变译理论指导下的对外财经新闻翻译
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摘要
变译理论是由中国学者黄忠廉创立并发展的一个翻译理论体系。目的旨在探讨科技翻译,尤其是如何从国外海量的科技文献中选择我国急需的信息,并经过加工、整合、翻译为我国科技工作者所用。作为其理论本身,研究领域主要集中于科技翻译,研究方向也是单向的外汉翻译。虽然黄忠廉教授在其著作中也表示“变译理论”同样适用于其他领域的翻译工作,但并未详细说明。笔者经过仔细阅读黄教授的著作和相关文章,结合自己日常的翻译实践和心得体会,试将“变译理论”结合汉英财经新闻翻译实践一同探讨。
本文在承袭前人研究的基础上,针对财经新闻这一文本类型,借助变译理论和相关西方翻译理论中的核心概念,如功能理论中的翻译要求,以及译者主体性研究,并结合对英语财经新闻文本的语言和结构分析,以建立一个用于指导对外财经新闻翻译实践的变译模型。
本文试图通过理论框架的建立和分析步骤的展开,以回答本文所提出的研究问题。为此,以大量真实新闻材料作为语料,通过对比分析,从而建立一个对外财经新闻翻译的变译模型,在译前和译中两个阶段提出不同的翻译策略和技巧,并在现实的翻译实践中进行检验。
本文通过建立变译模型并经过实际新闻编译语料的验证,得出初步结论,即汉英财经新闻的变译模型能在对原文语篇和语言层面的处理上给予译者指导,能在一定程度上提高目前财经新闻翻译的质量和效率,为中国的经济发展营造一个良好的国际舆论环境。
Translation variation theory is put forward and developed by Chinese scholar Huang Zhonglian, with an aim to explore translation activities in technical translation, i.e. translating foreign languages into Chinese to boost China's technological progress and economic development. The theory is a one-way system which only studies translations from foreign languages to Chinese; and its application area mainly covers technical translation. The author, after a careful reading and study of the theory, combined with some experience in news editing and translating, tries to apply translation variation theory to the practice of C-E translation of business news.
The study, drawing upon previous studies, aims to build a translation variation model for C-E translation of business news. This model is based on translation variation theory and a detailed analysis of the conventions of English business news both in language and structure. To consolidate the theoretical framework, it also borrows some key concepts from relevant western translation theories such as translation brief from functional theories and translator's subjectivity.
The thesis, from setting up the theoretical framework to carrying out analytical steps, strives to work out the specific research questions for this study, i.e. how to overcome the difficulties and solve the problems before/during the translation action under the guidance of translation variation theory? A number of genuine English news and their original in Chinese are put under the translation variation model for comparison and analysis. Through a comparative analysis of these examples, the author proposes comprehensive variation strategies at the stages of translation preparation and translation action, or in simple words, before the translation and during the translation.
The thesis concludes with suggested answers to the research questions, i.e. the translation variation model and corresponding strategies and techniques in the process of translation preparation and translation action.
This research intends to be of some guiding significance in practical or pedagogical sense, and the model will help to improve translation quality and efficiency so as to meet the needs of foreign readers and create a friendly and favorable international public opinion for China's economic development.
本文在承袭前人研究的基础上,针对财经新闻这一文本类型,借助变译理论和相关西方翻译理论中的核心概念,如功能理论中的翻译要求,以及译者主体性研究,并结合对英语财经新闻文本的语言和结构分析,以建立一个用于指导对外财经新闻翻译实践的变译模型。
本文试图通过理论框架的建立和分析步骤的展开,以回答本文所提出的研究问题。为此,以大量真实新闻材料作为语料,通过对比分析,从而建立一个对外财经新闻翻译的变译模型,在译前和译中两个阶段提出不同的翻译策略和技巧,并在现实的翻译实践中进行检验。
本文通过建立变译模型并经过实际新闻编译语料的验证,得出初步结论,即汉英财经新闻的变译模型能在对原文语篇和语言层面的处理上给予译者指导,能在一定程度上提高目前财经新闻翻译的质量和效率,为中国的经济发展营造一个良好的国际舆论环境。
Translation variation theory is put forward and developed by Chinese scholar Huang Zhonglian, with an aim to explore translation activities in technical translation, i.e. translating foreign languages into Chinese to boost China's technological progress and economic development. The theory is a one-way system which only studies translations from foreign languages to Chinese; and its application area mainly covers technical translation. The author, after a careful reading and study of the theory, combined with some experience in news editing and translating, tries to apply translation variation theory to the practice of C-E translation of business news.
The study, drawing upon previous studies, aims to build a translation variation model for C-E translation of business news. This model is based on translation variation theory and a detailed analysis of the conventions of English business news both in language and structure. To consolidate the theoretical framework, it also borrows some key concepts from relevant western translation theories such as translation brief from functional theories and translator's subjectivity.
The thesis, from setting up the theoretical framework to carrying out analytical steps, strives to work out the specific research questions for this study, i.e. how to overcome the difficulties and solve the problems before/during the translation action under the guidance of translation variation theory? A number of genuine English news and their original in Chinese are put under the translation variation model for comparison and analysis. Through a comparative analysis of these examples, the author proposes comprehensive variation strategies at the stages of translation preparation and translation action, or in simple words, before the translation and during the translation.
The thesis concludes with suggested answers to the research questions, i.e. the translation variation model and corresponding strategies and techniques in the process of translation preparation and translation action.
This research intends to be of some guiding significance in practical or pedagogical sense, and the model will help to improve translation quality and efficiency so as to meet the needs of foreign readers and create a friendly and favorable international public opinion for China's economic development.
引文
[1]Baker,M.,2004.Routledge Encyclopaedia of Translation Studies[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[2]Carole Rich,1997.Writing and Reporting News:A Coaching Method[M].California:Wadsworth Publishing Company.
[3]Fedler,Fred,et.al.1997,Reporting for the Media[M].Orlando:Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
[4]Jenny Williams&Andrew Chesterman.2004.The Map:A Beginner's Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[5]Jamieson K.H.& Campbell K.K.,2004.The Interplay of Influence:News,Advertising,Politics and Mass Media[M].Beijing:Peking University Press.
[6]Jeremy Munday,2001.Introducing Translation Studies[M].London:Routledge.
[7]Katharina Reiss,1977.Text types,translation types and translation assessment[J],in Jeremy Munday(ed.) 2001,pp.73.
[8]Katharina Reiss,1976.Texttyp und Ubersetzungsmethode:Der operative Text,Kronberg:Scriptor verlag[J],in Jeremy Munday(ed.) 2001,pp.75.
[9]Kelly Leiter,Julian Harriss,Stanley Johnson,2003,The Complete Reporter Fundamentals of News Gathering,Writing and Editing[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press.
[10]Larry A.Samovar & Richard E.Porter,2004.Communication between Cultures[M].Beijing:Peking University Press.
[11]Lefevere,André,2004.Translation,Rewriting,and the Manipulation of Literary Fame [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[12]Mencher Melvin,2003,News Reporting and Writing[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press.
[13]Nord,C.,2001.Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[14]爱泼斯坦,林戊荪,沈苏儒,2000,呼吁重视对外宣传中的英语工作[J]。中国翻译(6):2-4。
[15]陈国雄译,N.加文著,1999,经济、媒体与公众知识[M]。南昌:江西教 育出版社。
[16]陈力丹,2005,WTO条件下中国的经济新闻如何深化[J]。对外人传播(1):34-37。
[17]丁衡祁,2002,对外宣传中的英语质量亟待提高[J]。中国翻译(4):44-46。
[18]段连城,1990,呼吁:请译界同仁都来关心对外宣传[J]。中国翻译(5):2-10。
[19]高宁,1997,论译者的主体性地位--兼论翻译标准的设立原则[J]。上海科技翻译(1):6-9。
[20]黄勤,2007,我国的新闻翻译研究:现状与展望[J]。上海翻译(3):23-27。
[21]黄友义,2004,坚持外宣“三贴近”原则,处理好外宣翻译中的难点问题[J]。中国翻译(6):27-28。
[22]黄志凌,1999,浅谈对外宣传中的编译工作[J]。中国翻译(2):55-57。
[23]黄忠廉,1998,重识严复的翻译思想[J]。中国翻译(2):6-8。
[24]黄忠廉,2001,翻译变体研究[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
[25]黄忠廉,2002a,变译理论[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
[26]黄忠廉,2002b,变译的七种变通手段[J]。外语学刊(1):93-96。
[27]黄忠廉,2002c,释“变译”[J]。外语研究(3):66-68。
[28]李本乾,李彩英,1006,财经新闻[M]。大连:东北财经大学出版社。
[29]李经,2006,英语财经新闻报道-语言应用及人才策略分析[D]。上海外国语大学硕士学位论文。中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库。
[30]廖晶,朱献珑,2005,论译者身份-从翻译理念的演变谈起[J]。中国翻译(3):14-19
[31]刘丽芬,黄忠廉,2001,编译的基本原则-变译方法研究[J]。中国科技翻译(1):42-43。
[32]刘其中,2001,诤语良言[M]。北京:新华出版社。
[33]刘其中,2004,新闻翻译教程[M]。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
[34]孟健,1993,处在传播学视野中的对外经济报道[J]。江苏社会科学(1):139-141。
[35]王华庆,2003,经济新闻采访与写作[M]。北京:中国广播电视出版社。
[36]吴晓萍,2006,英语经济新闻中的引语[D]。对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文。中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库。
[37]夏轶群,2005,外宣经济新闻的词汇特点及其英译[D]。上海外国语大学硕士学位论文。中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库。
[38]徐勤,吴颖,2003,经贸外宣资料的翻译探索[J]。中国翻译(3):78-80。
[39]许均,1999,译学探索的百年回顾与展望[J]。中国翻译(4):47-49。
[40]许均,2002,论翻译之选择[J]。外国语(1):62-69。
[41]许均,2003,“创造性叛逆”和翻译主体性的确立[J]。中国翻译(1):6-11。
[42]许明武,2003,新闻英语与翻译[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
[43]杨伶俐,2004,经贸类英文报刊文章的语言特色[J]。对外经济贸易大学学报(5):82-86。
[44]苑立新,2001,现代经济新闻教程[M]。北京:中国广播电视出版社。
[45]查明建,田雨,2003,论译者主体性[J]。中国翻译(1):19-24。
[46]翟树耀,2001,对外宣传报道与英语写作[M]。厦门:厦门大学出版社。
[47]张健,2001,新闻英语文体与范文评析[M]。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
[48]张健,2003,英语报刊财经报道的语言特点[J]。外国语(2):39-45。
[49]仲伟合,钟钰,1999,德国的功能派翻译理论[J]。中国翻译(3):47-49。
[50]周瑞金,2002,财经报道与新闻改革[J]。中国记者(10):18-19。
[51]周兆祥,1998,翻译与人生[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
[2]Carole Rich,1997.Writing and Reporting News:A Coaching Method[M].California:Wadsworth Publishing Company.
[3]Fedler,Fred,et.al.1997,Reporting for the Media[M].Orlando:Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
[4]Jenny Williams&Andrew Chesterman.2004.The Map:A Beginner's Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[5]Jamieson K.H.& Campbell K.K.,2004.The Interplay of Influence:News,Advertising,Politics and Mass Media[M].Beijing:Peking University Press.
[6]Jeremy Munday,2001.Introducing Translation Studies[M].London:Routledge.
[7]Katharina Reiss,1977.Text types,translation types and translation assessment[J],in Jeremy Munday(ed.) 2001,pp.73.
[8]Katharina Reiss,1976.Texttyp und Ubersetzungsmethode:Der operative Text,Kronberg:Scriptor verlag[J],in Jeremy Munday(ed.) 2001,pp.75.
[9]Kelly Leiter,Julian Harriss,Stanley Johnson,2003,The Complete Reporter Fundamentals of News Gathering,Writing and Editing[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press.
[10]Larry A.Samovar & Richard E.Porter,2004.Communication between Cultures[M].Beijing:Peking University Press.
[11]Lefevere,André,2004.Translation,Rewriting,and the Manipulation of Literary Fame [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[12]Mencher Melvin,2003,News Reporting and Writing[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press.
[13]Nord,C.,2001.Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[14]爱泼斯坦,林戊荪,沈苏儒,2000,呼吁重视对外宣传中的英语工作[J]。中国翻译(6):2-4。
[15]陈国雄译,N.加文著,1999,经济、媒体与公众知识[M]。南昌:江西教 育出版社。
[16]陈力丹,2005,WTO条件下中国的经济新闻如何深化[J]。对外人传播(1):34-37。
[17]丁衡祁,2002,对外宣传中的英语质量亟待提高[J]。中国翻译(4):44-46。
[18]段连城,1990,呼吁:请译界同仁都来关心对外宣传[J]。中国翻译(5):2-10。
[19]高宁,1997,论译者的主体性地位--兼论翻译标准的设立原则[J]。上海科技翻译(1):6-9。
[20]黄勤,2007,我国的新闻翻译研究:现状与展望[J]。上海翻译(3):23-27。
[21]黄友义,2004,坚持外宣“三贴近”原则,处理好外宣翻译中的难点问题[J]。中国翻译(6):27-28。
[22]黄志凌,1999,浅谈对外宣传中的编译工作[J]。中国翻译(2):55-57。
[23]黄忠廉,1998,重识严复的翻译思想[J]。中国翻译(2):6-8。
[24]黄忠廉,2001,翻译变体研究[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
[25]黄忠廉,2002a,变译理论[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
[26]黄忠廉,2002b,变译的七种变通手段[J]。外语学刊(1):93-96。
[27]黄忠廉,2002c,释“变译”[J]。外语研究(3):66-68。
[28]李本乾,李彩英,1006,财经新闻[M]。大连:东北财经大学出版社。
[29]李经,2006,英语财经新闻报道-语言应用及人才策略分析[D]。上海外国语大学硕士学位论文。中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库。
[30]廖晶,朱献珑,2005,论译者身份-从翻译理念的演变谈起[J]。中国翻译(3):14-19
[31]刘丽芬,黄忠廉,2001,编译的基本原则-变译方法研究[J]。中国科技翻译(1):42-43。
[32]刘其中,2001,诤语良言[M]。北京:新华出版社。
[33]刘其中,2004,新闻翻译教程[M]。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
[34]孟健,1993,处在传播学视野中的对外经济报道[J]。江苏社会科学(1):139-141。
[35]王华庆,2003,经济新闻采访与写作[M]。北京:中国广播电视出版社。
[36]吴晓萍,2006,英语经济新闻中的引语[D]。对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文。中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库。
[37]夏轶群,2005,外宣经济新闻的词汇特点及其英译[D]。上海外国语大学硕士学位论文。中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库。
[38]徐勤,吴颖,2003,经贸外宣资料的翻译探索[J]。中国翻译(3):78-80。
[39]许均,1999,译学探索的百年回顾与展望[J]。中国翻译(4):47-49。
[40]许均,2002,论翻译之选择[J]。外国语(1):62-69。
[41]许均,2003,“创造性叛逆”和翻译主体性的确立[J]。中国翻译(1):6-11。
[42]许明武,2003,新闻英语与翻译[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
[43]杨伶俐,2004,经贸类英文报刊文章的语言特色[J]。对外经济贸易大学学报(5):82-86。
[44]苑立新,2001,现代经济新闻教程[M]。北京:中国广播电视出版社。
[45]查明建,田雨,2003,论译者主体性[J]。中国翻译(1):19-24。
[46]翟树耀,2001,对外宣传报道与英语写作[M]。厦门:厦门大学出版社。
[47]张健,2001,新闻英语文体与范文评析[M]。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
[48]张健,2003,英语报刊财经报道的语言特点[J]。外国语(2):39-45。
[49]仲伟合,钟钰,1999,德国的功能派翻译理论[J]。中国翻译(3):47-49。
[50]周瑞金,2002,财经报道与新闻改革[J]。中国记者(10):18-19。
[51]周兆祥,1998,翻译与人生[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。