
Web service composition reconfiguration is one of the hot points in application researches. Many enterprises start to use compositions in network businesses, the compositions used by enterprise can't satisfy changes of application demands, which block up extending of composition uses. Methods of composition reconfiguration make enterprises adjust compositions flexible according to demands. It is an important way to solve problems that the composition comforts the practical applications.
This thesis mainly discusses the methods of Web service composition reconfiguration. Following relate study results, the reasons which lead reconfiguration, sorts and necessary operational process are summarized. Using an example of a travel agency's business process, the main contents of Web service reconfiguration methods are discussed, including the methods of Web services selection, verification of Web services substitutability and operation of reconfiguration. The Web service selection method is based on quality properties which can be changed depending on demands of using environments. The paper uses CCS to describe the travel agency's business process model, and gives a method on how to verify the substitutability of Web services using tool CWB-NC. Based on these researches, the thesis gives a design and implementation of Web service composition dynamic reconfiguration. At last, we make
a conclusion, summarize the main research activities and discuss the future work.
Being main contribution of this research, a relatively integrated of Web service composition reconfiguration process is implemented. The reconfiguration reduces the cost of the maintenance. Enterprises could adjust the composition quickly and flexibility to adapt the change of the business process. The studies have active effects on recruiting the theory and extending the application bound of Web services.
引文
[1] Laura DiDio. Top Vendor Already Stake Their Claims in Web Services. May 14, 2003 http://techupdate.zdnet.com/techupdate/stories/main/0,14179,2913671,00.html.
[2] Scott Weller. Web服务鉴定．2002, 4, http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-qual/.
[3] Daniel A. Menasc(?). QoS Issues in Web Services. IEEE Internet Computing, 2002, 6(6): 72-75.
[4] Liangzhao Zeng, Boualem Benatallah et al. QoS-aware Middleware for Web Services Composition. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2004, 30(5): 311-327.
[5] M. Tian, A. Gramm, T. Naumowicz, et al. A concept for QoS integration in web services. The 4th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Rome, Italy, 2003: 149-155.
[6] Jianqiang Hu, Changguo Guo, et al. Quality Driven Web Services Selection. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, ICEBE2005: 681-688.
[7] 鲁琳．面向服务质量的服务组合方法研究(硕士学位论文)．杭州：浙江大学，2006．
[8] Anbazhagan Mani，Arun Naaarajan．理解Web服务的服务质量．2002，1，http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-quality/index.html.
[9] Gwyduk Yeom, Dugki Min. Design and Implementation of Web Services QoS Broker. Proceedings of the International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices, IEEE NWeSP2005.
[10] Niko Thio, Shanika Karunasekera. Automatic Measurement of QoS Metric for Web Service Recommendation. Proceedings of the 2005 Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC'05 Australia, 2005.
[11] Lucas Bordeaux, Gwen Salaun, Daniela Berardi, et al. When are Two Web Services Compatible. TES 2004, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2005: 15-28.
[12] Hamadi R., Benatallah B.. A Patti net-based model for Web service composition. Proceedings of the 14th Australasian Database Conference, Adelaide, Australian, 2003: 191-200.
[13] 廖军，谭浩，刘锦德．基于Pi-演算的Web服务组合的描述和验证．计算机学报，2005，28(4)：635-642．
[14] Axel Martens. Usability of Web Services. Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering Workshops, 2003: 182-190.
[15] Gwen Sala(?)n, Lucas Bordeaux, Marco Schaerf. Describing and Reasoning on Web Services using Process Algebra. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Web Services, San Diego, Carlifornia, USA, 2004: 43-51.
[16] J.C.M. Baeten, D.A. van Beck, J.E. Rooda. Process algebra for dynamic system modeling. Computer Science Report, 2006, 3: 23-45.
[17] Fangfang Liu, et al. Formal Analysis of Compatibility of Web Service via CCS. Proceedings of the International Conference on Next Generation Web Service Practices, IEEE Computer Society, 2005.
[18] Antonio Brogi, Carlos Canal, et al. Formalizing Web Service Choreographies. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 2004.
[19] 廖军，谭浩，刘锦德．基于Pi—演算的Web服务可替换性验证．华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2005，33(12)：168-171．
[20] Peter Hnetynka, Frantisek Plasil. Dynamic Reconfiguration and Access to Services in Hierarchical Component Models. 2006: 352-359.
[21] Sander van Splunter. Pieter H.G. van Langen, Frances M. T. Brazier Vrije. The Role of Local Knowledge in Complex Web Service Reconfiguration. ICAC 2005: 381-382.
[22] Alistair C. Veitch, Norman C. Dynamic Service Reconfiguration and Migration in the Kea Kernel. Distributed Systems, IEEE, 1998.
[23] Gerard J. M. Smit, Paul J.M. Havinga, Martinus Bos, et al. Reconfiguration in Mobile Multimedia Systems. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 2005: 259-268.
[24] Siu-Nam Chuang, Alvin T.S. Chan, Jiannong Cao, et al. Dynamic Service Reconfiguratin for Wireless Web Access. Budapest Hungary, 2003.
[25] Janie Hillman, Ian Warren. An Open Framework for Dynamic Reconfiguration. Software Engineering, 2004.
[26] Jyotirmay Sarna. Framework for Dynamic Reconfiguration of Web Services. Available at http://www.ece.auckland.ac.nz/~p4p_2006/archive/reports2005/pdfs/jsar011.pdf.
[27] Edongguan. Web Services是何物? 2006，11，available at http://dev.csdn.net/author/mengyao/f05638c8acaf40b987303a880dd11554.html.
[28] Eric Armstrong等著．詹文军等译．java web services教程．北京：电子工业出版社，2003．
[29] Harvey M．Deitel等著．邱仲潘等译．java web服务高级教程．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[30] Eric Newcomer. understanding web services XML WSDL SOAP and UDDI. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2002.
[31] 了解web服务规范：第一部分：SOAP. https://www6.software.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/edueation/webservices/ws-understand-web-servicesl/section4.html.
[32] Smart Client开发实务—使用webservices&soa. http://www.microsoft.com/taiwan/msdn/cohmns/mvp/200412_smartclient.htm．
[33] 叶新林 赵文耘 蒋韬．支持演化与重配置的动态构架技术的研究．计算机工程与应用，2004，40(7)：95-98．
[34] Heather Kreger．Web服务概念性体系结构(Web Services Conceptual Architecture)．2001，5，http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-wsca/partl/.
[35] 陈彦萍 李增智等．Web服务组合中基于服务质量的服务选择算法．西安交通大学学报，2006，40(8)：897-900，905．
[36] Christoph Auer, Otto Petrovic. E-measurement: an integrated methodology for measuring the performance of e-services. Int. J. Electronic Business, 2004, 2(6).
[37] W3C, Web Service Choreography Language(WSDL) 1.1. World Wide Web Consortium 2002, available at http://www.w3.org/TR/wsci.
[38] J.C.M. Baetern. A brief history of process algebra. Rapport CSR 04-02, Vakgroep Informatica, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 2004.
[39] Thomas Noll. Modeling: Concurrent Systems. http://www-i2.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Teaching/Course/MCS/2005/Slides/19.pdf, 2006, 6.
[40] R. Cleavel, T. Li, S. Sims. The Concurrency Workbench of the New Century(Version 1.2). Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, 2000.
[41] Hillman J., Warren I. Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Reconfiguration Algorithms. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Design, Analysis and Simulation of Distributed (DASD) Systems, Virginia, USA, 2004, 8: 18-22.
[42] XML快速入门. http://www.bc-cn.net/Article/web/xml/jc/200506/482.html.
[43] http://wiki.ccw.com.cn/XML.
[44] http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/CR-xm111-20021015/.
[45] http://edu.zlce.net/edu/wlbc/xml/.
[46] http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.
[47] http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl20/.
[48] 使用WSDL. http://msdn2.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/msl75476.aspx.
[49] WSDL Tutorial. http://www.w3schools.com/wsdl/default.asp.
[50] Erik Christensen，Franci SCO Curbera et al．Web服务描述语言(WSDL)1.0．http://www.microsoft.com/China/msdn/Archives/msdnonline/features/articles/wsdl.asp, 2000, 9.
[51] Web Services Description Language. http://xml.coverpages.org/wsdl.html.
[52] SOAP Version 1.2. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap/.
[53] SOAP Tutorial. http://www.w3schools.com/soap/default.asp.
[54] WebServices-SOAP. http://ws.apache.org/soap/.
[55] http://www.huihoo.org/openweb/soap/soapl2.html.
[56] Tom Bellwood.理解UDDI. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks, 2002, 7.
[57] http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/technologies/idm/uddi/.
[58] http://www.stcsm.gov.cn/learning/lesson/xinxi/20010711/20010711_1.asp.
[59] 王艳峰，王峰等．WEB Service的资源中介—UDDI注册中心介绍．CNNIC技术部，http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf.
[60] http://www.uddi.org/.
[2] Scott Weller. Web服务鉴定．2002, 4, http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-qual/.
[3] Daniel A. Menasc(?). QoS Issues in Web Services. IEEE Internet Computing, 2002, 6(6): 72-75.
[4] Liangzhao Zeng, Boualem Benatallah et al. QoS-aware Middleware for Web Services Composition. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2004, 30(5): 311-327.
[5] M. Tian, A. Gramm, T. Naumowicz, et al. A concept for QoS integration in web services. The 4th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Rome, Italy, 2003: 149-155.
[6] Jianqiang Hu, Changguo Guo, et al. Quality Driven Web Services Selection. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, ICEBE2005: 681-688.
[7] 鲁琳．面向服务质量的服务组合方法研究(硕士学位论文)．杭州：浙江大学，2006．
[8] Anbazhagan Mani，Arun Naaarajan．理解Web服务的服务质量．2002，1，http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-quality/index.html.
[9] Gwyduk Yeom, Dugki Min. Design and Implementation of Web Services QoS Broker. Proceedings of the International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices, IEEE NWeSP2005.
[10] Niko Thio, Shanika Karunasekera. Automatic Measurement of QoS Metric for Web Service Recommendation. Proceedings of the 2005 Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC'05 Australia, 2005.
[11] Lucas Bordeaux, Gwen Salaun, Daniela Berardi, et al. When are Two Web Services Compatible. TES 2004, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2005: 15-28.
[12] Hamadi R., Benatallah B.. A Patti net-based model for Web service composition. Proceedings of the 14th Australasian Database Conference, Adelaide, Australian, 2003: 191-200.
[13] 廖军，谭浩，刘锦德．基于Pi-演算的Web服务组合的描述和验证．计算机学报，2005，28(4)：635-642．
[14] Axel Martens. Usability of Web Services. Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering Workshops, 2003: 182-190.
[15] Gwen Sala(?)n, Lucas Bordeaux, Marco Schaerf. Describing and Reasoning on Web Services using Process Algebra. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Web Services, San Diego, Carlifornia, USA, 2004: 43-51.
[16] J.C.M. Baeten, D.A. van Beck, J.E. Rooda. Process algebra for dynamic system modeling. Computer Science Report, 2006, 3: 23-45.
[17] Fangfang Liu, et al. Formal Analysis of Compatibility of Web Service via CCS. Proceedings of the International Conference on Next Generation Web Service Practices, IEEE Computer Society, 2005.
[18] Antonio Brogi, Carlos Canal, et al. Formalizing Web Service Choreographies. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 2004.
[19] 廖军，谭浩，刘锦德．基于Pi—演算的Web服务可替换性验证．华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2005，33(12)：168-171．
[20] Peter Hnetynka, Frantisek Plasil. Dynamic Reconfiguration and Access to Services in Hierarchical Component Models. 2006: 352-359.
[21] Sander van Splunter. Pieter H.G. van Langen, Frances M. T. Brazier Vrije. The Role of Local Knowledge in Complex Web Service Reconfiguration. ICAC 2005: 381-382.
[22] Alistair C. Veitch, Norman C. Dynamic Service Reconfiguration and Migration in the Kea Kernel. Distributed Systems, IEEE, 1998.
[23] Gerard J. M. Smit, Paul J.M. Havinga, Martinus Bos, et al. Reconfiguration in Mobile Multimedia Systems. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 2005: 259-268.
[24] Siu-Nam Chuang, Alvin T.S. Chan, Jiannong Cao, et al. Dynamic Service Reconfiguratin for Wireless Web Access. Budapest Hungary, 2003.
[25] Janie Hillman, Ian Warren. An Open Framework for Dynamic Reconfiguration. Software Engineering, 2004.
[26] Jyotirmay Sarna. Framework for Dynamic Reconfiguration of Web Services. Available at http://www.ece.auckland.ac.nz/~p4p_2006/archive/reports2005/pdfs/jsar011.pdf.
[27] Edongguan. Web Services是何物? 2006，11，available at http://dev.csdn.net/author/mengyao/f05638c8acaf40b987303a880dd11554.html.
[28] Eric Armstrong等著．詹文军等译．java web services教程．北京：电子工业出版社，2003．
[29] Harvey M．Deitel等著．邱仲潘等译．java web服务高级教程．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[30] Eric Newcomer. understanding web services XML WSDL SOAP and UDDI. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2002.
[31] 了解web服务规范：第一部分：SOAP. https://www6.software.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/edueation/webservices/ws-understand-web-servicesl/section4.html.
[32] Smart Client开发实务—使用webservices&soa. http://www.microsoft.com/taiwan/msdn/cohmns/mvp/200412_smartclient.htm．
[33] 叶新林 赵文耘 蒋韬．支持演化与重配置的动态构架技术的研究．计算机工程与应用，2004，40(7)：95-98．
[34] Heather Kreger．Web服务概念性体系结构(Web Services Conceptual Architecture)．2001，5，http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-wsca/partl/.
[35] 陈彦萍 李增智等．Web服务组合中基于服务质量的服务选择算法．西安交通大学学报，2006，40(8)：897-900，905．
[36] Christoph Auer, Otto Petrovic. E-measurement: an integrated methodology for measuring the performance of e-services. Int. J. Electronic Business, 2004, 2(6).
[37] W3C, Web Service Choreography Language(WSDL) 1.1. World Wide Web Consortium 2002, available at http://www.w3.org/TR/wsci.
[38] J.C.M. Baetern. A brief history of process algebra. Rapport CSR 04-02, Vakgroep Informatica, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 2004.
[39] Thomas Noll. Modeling: Concurrent Systems. http://www-i2.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Teaching/Course/MCS/2005/Slides/19.pdf, 2006, 6.
[40] R. Cleavel, T. Li, S. Sims. The Concurrency Workbench of the New Century(Version 1.2). Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, 2000.
[41] Hillman J., Warren I. Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Reconfiguration Algorithms. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Design, Analysis and Simulation of Distributed (DASD) Systems, Virginia, USA, 2004, 8: 18-22.
[42] XML快速入门. http://www.bc-cn.net/Article/web/xml/jc/200506/482.html.
[43] http://wiki.ccw.com.cn/XML.
[44] http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/CR-xm111-20021015/.
[45] http://edu.zlce.net/edu/wlbc/xml/.
[46] http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.
[47] http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl20/.
[48] 使用WSDL. http://msdn2.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/msl75476.aspx.
[49] WSDL Tutorial. http://www.w3schools.com/wsdl/default.asp.
[50] Erik Christensen，Franci SCO Curbera et al．Web服务描述语言(WSDL)1.0．http://www.microsoft.com/China/msdn/Archives/msdnonline/features/articles/wsdl.asp, 2000, 9.
[51] Web Services Description Language. http://xml.coverpages.org/wsdl.html.
[52] SOAP Version 1.2. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap/.
[53] SOAP Tutorial. http://www.w3schools.com/soap/default.asp.
[54] WebServices-SOAP. http://ws.apache.org/soap/.
[55] http://www.huihoo.org/openweb/soap/soapl2.html.
[56] Tom Bellwood.理解UDDI. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks, 2002, 7.
[57] http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/technologies/idm/uddi/.
[58] http://www.stcsm.gov.cn/learning/lesson/xinxi/20010711/20010711_1.asp.
[59] 王艳峰，王峰等．WEB Service的资源中介—UDDI注册中心介绍．CNNIC技术部，http://www.cnnic.cn/resource/daily/2003-11/4.pdf.
[60] http://www.uddi.org/.