电化学脱水器过渡层抑制剂研究与应用
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摘要
油水过渡层乳状液为稠油状液体,外观呈黄褐色或灰黑色,界面多凹凸不平,既有油包水又有水包油部分,在铁制搅拌头上产生较多吸附。中间过渡层的组成主要是由腐蚀产生的金属硫化物、原油组分中的天然乳化剂环烷酸,与增产措施加入的乳化剂、并且有少量机械杂质和重质油性物。这些物质广泛分布于油田联合站来液介质和脱后水及原油中,并具有束缚水、导电性强的特点。
抑制剂抑制机理研究是药剂研究的主要方面,包括物理方面和化学方面。物理方面应用界面物质顶替、界面张力降低、萃取、相似相容等原理;化学方面主要应用高级氧化、螯合与沉淀的转化,复分解等反应。用均匀设计思想,对抑制剂组成进行优化,确定最佳配比:主剂35%～45%;混合溶剂50%～60%;催化剂2%～15%。
电脱水器油水过渡层抑制剂的现场应用试验是检验过渡层抑制剂研究成败的关键,通过对试验站的试验前、中、后的用药方式,用药量、工艺运行参数进行跟踪调查、记录的结果表明:过渡层抑制剂在现场应用,在加药位置不变的情况下,以加药量不变或降低为前提,使油水分离器和电化学脱水器得到平稳运行。较好的解决了原油生产无法正常进行的生产急需,同时还有降低脱水温度和污水含油量的作用。
Oil/water transition layer emulsion is a yellow-brown,gray-black, heavy oil-like liquid. Its interface is O/W and W/O emulsions, and adsorbs on iron agitators. The middle transition layer consists metal sulfured, natural emulsifier naphthenic acid from crude oil, emulsifiers added, little amount of mechanical admixture and heavy oil. These materials distributes in the coming liquids of oilfield combination station and dehydrated crude oil, they have thecharacteristics of strong conductivity and irreducible water effect.
Study on depressing mechanism of depressant includes physical and chemical aspects. The physical aspect includes using interface matter substitution, lowering interfacial tension, extraction and the principle of“like dissolves like”; the chemical aspect is to using higher oxidation method, conversion of chlating and precipitation, replacement reaction, et al. The composition of the depressant were optimized by uniform design and optional mixture ratio were determined: main constituent 35%～45%, mixed solvent 50%～60%, catalyst 2%～15%.
The field application experiment of oil/water transition layer depressant was the key to determine the effectiveness of transition layer depressant .Through the tracking study and investigation of ways and amounts of adding chemicals, processing parameter of the experiment station, results showed that with the site of adding chemicals unchanged, the amounts of adding chemicals unchanged or lowered, the oil water separator and electric-chemical dehydration system run evenly.
抑制剂抑制机理研究是药剂研究的主要方面,包括物理方面和化学方面。物理方面应用界面物质顶替、界面张力降低、萃取、相似相容等原理;化学方面主要应用高级氧化、螯合与沉淀的转化,复分解等反应。用均匀设计思想,对抑制剂组成进行优化,确定最佳配比:主剂35%～45%;混合溶剂50%～60%;催化剂2%～15%。
电脱水器油水过渡层抑制剂的现场应用试验是检验过渡层抑制剂研究成败的关键,通过对试验站的试验前、中、后的用药方式,用药量、工艺运行参数进行跟踪调查、记录的结果表明:过渡层抑制剂在现场应用,在加药位置不变的情况下,以加药量不变或降低为前提,使油水分离器和电化学脱水器得到平稳运行。较好的解决了原油生产无法正常进行的生产急需,同时还有降低脱水温度和污水含油量的作用。
Oil/water transition layer emulsion is a yellow-brown,gray-black, heavy oil-like liquid. Its interface is O/W and W/O emulsions, and adsorbs on iron agitators. The middle transition layer consists metal sulfured, natural emulsifier naphthenic acid from crude oil, emulsifiers added, little amount of mechanical admixture and heavy oil. These materials distributes in the coming liquids of oilfield combination station and dehydrated crude oil, they have thecharacteristics of strong conductivity and irreducible water effect.
Study on depressing mechanism of depressant includes physical and chemical aspects. The physical aspect includes using interface matter substitution, lowering interfacial tension, extraction and the principle of“like dissolves like”; the chemical aspect is to using higher oxidation method, conversion of chlating and precipitation, replacement reaction, et al. The composition of the depressant were optimized by uniform design and optional mixture ratio were determined: main constituent 35%～45%, mixed solvent 50%～60%, catalyst 2%～15%.
The field application experiment of oil/water transition layer depressant was the key to determine the effectiveness of transition layer depressant .Through the tracking study and investigation of ways and amounts of adding chemicals, processing parameter of the experiment station, results showed that with the site of adding chemicals unchanged, the amounts of adding chemicals unchanged or lowered, the oil water separator and electric-chemical dehydration system run evenly.
引文
[1] 北京大学化学系胶体化学教研室译.乳状液理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1978:135～139.
[2] 袁明贵.联合站脱水工艺技术[J].国外油田工程,1987,(1):37~38
[3] 吴迪.三元复合驱含油污水油水分离剂的研制[J].工业水处理,2003,23(1):128～132
[4] 赵作滋等.原油脱水系统中溢流沉降灌内中间乳化层的形成与分离处理.油田化学,1996,13(4):78～80
[5] 胡全盛.中间层乳状液高效破乳剂研制报告[M].西安市精细化工研究所,1995.
[6] 李成龙等.马岭油田原油化学脱水过程中溢流罐内形成中间乳状液的处理.油田化学,1995,12 (4):121~123
[7] 吴迪等.胶态 FeS 颗粒在电脱水器油水界面上的沉积与防治[J].油田化学,2001,18(4):317~319
[8] WangDemin,HaoYuexing.Results of two polymer flooding pilots in the central area of Daqing oil field[Z].SPE26401
[9] Weiss WW, Baldwin RW.A large scale of design and practice for polymer flooding[Z].SPE/DOE12637
[10] 赵守明等.集中处理站老化油处理工艺的探讨[J].石油规划设计,2003,14(6):9~11
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[12] 张洪俊等.孤东原油降低外输原油含水的措施及设想.油田地面工程,2000,13(1):32～34
[13] 康万利等.聚合物对乳状液及液膜的稳定性[J].石油学报,1997(4):122~125
[14] 周玉贺,王军,曹想.原油脱水中油-水中间过渡层的处理[J].石油规划设计,2000,11(2):34~35
[15] Timur H.Ozrurk I. Anaerobic treatment of leachate using sequencing hatch reactor and gybrid bed filter[J]. Wat Sci Tech.1997, 36(6):501~508.
[16] Kennedy K J, Lentz E M. Treatment of landfill leachate u-sing sequencing batch and continuous flow up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors [J].Wat Res.2000, 34(14):3640-3656.
[17] H Timu,I zturk. Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of land fill Leachate[J].WatRes,1999,33 (15):3225~3230.
[18] Morris Damon,Sung Shihwa,Richard Dague. ASBR treatmeat of beef slaughter-house waste water[C].Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference.1997.
[19] Masse D I.Masse L. Effect of temperature on slaughter house wastewater treatment in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors[J]. Bioresource Technology.2001,76(2);91~98
[20] 金一中等.含油污泥处理技术进展[J].环境污染与防治,1998,20(4):30~32
[21] Heueretal.Process for the recovery of oil from waste oi lsludges.Wo9204424
[22] Jacob Solomon M et al.Disposal of petroleum refinery liquid sludge.US4842715
[23] 张鸿仁.油田原油脱水[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[24] 孙华等.原油破乳脱水添加剂研究华[J] .东化工学院学报,1990,545～547
[25] 方开泰,马长兴.正交与均匀实验设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,144～152
[26] GB/T8929 ,原油水含量测定方法
[27] 劳永新.原油罐罐底油泥的清除和利用[J] .国外油气储运,1993,11(1):124～126
[28] 徐如良等.工业油罐底泥处理现状与试验探索[J] .石油化工安全技术,2003,19(3):132～133
[29] Kuria koseAP,SKochu Baby Man jooran,Bitumenous paints from refinery sludge,Surface and Coatings Technology,2001,
[30] 王绪荣,董屹.工业表面活性剂技术经济文集(3).大连出版社,1997:92～94
[31] 高惟宝.油田化学,1984,1(2):10～12
[32] 张鸿仁.油田原油脱水[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:223.
[33] WU Di,Al Guang zhi,CHEN Yan,et al.Rheology an stability of IOR produced liquid in Daqing oilfield[A].PaperPresente at the 1999 SPE57318: 25-26.
[34] 周玉贺等.复配型 DGF 系列原油破乳剂研究与应用[J].油气田地面工程,1998,17(5):32~33
[35] 黄尚忠,周玉贺.三元复合原油破乳剂 DGF203A 及其在大港王官屯地区的应用[J].油田化学,1998,15(2 ):128~131
[36] 方洪波,王春生,陈愚等.用于高含水原油的 RAK-5 多元复配破乳剂[J].油气田地面工程,1996,15(1):44~46.
[37] Barthold Klaus,Baur Richard,Fikentscher Rolf,et al.Alkoxylated amide group-containing polyamine and its application for breaking of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions[P].US4935162A,1990,0619
[38] Lancaster,Michae,Moreton et al.Manufacture of polyalkoxylates of oligomeric phenolic resins[P].EP:480687A2,1999:1008.
[39] ShahDO SchechterR.S.improved oil Recovery by Surfactant and Polymer Flooding[M]. NewYork: Academic Press,1979:93~101
[40] Vinatieri JamesE.Correlation of emulsions teblity with phase behavior in surfactant systems for tertiary oil recovery[J],Soc Pet Eng,1980,20(5):402~406
[41] 张宗愚.原油降凝剂研究进展[J].精细石油化工,1989,(5):13~14
[42] 施宝昌等.原油破乳剂的开发与进展[J].化工进展,1997,(1):61~63.
[2] 袁明贵.联合站脱水工艺技术[J].国外油田工程,1987,(1):37~38
[3] 吴迪.三元复合驱含油污水油水分离剂的研制[J].工业水处理,2003,23(1):128～132
[4] 赵作滋等.原油脱水系统中溢流沉降灌内中间乳化层的形成与分离处理.油田化学,1996,13(4):78～80
[5] 胡全盛.中间层乳状液高效破乳剂研制报告[M].西安市精细化工研究所,1995.
[6] 李成龙等.马岭油田原油化学脱水过程中溢流罐内形成中间乳状液的处理.油田化学,1995,12 (4):121~123
[7] 吴迪等.胶态 FeS 颗粒在电脱水器油水界面上的沉积与防治[J].油田化学,2001,18(4):317~319
[8] WangDemin,HaoYuexing.Results of two polymer flooding pilots in the central area of Daqing oil field[Z].SPE26401
[9] Weiss WW, Baldwin RW.A large scale of design and practice for polymer flooding[Z].SPE/DOE12637
[10] 赵守明等.集中处理站老化油处理工艺的探讨[J].石油规划设计,2003,14(6):9~11
[11] 张鸿仁.油田原油脱水[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[12] 张洪俊等.孤东原油降低外输原油含水的措施及设想.油田地面工程,2000,13(1):32～34
[13] 康万利等.聚合物对乳状液及液膜的稳定性[J].石油学报,1997(4):122~125
[14] 周玉贺,王军,曹想.原油脱水中油-水中间过渡层的处理[J].石油规划设计,2000,11(2):34~35
[15] Timur H.Ozrurk I. Anaerobic treatment of leachate using sequencing hatch reactor and gybrid bed filter[J]. Wat Sci Tech.1997, 36(6):501~508.
[16] Kennedy K J, Lentz E M. Treatment of landfill leachate u-sing sequencing batch and continuous flow up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors [J].Wat Res.2000, 34(14):3640-3656.
[17] H Timu,I zturk. Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of land fill Leachate[J].WatRes,1999,33 (15):3225~3230.
[18] Morris Damon,Sung Shihwa,Richard Dague. ASBR treatmeat of beef slaughter-house waste water[C].Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference.1997.
[19] Masse D I.Masse L. Effect of temperature on slaughter house wastewater treatment in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors[J]. Bioresource Technology.2001,76(2);91~98
[20] 金一中等.含油污泥处理技术进展[J].环境污染与防治,1998,20(4):30~32
[21] Heueretal.Process for the recovery of oil from waste oi lsludges.Wo9204424
[22] Jacob Solomon M et al.Disposal of petroleum refinery liquid sludge.US4842715
[23] 张鸿仁.油田原油脱水[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[24] 孙华等.原油破乳脱水添加剂研究华[J] .东化工学院学报,1990,545～547
[25] 方开泰,马长兴.正交与均匀实验设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,144～152
[26] GB/T8929 ,原油水含量测定方法
[27] 劳永新.原油罐罐底油泥的清除和利用[J] .国外油气储运,1993,11(1):124～126
[28] 徐如良等.工业油罐底泥处理现状与试验探索[J] .石油化工安全技术,2003,19(3):132～133
[29] Kuria koseAP,SKochu Baby Man jooran,Bitumenous paints from refinery sludge,Surface and Coatings Technology,2001,
[30] 王绪荣,董屹.工业表面活性剂技术经济文集(3).大连出版社,1997:92～94
[31] 高惟宝.油田化学,1984,1(2):10～12
[32] 张鸿仁.油田原油脱水[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:223.
[33] WU Di,Al Guang zhi,CHEN Yan,et al.Rheology an stability of IOR produced liquid in Daqing oilfield[A].PaperPresente at the 1999 SPE57318: 25-26.
[34] 周玉贺等.复配型 DGF 系列原油破乳剂研究与应用[J].油气田地面工程,1998,17(5):32~33
[35] 黄尚忠,周玉贺.三元复合原油破乳剂 DGF203A 及其在大港王官屯地区的应用[J].油田化学,1998,15(2 ):128~131
[36] 方洪波,王春生,陈愚等.用于高含水原油的 RAK-5 多元复配破乳剂[J].油气田地面工程,1996,15(1):44~46.
[37] Barthold Klaus,Baur Richard,Fikentscher Rolf,et al.Alkoxylated amide group-containing polyamine and its application for breaking of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions[P].US4935162A,1990,0619
[38] Lancaster,Michae,Moreton et al.Manufacture of polyalkoxylates of oligomeric phenolic resins[P].EP:480687A2,1999:1008.
[39] ShahDO SchechterR.S.improved oil Recovery by Surfactant and Polymer Flooding[M]. NewYork: Academic Press,1979:93~101
[40] Vinatieri JamesE.Correlation of emulsions teblity with phase behavior in surfactant systems for tertiary oil recovery[J],Soc Pet Eng,1980,20(5):402~406
[41] 张宗愚.原油降凝剂研究进展[J].精细石油化工,1989,(5):13~14
[42] 施宝昌等.原油破乳剂的开发与进展[J].化工进展,1997,(1):61~63.