种子引发和丸化技术在烟草上的应用
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摘要
本试验以烟草种子为材料,研究了烟草种子引发技术和种子催芽技术,并综合了这两项技术,研制成功了烟草丸化种芽,确立了烟草丸化种芽技术,探讨了烟草丸化种芽提高种子活力的机理,并对其示范效果进行了调查。
聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和腺苷三磷酸(ATP)3种药剂引发烟草种子后,烟草种子浸提液电导率显著降低、脱氢酶、过氧化物酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性显著提高,均能明显提高烟草种子的发芽率、种子活力和缩短出苗时间。3种药剂处理烟草种子的关键是处理时间的选择,不同浓度的PEG引发烟草种子,处理时间3d最好,从实际应用降低种子处理成本来讲,20%PEG浸种3d最佳;PVA处理烟草种子,以4%和6%浓度的PVA溶液浸种3d较好;ATP处理烟草种子的最佳处理条件是10mg/LATP溶液处理烟草种子1d。
ATP、PVA和PEG浸种均可以显著提高烟草种子活力,4%和6%浓度的PVA溶液处理烟草种子3d,活力提高最为明显,20%浓度的PEG溶液处理烟草种子3d,幼苗的整齐程度最好。
不同固体基质处理烟草种子能够明显提高种子活力,缩短出苗时间,烟苗生长快,整齐程度提高。以珍珠岩:水=2:1(w/v)为发芽基质,处理烟草种子效果较好。
催芽条件试验表明,在变温和干湿条件下处理烟草种子,可有效地提高烟草种子活力,培育的烟苗根系发达,烟苗整齐度和壮苗率也明显提高。变温与干湿处理相结合,其效果好于单独采用干湿处理。
烟草丸化种芽生理生化变化和根系发育状况的试验表明,与丸化种子相比,烟草丸化种芽成苗时的烟苗根系活力、干物质重和根冠比均有较大幅度的提高,侧根数目增加,同时叶片的叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶和硝酸还原酶活性明显升高。因此,烟草丸化种芽的种子活力较高,所育烟苗根系发达,素质良好。
烟草丸化种芽的田间示范结果表明,与未催芽的丸化种子相比,丸化种芽出苗提前6.9d,成苗提前6.5d,苗床病害明显减轻,所培育的烟苗素质和移栽质量明显提高,获得的烟叶产量平均提高4.73%,产值提高10.14%,均价提高5.18%,上等烟比例提高19.00%。表明烟草丸化种芽技术比生产上普遍应用的烟草丸化种子技术具有更大的优越性。
Application of seed priming and seed pelleting technology in tobacco was investigated. Based on these two techniques, tobacco pelleting seed-bud was successfully developed. The mechanism of tobacco pelleting seed-bud was also discussed. Finally, the demonstration effect was performed.After priming with polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the electric conductivity of tobacco seeds was significantly reduced, and the activities of peroxidase, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were significantly increased. Three chemicals could notably improve the germination rate and vigour of tobacco, and reduce the germination time. The key of applying 3 chemical materials in tobacco seed was the selecting of treatment time during priming. For the priming of tobacco seeds with various concentration of PEG solution, the best treatment time was 3 days. However, the 20% of PEG solution soaked for 3 days was beneficial to reduce the cost. Tobacco seed soaked with 4% or 6% of PVA solution for 3 days showed better effect. When treating with ATP, the optimum condition was 10mg/L of ATP solution for 1 day.Comparing to ATP, PVA and PEG effects in improvement of seed vigour of tobacco, tobacco seeds treated by 4% or 6% of PVA solution had the most significantly effect on improving seed vigour, and the seeds treated with 20% of PEG solution showed a relative higher performance of seedling uniformity.The treatments with different solid matrix could improve seed vigour of tobacco, shorten germination time, accelerate the growth of tobacco seedling, and enhance the seedlings uniformity. Perlite matrix (perlite: water = 2:1 (w/v)) as germination matrix showed a better effect.The germination condition test indicated that altering temperature and wet-dry alternation could improve the vigour of tobacco seed, induce strong root system, and increase the seedling uniformity and the percentage of healthy seedling. The results showed that the effect of seeds induced by altering temperature combining with wet-dry alternation was better than the effect of seeds induced by wet-dry alternation singly.The activity of roots, the dry matter weight and the ratio of roots to shoots in tobacco pelleting
seed-bud was significantly increased as compared to common pelleting seeds. Furthermore, the number of side roots, the concentration of chlorophyll, and the activities of catalase and nitrate reductase were obviously increased. All the results of the experiments showed that tobacco pelleting seed-bud had some merits, such as, higher seed vigour, stronger roots and better property of seedlings.The demonstration of tobacco pelleting seed-bud in field showed that the seedling emergence and seedling establishment were reduced by pelleting seed-bud for 6.9 d and 6.5 d, respectively. Seedling disease were obviously alleviated, the property of seedling and the quality of transplant were notably improved. By using tobacco pelleting seed-bud, as compared with common pelleting seeds, 4.73% of the average yield of tobacco leaf was improved, 10.14% of the product value was increased, 5.18% of average price was enhanced, and 19.00% of the ratio of higher grade tobacco leaf was improved. All these results suggested that tobacco pelleting seed-bud technology had more superiority than that of popular pelleting seed technology that has been applied in the tobacco production.
聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和腺苷三磷酸(ATP)3种药剂引发烟草种子后,烟草种子浸提液电导率显著降低、脱氢酶、过氧化物酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性显著提高,均能明显提高烟草种子的发芽率、种子活力和缩短出苗时间。3种药剂处理烟草种子的关键是处理时间的选择,不同浓度的PEG引发烟草种子,处理时间3d最好,从实际应用降低种子处理成本来讲,20%PEG浸种3d最佳;PVA处理烟草种子,以4%和6%浓度的PVA溶液浸种3d较好;ATP处理烟草种子的最佳处理条件是10mg/LATP溶液处理烟草种子1d。
ATP、PVA和PEG浸种均可以显著提高烟草种子活力,4%和6%浓度的PVA溶液处理烟草种子3d,活力提高最为明显,20%浓度的PEG溶液处理烟草种子3d,幼苗的整齐程度最好。
不同固体基质处理烟草种子能够明显提高种子活力,缩短出苗时间,烟苗生长快,整齐程度提高。以珍珠岩:水=2:1(w/v)为发芽基质,处理烟草种子效果较好。
催芽条件试验表明,在变温和干湿条件下处理烟草种子,可有效地提高烟草种子活力,培育的烟苗根系发达,烟苗整齐度和壮苗率也明显提高。变温与干湿处理相结合,其效果好于单独采用干湿处理。
烟草丸化种芽生理生化变化和根系发育状况的试验表明,与丸化种子相比,烟草丸化种芽成苗时的烟苗根系活力、干物质重和根冠比均有较大幅度的提高,侧根数目增加,同时叶片的叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶和硝酸还原酶活性明显升高。因此,烟草丸化种芽的种子活力较高,所育烟苗根系发达,素质良好。
烟草丸化种芽的田间示范结果表明,与未催芽的丸化种子相比,丸化种芽出苗提前6.9d,成苗提前6.5d,苗床病害明显减轻,所培育的烟苗素质和移栽质量明显提高,获得的烟叶产量平均提高4.73%,产值提高10.14%,均价提高5.18%,上等烟比例提高19.00%。表明烟草丸化种芽技术比生产上普遍应用的烟草丸化种子技术具有更大的优越性。
Application of seed priming and seed pelleting technology in tobacco was investigated. Based on these two techniques, tobacco pelleting seed-bud was successfully developed. The mechanism of tobacco pelleting seed-bud was also discussed. Finally, the demonstration effect was performed.After priming with polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the electric conductivity of tobacco seeds was significantly reduced, and the activities of peroxidase, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were significantly increased. Three chemicals could notably improve the germination rate and vigour of tobacco, and reduce the germination time. The key of applying 3 chemical materials in tobacco seed was the selecting of treatment time during priming. For the priming of tobacco seeds with various concentration of PEG solution, the best treatment time was 3 days. However, the 20% of PEG solution soaked for 3 days was beneficial to reduce the cost. Tobacco seed soaked with 4% or 6% of PVA solution for 3 days showed better effect. When treating with ATP, the optimum condition was 10mg/L of ATP solution for 1 day.Comparing to ATP, PVA and PEG effects in improvement of seed vigour of tobacco, tobacco seeds treated by 4% or 6% of PVA solution had the most significantly effect on improving seed vigour, and the seeds treated with 20% of PEG solution showed a relative higher performance of seedling uniformity.The treatments with different solid matrix could improve seed vigour of tobacco, shorten germination time, accelerate the growth of tobacco seedling, and enhance the seedlings uniformity. Perlite matrix (perlite: water = 2:1 (w/v)) as germination matrix showed a better effect.The germination condition test indicated that altering temperature and wet-dry alternation could improve the vigour of tobacco seed, induce strong root system, and increase the seedling uniformity and the percentage of healthy seedling. The results showed that the effect of seeds induced by altering temperature combining with wet-dry alternation was better than the effect of seeds induced by wet-dry alternation singly.The activity of roots, the dry matter weight and the ratio of roots to shoots in tobacco pelleting
seed-bud was significantly increased as compared to common pelleting seeds. Furthermore, the number of side roots, the concentration of chlorophyll, and the activities of catalase and nitrate reductase were obviously increased. All the results of the experiments showed that tobacco pelleting seed-bud had some merits, such as, higher seed vigour, stronger roots and better property of seedlings.The demonstration of tobacco pelleting seed-bud in field showed that the seedling emergence and seedling establishment were reduced by pelleting seed-bud for 6.9 d and 6.5 d, respectively. Seedling disease were obviously alleviated, the property of seedling and the quality of transplant were notably improved. By using tobacco pelleting seed-bud, as compared with common pelleting seeds, 4.73% of the average yield of tobacco leaf was improved, 10.14% of the product value was increased, 5.18% of average price was enhanced, and 19.00% of the ratio of higher grade tobacco leaf was improved. All these results suggested that tobacco pelleting seed-bud technology had more superiority than that of popular pelleting seed technology that has been applied in the tobacco production.
引文
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