温州产业区重构：空间、演化与网络
|
摘要
自马歇尔产业区被重新发现,产业空间集聚的各种好处被大量关注,而集聚的负面效应却被忽视。产业区具有结构上的不稳定性,变化是其本质。厘清产业区重构概念和分析框架,梳理国内外各种产业区重构的案例,有利于深化对产业区的动态演化和重构过程的认识。温州是中国工业化先行地区,中国地方经济发展遇到的问题往往会在温州先行显现。研究温州产业区重构问题对于转型期的中国区域经济发展具有现实意义。
产业区重构理论应当从多学科汲取营养,包括非均衡发展理论、集群(产业区)生命周期理论、制度变迁理论、演化经济地理理论、技术学习及创新理论、全球化下的地方发展理论等。产业区重构源于西方对集聚优势的质疑和对衰退产业区的解释；应当在新国际劳动分工及区域生产体制变化的背景下建构产业区重构理论体系；从演化的角度讲,产业区重构可以理解为对地区负锁定的一个“响应集合”,是产业区生命周期的一个特定阶段。产业区重构主导机制的核心是“易于变化”,如“产业区适应力”、“弹性”等。欧美老工业区、高技术产业区、马歇尔产业区、新兴工业化国家的产业区重构呈现出不同特征。中国的产业区重构在东北老工业区、东部沿海地区表现较为突出。上世纪末开始,温州经济进入调整重构阶段,本文基于案例调查,从空间、演化过程和对全球生产网络的嵌入三方面探讨了温州产业区的重构,主要的发现是：
(1)温州产业区重构是一个多尺度的空间过程,区域内的空间重构呈现出企业从发源地向更高层级区域扩展的路线图。上海、广州、四川、重庆、江西等地是温州国内迁移的主要目的地,特别是生产性迁移；而研发性和总部性迁移集中于上海、广东；多元化迁移分布广泛。样本企业平均外迁年份为2003年。8个样本行业的迁移特征存在差异。美国、阿联酋、俄罗斯是温州企业对外投资最多的三个国家；鞋革是对外投资项目最多的行业。温州产业区空间重构是劳动空间分工演进的结果,在2005年前后,产业区的继续分工演进放大尺度到国内甚至全球范围。温州产业区寻求低成本的空间扩散、生产网络转换、学习空间的重构是值得关注的三种空间重构模式。
(2)温州水头皮革产业区的重构案例,展现了“适应性重构”的过程机制与构建“弹性产业区”的重要性。在出现“环境锁定”后,水头皮革产业区以皮带和宠物用品两个新产业对老的皮革制革产业进行了替代。新产业的出现有其触发与机会的偶然性,但也离不开企业、政府、本地厚制度的“选择环境”作用。水头皮革产业区的适应性重构伴随着“路径依赖创新”。通过与瑶溪合成革产业区的比较,本文发现区域适应力和产业区弹性是解释“哪些产业区可以成功应对冲击、保持活力”的关键；而制度、相关多样性和行业特性是“弹性”差异的主要来源。
(3)温州汽车零部件产业区是典型的“社群市场”,通过售后服务市场起家。其重构的主要模式是从售后服务市场走向全球整车配套市场,实质是地方产业区在新的国际劳动分工背景下,摆脱相对封闭的本地生产网络,谋求对全球汽车生产网络的镶嵌,以获取更多价值。通过社会网络分析及结构洞分析发现,在纳入了全球汽车跨国公司后,样本企业生产网络的“群体权力”增强,但GPN的领导企业(其次是本地大企业)拥有最大的公司权力。在嵌入GPN时,地方零部件企业容易陷入“强关系锁定”,产业区的企业一般会增加配套品牌,减弱与整车厂关系的强度,实现在GPN中公司权力地位的提升。产业区重构过程中出现了生产网络分异,本地大企业在融入GPN过程中,逐渐脱离了本地网络,他们的“技术看门人”角色并不明显。
Since Marshallian Industrial District (MID) was rediscovered, the benefits of industrial agglomeration have been highlighted while its negative effects almost neglected. Considering that industrial district is unstable in structure and change is its essence, to clarify the conception and analytical structure of its restructuring and to learn from various kinds of domestic and foreign industrial restructuring cases will deepen our understanding on the dynamic evolution of the industrial district as well as its restructuring process. As the problems that local economy in China may encounter during its development always emerge earlier in Wenzhou, the industrialization pioneer in China, the study on restructuring industrial district in Wenzhou will have great practical significance on China's regional economy in transformation.
Theoretical research on restructuring industrial district should integrate many disciplines, such as uneven development theory, cluster life-cycle theory, institutional change theory, evolutionary economic geography theory, technical innovation theory, local development theory under globalization, etc. Restructuring industrial district originated from query on agglomeration advantages and interpretation on declining industrial districts in western countries. The theoretical system for the restructuring industrial district should be constructed in the context of the new international division of labor and regional production regime transformation. From the perspective of evolution, the restructuring of industrial district can be understood as a response gather of negative lock-in on a region and it is a specific phrase in the life circle of an industrial district. The core feature of dominant mechanism for industrial district restructuring is "an inclination to change", exemplified by regional resilience. There are various features of restructuring for old industrial bases in Europe and America, high-tech industrial districts, Marshallian Industrial District (MID) and industrial districts in newly industrialized countries. Restructuring industrial district in China is most prominent in north-eastern rust belt and coastal areas in the east. Since the end of last century, Wenzhou has entered the phrase of adjustment and restructuring. Based on case study and investigation, this paper conducts research on restructuring industrial district in Wenzhou from the aspects of space, evolution and the embeddedness in global production networks. The key findings are as follows:
(1) Restructuring industrial district in Wenzhou is a process of multi-dimension spatial transference, and the route of the intra-regional spatial restructuring shows that the enterprises move from their places of origin to regions in higher hierarchy. To make it more specific, regions such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Sichuan, Chongqing and Jiangxi are the main domestic destinations for the relocation of Wenzhou enterprises, production sector migration in particular, while Shanghai, Guangdong are the main destinations for R&D sector and headquarter migration and multi-purpose migration is scattered more extensively. The average migration year of sample enterprises is2003and samples from eight industries are different in migration features. US, UAE and Russia are the top three countries that Wenzhou enterprises conduct foreign investment in and shoe leather industry boasts the most foreign investment programs. Industrial district spatial restructuring of Wenzhou was the result of spatial evolution of the division of labor, which has scale up to the national even globle range around the year2005. The three spatial restructuring modes in Wenzhou, including low-cost oriented spatial diffusion, production networks transfer and the restructuring of learning space, deserve more attention.
(2) The restructuring of Wenzhou Shuitou leather industrial district represents the process mechanism of adaptive restructuring and embodies the importance of constructing resilient industrial district. As environment lock-in emerged, traditional tannery industry in Shuitou leather industrial district was gradually replaced by two new industries--leather belt and pet products manufacturing. The development of these new industries was inevitably related to the contingency of trigger and chance, but the effects of selection environment of enterprises, government and local institutional thickness also played a vital role. The adaptive restructuring of Shuitou leather industrial district was along with path-dependent innovations. By making a comparison between Shuitou leather industrial district and Yaoxi synthetic leather industrial district, we find that the adaptability to the region and resilience of the industrial district are the key elements deciding which industrial districts could successfully cope with shocks and stay vibrant; institution, related variety and industry characteristics are the sources of resilience difference.
(3) Wenzhou auto parts industrial district is a typical communitarian market. As the industrial district stemmed from after-market, the main mode of its restructuring was to expand its business scope from after-market to global vehicle accessories supply market. And the essence is that, in the context of new global division of labor, local industrial district endeavors to get rid of the relatively closed local production network with the purpose to blend in with the global production network and get access to more values. Thanks to social network analysis (SNA) and structural holes analysis, author find that the group power of sample enterprises in production network has been strengthened after they integrated with global automakers, but the leading enterprise of global production network (followed by local leading enterprise) still hold the most power of the enterprise. After blending in with global production network, local auto parts enterprises are easily trapped by strong relationship lock-in. Therefore, enterprises in industrial district tend to increase supporting brands and lessen their dependence on vehicle manufacturers so as to elevate their standing and powers in global production network. The separation of production networks would take place in the process of industrial district restructuring. After blending in with global production network, local leading enterprises would gradually get rid of local production network and their role as technology gatekeeper becomes diminished.
产业区重构理论应当从多学科汲取营养,包括非均衡发展理论、集群(产业区)生命周期理论、制度变迁理论、演化经济地理理论、技术学习及创新理论、全球化下的地方发展理论等。产业区重构源于西方对集聚优势的质疑和对衰退产业区的解释；应当在新国际劳动分工及区域生产体制变化的背景下建构产业区重构理论体系；从演化的角度讲,产业区重构可以理解为对地区负锁定的一个“响应集合”,是产业区生命周期的一个特定阶段。产业区重构主导机制的核心是“易于变化”,如“产业区适应力”、“弹性”等。欧美老工业区、高技术产业区、马歇尔产业区、新兴工业化国家的产业区重构呈现出不同特征。中国的产业区重构在东北老工业区、东部沿海地区表现较为突出。上世纪末开始,温州经济进入调整重构阶段,本文基于案例调查,从空间、演化过程和对全球生产网络的嵌入三方面探讨了温州产业区的重构,主要的发现是：
(1)温州产业区重构是一个多尺度的空间过程,区域内的空间重构呈现出企业从发源地向更高层级区域扩展的路线图。上海、广州、四川、重庆、江西等地是温州国内迁移的主要目的地,特别是生产性迁移；而研发性和总部性迁移集中于上海、广东；多元化迁移分布广泛。样本企业平均外迁年份为2003年。8个样本行业的迁移特征存在差异。美国、阿联酋、俄罗斯是温州企业对外投资最多的三个国家；鞋革是对外投资项目最多的行业。温州产业区空间重构是劳动空间分工演进的结果,在2005年前后,产业区的继续分工演进放大尺度到国内甚至全球范围。温州产业区寻求低成本的空间扩散、生产网络转换、学习空间的重构是值得关注的三种空间重构模式。
(2)温州水头皮革产业区的重构案例,展现了“适应性重构”的过程机制与构建“弹性产业区”的重要性。在出现“环境锁定”后,水头皮革产业区以皮带和宠物用品两个新产业对老的皮革制革产业进行了替代。新产业的出现有其触发与机会的偶然性,但也离不开企业、政府、本地厚制度的“选择环境”作用。水头皮革产业区的适应性重构伴随着“路径依赖创新”。通过与瑶溪合成革产业区的比较,本文发现区域适应力和产业区弹性是解释“哪些产业区可以成功应对冲击、保持活力”的关键；而制度、相关多样性和行业特性是“弹性”差异的主要来源。
(3)温州汽车零部件产业区是典型的“社群市场”,通过售后服务市场起家。其重构的主要模式是从售后服务市场走向全球整车配套市场,实质是地方产业区在新的国际劳动分工背景下,摆脱相对封闭的本地生产网络,谋求对全球汽车生产网络的镶嵌,以获取更多价值。通过社会网络分析及结构洞分析发现,在纳入了全球汽车跨国公司后,样本企业生产网络的“群体权力”增强,但GPN的领导企业(其次是本地大企业)拥有最大的公司权力。在嵌入GPN时,地方零部件企业容易陷入“强关系锁定”,产业区的企业一般会增加配套品牌,减弱与整车厂关系的强度,实现在GPN中公司权力地位的提升。产业区重构过程中出现了生产网络分异,本地大企业在融入GPN过程中,逐渐脱离了本地网络,他们的“技术看门人”角色并不明显。
Since Marshallian Industrial District (MID) was rediscovered, the benefits of industrial agglomeration have been highlighted while its negative effects almost neglected. Considering that industrial district is unstable in structure and change is its essence, to clarify the conception and analytical structure of its restructuring and to learn from various kinds of domestic and foreign industrial restructuring cases will deepen our understanding on the dynamic evolution of the industrial district as well as its restructuring process. As the problems that local economy in China may encounter during its development always emerge earlier in Wenzhou, the industrialization pioneer in China, the study on restructuring industrial district in Wenzhou will have great practical significance on China's regional economy in transformation.
Theoretical research on restructuring industrial district should integrate many disciplines, such as uneven development theory, cluster life-cycle theory, institutional change theory, evolutionary economic geography theory, technical innovation theory, local development theory under globalization, etc. Restructuring industrial district originated from query on agglomeration advantages and interpretation on declining industrial districts in western countries. The theoretical system for the restructuring industrial district should be constructed in the context of the new international division of labor and regional production regime transformation. From the perspective of evolution, the restructuring of industrial district can be understood as a response gather of negative lock-in on a region and it is a specific phrase in the life circle of an industrial district. The core feature of dominant mechanism for industrial district restructuring is "an inclination to change", exemplified by regional resilience. There are various features of restructuring for old industrial bases in Europe and America, high-tech industrial districts, Marshallian Industrial District (MID) and industrial districts in newly industrialized countries. Restructuring industrial district in China is most prominent in north-eastern rust belt and coastal areas in the east. Since the end of last century, Wenzhou has entered the phrase of adjustment and restructuring. Based on case study and investigation, this paper conducts research on restructuring industrial district in Wenzhou from the aspects of space, evolution and the embeddedness in global production networks. The key findings are as follows:
(1) Restructuring industrial district in Wenzhou is a process of multi-dimension spatial transference, and the route of the intra-regional spatial restructuring shows that the enterprises move from their places of origin to regions in higher hierarchy. To make it more specific, regions such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Sichuan, Chongqing and Jiangxi are the main domestic destinations for the relocation of Wenzhou enterprises, production sector migration in particular, while Shanghai, Guangdong are the main destinations for R&D sector and headquarter migration and multi-purpose migration is scattered more extensively. The average migration year of sample enterprises is2003and samples from eight industries are different in migration features. US, UAE and Russia are the top three countries that Wenzhou enterprises conduct foreign investment in and shoe leather industry boasts the most foreign investment programs. Industrial district spatial restructuring of Wenzhou was the result of spatial evolution of the division of labor, which has scale up to the national even globle range around the year2005. The three spatial restructuring modes in Wenzhou, including low-cost oriented spatial diffusion, production networks transfer and the restructuring of learning space, deserve more attention.
(2) The restructuring of Wenzhou Shuitou leather industrial district represents the process mechanism of adaptive restructuring and embodies the importance of constructing resilient industrial district. As environment lock-in emerged, traditional tannery industry in Shuitou leather industrial district was gradually replaced by two new industries--leather belt and pet products manufacturing. The development of these new industries was inevitably related to the contingency of trigger and chance, but the effects of selection environment of enterprises, government and local institutional thickness also played a vital role. The adaptive restructuring of Shuitou leather industrial district was along with path-dependent innovations. By making a comparison between Shuitou leather industrial district and Yaoxi synthetic leather industrial district, we find that the adaptability to the region and resilience of the industrial district are the key elements deciding which industrial districts could successfully cope with shocks and stay vibrant; institution, related variety and industry characteristics are the sources of resilience difference.
(3) Wenzhou auto parts industrial district is a typical communitarian market. As the industrial district stemmed from after-market, the main mode of its restructuring was to expand its business scope from after-market to global vehicle accessories supply market. And the essence is that, in the context of new global division of labor, local industrial district endeavors to get rid of the relatively closed local production network with the purpose to blend in with the global production network and get access to more values. Thanks to social network analysis (SNA) and structural holes analysis, author find that the group power of sample enterprises in production network has been strengthened after they integrated with global automakers, but the leading enterprise of global production network (followed by local leading enterprise) still hold the most power of the enterprise. After blending in with global production network, local auto parts enterprises are easily trapped by strong relationship lock-in. Therefore, enterprises in industrial district tend to increase supporting brands and lessen their dependence on vehicle manufacturers so as to elevate their standing and powers in global production network. The separation of production networks would take place in the process of industrial district restructuring. After blending in with global production network, local leading enterprises would gradually get rid of local production network and their role as technology gatekeeper becomes diminished.
引文
[1] 见《浙江社会科学》2004年第2期。
[2] 温委办发(2013)97号,2013年8月26日。
[3] 温委办发(2013]127号,2013年12月25日。
[6] 根据第六次全国人口普查数据。
[7] 资料来源：温州年鉴(2013)。
[8] 数据来源：浙江省统计局,http://www.zj.stats.gov.cn/art/2012/9/28/art_282_52684.html
[12] [瑞]缪尔达尔著,陈瑞译.经济理论与不发达区域[M].北京：北京经济学院出版社,1991.
[19] 实际上,产业区的许多案例研究已经证明,一些高技术产业区没有“间断均衡”特征,而第三意大利等传统产业区也显示出演化路径的多样性(Belussi and Sedita,2009)。
Storper M, Walker R..The Spatial Division of Labour:Labour and the Location of lndustries.ln Sawers L. and Tabb W.(eds.). Sunbelt/Snowbelt[M].1984见宁越敏.新的国际劳动分工世界城市和我国中心城市的发展[J].城市问题,1991,3：2-7.
[23] 但不是说，欧美国家的产业区重构一定是生产体制由大规模、大企业主导的福特制向小企业为主、灵活生产的后福特制转变。如下文提到,意大利一些产业区成功重构的途径,反而是由中小企业通过兼并重组,重新扩大规模。从这种意义上讲,“福特主义”并没有消失,并有可能再造产业区地理。(Hadjimichalis, 2006)
[29] Bellandi, Gallo、Silva,科洛等人的观点引自：罗红波,M.巴尔巴托.产业区直而经济全球化——中意比较研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2008.
[31] 道格拉斯.诺斯.西方世界的兴起(中译本)[M].北京：华夏出版社,2009。
[32] 研讨会上许多产业区案例都来自温州。参见：晓扬.特色产业区：浙江经济发展的战略选择——访浙江省体改办改革与发展研究所所长颜春友研究员[J].浙江经济,2000,7：8-9.
[36] 见R.B.麦克尼.探求更人文化的经济地理学[J].社会经济地理杂志,1960,第52卷。
[69] 《平阳年鉴》(2012)。
王理孚修,中国地方志集成,江苏,上海,四川：江苏古籍出版社,上海书店,巴蜀书社,1990
[71] 数据来源：《平阳年鉴》(2000、2001、2002)。
[73] 资料来源：制革企业的“休克疗法”治污染。http://www.texindex.com.cn/Articies/2007-9-17/108447.html
[74] 温州是“中国鞋都”,鞋革行业年产值600多亿元,年产皮鞋6亿双以上(约占全国皮鞋总量的四分之一),生产企业4300多家,从业人员60多万。温州皮鞋的皮革原料中,猪皮里革的供应90%来自温州本土,主要集中在平阳水头；而水头猪皮革的国内市场(温州以外)主要在广东,广东东莞有200多家平阳水头的皮革企业开了办事处；出口市场则主要是西欧。(资料来源：兰云军等.温州市鞋革行业科技提升行动计划(2008(JHS)007))
[75] 资料来源：危机下中国皮都：产皮革到产皮件转型带来生机。http://www.chinanews.com/cj/kong/news/2009/04-15/1648134.shtml
资料来源：平阳县经济和信息化局,平阳县工业企业政策汇编,2012.6
[81] 乾隆《温州府志》卷4。
[82] 张仁寿(1990)认为由于温州“天高皇帝远”,历史传承的工商业繁荣,加上滨海的地理环境,对外开放早,在内部商品经济和外部文明的撞击下,更易托破封建传统的重义轻利、重农轻商思想束缚,逐步形成了有别于传统儒家文化、独特的区域商业文化——瓯越文化。
[83] 永嘉学派又称“事功学派”、“功利学派”,是南宋时期在浙东永嘉(今温州)地区形成的一个儒家学派,创始人“薛季宣”、“陈傅良”,后被叶适继承发展。其最大特点,就是与当时朱熹的“理学”、陆九渊“心学”强调身心性命之学立异,主张功利、注重事功。
[84] 叶适：《习学记言序目》卷23,中华书局1976年版。
[85] 袁康、吴平辑录：《绝越书》,第58页。
[86] 《平阳县志》(1993)。
1 见《社会网络分析法》,约翰.斯科特著,刘军译,重庆大学出版社,2007：50.
[1]Adizes I. Corporate Lifecycles:How and Why Corporations Grow and Die and What to Do About It[M].Prentice Hall,1989.
[2]Amin A, Thrift N. Globalisation, institutions and regional development in Europe[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1994.
[3]Amin A. The Emilian model:Institutional challenges[J].EPS,1999a,7(4):389-403.
[4]Amin A.An institutionalist perspective on regional economic development International [J] Journal of Urban and Regional Research,1999b,23(2):365-78.
[5]Amin A, Cohendet P. Architecture of Knowledge:Firms, Capabilities, and Communities [M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004.
[6]Amin A, Thrift N. Neo-Marshallian nodes in global networks[J]. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,1992,16(4):571-587.
[7]Arora A,Gambardella A.Complementarity and External Linkages:the strategies of large firms in biotechnology[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics,1990,38:361-379.
[8]Arthur W B.Competing technologies, increasing returns,and lock-in by historical events [J].The Economic Journal,1989,99:116-131.
[9]Asheim B.Industrial Districts[C]//Clark G,Feldman M and Gertler M.The Oxford Han-dbook of Economic Geography.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000:413-431.
[10]Asheim B, Cooke P and Martin R.The rise of the cluster concept in regional analysis and policy:a critical assessment[C]//Asheim B,Cooke P and Martin R(eds.).Clusters and Regional Development:Critical Reflections and Exploration. New York:Routledge,2006: 1-29.
[11]Asheim B.'Learning Regions' in a Globalised World Economy:Towards a new Compet-itive Advantage of Industrial Districts? [M]//Conti S and Taylor M(eds.). Interdependent and Uneven Development:Global-Local Perspectives.Aldershot:Ashgate,1997:143-176.
[12]Audretsch D B,Feldman M P.Innovative Clusters and the Industry Life-cycle[J].Review of Industrial Organisation,1996,11:253-273.
[13]Bagnasco A.Tre Italie:La Problematica Territoriale Dello Sviluppo Italiano[M].Bologna: II Mulino,1977.
[14]Bathelt H, Boggs J S.Towards a Reconceptualization of Regional Development Paths: Is Leipzig's Media Cluster a Continuation of or a Rupture with the Past[J]?Geography, Economic Geography,2003,79(2):265-293.
[15]Bathelt H, Maskell P and Malmberg A. Clusters and knowledge:local buzz,global pi-pelines and the process of knowledge creation[J]. Progress in Human Geography,2004, 28(1):31-56.
[16]Bathelt H.Technological change and regional restructuring in Boston's Route128 area [M/OL].IWSG,1999,http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/4891.
[17]Becattini G,Bellandi M and De Propris L(eds.).A Handbook of Industrial Districts[C]. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2009.
[18]Becattini G.Dal settore industriale al distretto industriale.Alcune considerazioni sull'uni-ta d'indagine dell'economia industriale[J].Rivista di economia e politica industriale,1979.
[19]Beinhocker E D.The Origin of Wealth:Evolution, Complexity and the Radical Rema-king of Economics[M].London:Random House,2006.
[20]Belussi F,Sedita S.Localized and distance learning in industrial districts[M]//Belussi F, Sammarra A.Business Networks in Clusters and Industrial Districts.New York:Loutled-ge,2010:24-51.
[21]Belussi F.In search of a useful theory of spatial clustering[C]//Asheim B,Cooke P and Martin R(eds.).Clusters and Regional Development:Critical Reflections and Exploration. New York:Routledge,2006:69-89.
[22]Belussi F,Gottardi G(eds.).Evolutionary Patterns of Local Industrial Systems[C].Alders-hot:Ashgate,2000.
[23]Belussi F, Gottardi G and Rullani E(eds.). The Technological Evolution of Industrial Districts[C].Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2003.
[24]Belussi F,Sedita S. Life Cycle vs. Multiple Path Dependency in Industrial Districts[J]. Euroepan Planning Stdues,2009,17(4):505-528.
[25]Bernard L W,Robert E F.Regional Growth and Decline in the United States:The Rise of the Sunbelt and the Decline of the Northeast[M].New York:Praeger Publishers,1978.
[26]Boschma R.Path creation,path dependence and regional development[C]//Simmie J and Carpenter J(eds.).Path Dependence and the Evolution of City Regional Economies.Wo-rking Paper Series,No.197,Oxford:Oxford Brookes University,2007:40-55.
[27]Boschma R, Frenken K.Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? To-wards an evolutionary economic geography [J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6 (3):273-302.
[28]Boschma R, Frenken K.The emerging empirics of evolutionary economic geography[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(2):295-307.
[29]Boschma R, lammarino S.Related variety and regional growth in Italy[J/OL].Working Paper,SPRU,University of Sussex,Brighton,2007.http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/down-load?doi=10.1.1.144.5530&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[30]Boschma R, Lambooy J G.Evolutionary economics and economic geography[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,1999a,9:411-429.
[31]Boschma R, Lambooy J G.Why do old industrial regions decline? An exploration of potential adjustment strategies[C].European RSA-congress Dublin,Ireland,1999b,8:23-27.
[32]Boschma R, Martin R.Constructing an evolutionary economic geography[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):537-548.
[33]Boschma R,Martin R.The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography[C].Chelten-ham:Edward Elgar,2010.
[34]Boschma R,Wenting R.The spatial evolution of the British automobile industry:Does location matter[J]? Industry and Corporate Change,2007,16(2):213-238.
[35]Boschma R,Asier M,Mikel N.Related variety and regional growth in Spain[J].Regional Science,2012,91(2):241-256.
[36]Boschma R.New industries and windows of locational opportunity. Alongterm analysis of Belgium[J].Erdkunde,1997,51(1):1-19.
[37]Boschma R.Proximity and innovation.A critical assessment[J].Regional Studies,2005,39 (1):61-74.
[38]Boschma R.Competitiveness of Regions from an Evolutionary Perspective[J].Regional Studies,2004,38(9):1001-1014.
[39]Boyd R, Richerson P J.Culture and the Evolutionary Process[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1985.
[40]Brezis E S,Krugman P R.Technology and the Life-cycle of Cities[J].Journal of Econo-mic Growth,1997,2:369-383.
[41]Brioschi F,Brioschi M S and Cainelli G.From the industrial district to the district gro-up:An insight into the evolution of local capitalism in Italy[J]. Regional Studies,2002, 36(9):1037-1052.
[42]Brusco S. Small firms and the provision of real services[C]//Pyke F, Sengenberger W. Industrial Districts and Local Economic Regeneration.Geneve:International Institute for Labour Studies,1992:177-196.
[43]Burt R S.Structural Holes:the Social Structure of Competition[M].Cambridge,MA:Harv-ard University Press,1992.
[44]Cainelli G,Iacobucci D and Morganti E. Spatial agglomeration and business groups[J]. Regional Studies,2006(40):507-518.
[45]Camagni R. Global network and local milieu:towards a theory of economic space[C]// Coni S, Malecki E J, Oinas P. The industrial enterprise and its environment:Spatial Perspectives.Avebury:Aldershot,1997.
[46]Chapple K,Lester B.Emerging Patterns of Regional Resilience[J/OL].University of Cali-fornia,Berkeley,IURD,Working Paper,2007.http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b7979mq#page2.
[47]Coe N M, Dicken P and Hess M.Global production networks:realizing the potential[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2008,8:271-295.
[48]Coe N M,Hess M,Yeung H W,Dicken P and Henderson J.'Globalizing' regional devel-opment:a global production networks perspective [J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,2004,29(4):468-484.
[49]Cooke P(eds.).The Rise of the Rustbelt[C].London:UCL Press,1995.
[50]Cooke P, Morgan K. The associational economy:Firms, regions and innovation [M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998.
[51]Cunat F,Thomas B. Globalisation and territorial economy:what future for the north of France as an old industrial area?[C]//Taylor M,Conti S(eds.).Interdependent and Uneve-n Development. Global-local Perspectives. Aldershot:Ashgate,1997:177-194.
[52]David P A. Path Dependence in Economic Processes:Implications for Policy Analysis in Dynamical Systems Contexts[C]//Dopfer K(eds.).The Evolutionary Foundations of Economics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2005:151-194.
[53]David P A. The economics of QWERTY[J].American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings),1985,75:332-337.
[54]David W,Tom D,David M. Industrial Restructuring:The Role of FDI, Joint Ventures, Acquisitions and Technology Transfer in Central Europe's Automotive Industry[C/OL]. Centre for Local Economic Development, Coventry University. Working paper,2003. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi= 10.1.1.199.6081&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[55]Davis L E, North D C. Institutional Change and American Economic Growth[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1971.
[56]De Haan J. How Emergence Arises[J].Ecological Complexity,2006,3(4):293-301.
[57]Dei Ottati G.Cooperation and competition in the industrial district as an organizational model[J].European Planning Studies,1994,2(4):463-483.
[58]Dicken P.Global Shift:Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21 Century(Fourth Edition)[M].London,Thousand Oaks and New Delhi:Sage Publications,2003.
[59]Dimou M.The industrial district:A stage of a diffuse industrialization process:the case of Roanne[J].European Planning Studies,1994,2(1):23-38.
[60]Dolan C.Humphrey J.Governance and trade in fresh vegetables:The impact of UK su-permarkets on the African horticulture industry[J].Journal of Development Studies,2000, 37(2):147-176.
[61]Dunford M.Industrial districts, magic circles,and the restructuring of the Italian textiles and clothing chain[J].Economic Geography,2006,82:27-59.
[62]Eraydin A. The Roles of Central Government Policies and the New Forms of Local Governance in the emergence of Industrial Districts[C]//Taylor M and Felsenstein D (eds.).Promoting Local Growth:Process, Practice and Policy.London:Ashgate,2001.
[63]Erik S, Elizabeth G.Decline and Renewal of High-Tech Clusters:The Cambridge Case [C/OL].The Summer Conference 2009,Copenhagen Business School,DENMARK,2009,7. http://www2.druid.dk/conferences/viewpaper.php?id=5713&cf=32.
[64]Ernst D.Global Production Networks and the Changing Geography Innovation Systems: Implications for Developing Countries[J]. Journal of Economics Innovation and New Technologies,2002,11(6):497-523.
[65]ESRC. Global Production Networks in Europe and East Asia:the Automobile Compo-nents Industries[C/OL]. ESRC Working pape,2003. http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/ge-ography/research/gpn/gpnwp7.pdf.
[66]Essletzbichler J, Rigby D. Exploring evolutionary economic geographies[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7:549-571.
[67]Frank O.Estimation of Population Totals by Use of Snowball Sample[G]//Holland P and Leinhardt S(eds.).Perspectives on Social Network Research,New York:Academic Press,1979:319-347.
[68]Franz Todtling and Michaela Trippl. Like Phoenix from the Ashes? The Renewal of Clusters in Old Industrial Areas [J]. Urban Stud,2004,41(5):1175-1195.
[69]Frederick,Stacey E.Development and Application of a Value Chain Research Approach to Understand and Evaluate Internal and External Factors and Relationships Affecting Economic Competitiveness in the Textile Value Chain[D/OL]. Raleigh, NC:North Car-olina State University,2010. http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/handle/1840.16/6190.
[70]Freeman L C. A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness[J]. Social Net-works,1979,1:215-239.
[71]Frenken K, Boschma R.A theoretical framework for evolutionary economic geography: industrial dynamics and urban growth as a branching process[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):635-649.
[72]Frenken K.Innovation, Evolution and Complexity Theory[M].Cheltenham:Edward Elgar, 2006.
[73]Garud R,Karn?e P.Path Creation as a Process of Mindful Deviation[G]//Garud R and Karnoe P(eds.).Path Dependence and Creation.London:Lawrence Erlbaum,2001:1-38.
[74]Gattrell A C. Complexity theories and geographies of health:a critical assessment[J]. Social Science and Medicine,2005,60:2661-2671.
[75]Gereffi G. International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain [J].Journal of International Economics,1999,48:37-70.
[76]Gereffi G, Humphrey J and Sturgeon T. The governance of global value chains [J]. Review of International Political Economy,2005,12:78-104.
[77]Gereffi G,Fernandez-Stark K. Global value chain analysis:a primer[R/OL]. Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University Durham,North Carolina, USA,2011.http://www.cggc.duke.edu/pdfs/2011-05-31_GVC_analysis_ a_primer.pdf.
[78]Gertler M.Manufacturing Culture:the Institutional Geography of Industrial Practice[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004.
[79]Gertler M.Tacit knowledge,Path Dependency and Local Trajectories of Growth[G]//Fu-chs G and Shapira P(eds.).Rethinking Regional Innovation and Change,Path Dependen-cy or Regional breakthrough?New York:Springer Verlag,2005:23-42.
[80]Giuliani E.Cluster absorptive capacity[J].European Urban and Regional Studies,2005,12 (3):269-288.
[81]Giuliani E,ell M.The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation:evide-nce from a Chilean wine cluster[J].Research Policy,2005,34:47-68.
[82]Gort Michael and Klepper Steven. Time Paths in the Diffusion of Product Innovation [J].The Economic Journal,1982,92:630-653.
[83]Gottardi G.Technology strategies, innovation without R&D.And the Creation of Know-ledge Within Industrial Districts[J].Industry & Innovation,1996,3(2):119-134.
[84]Grabher G.The Embedded Firm:on the Sociometrics of Industrial Networks[M].London: Routledge,1993.
[85]Granovetter M. Economic action and social structures:the problem of embededness[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1985,91:481-510.
[86]Granovetter M. The Strength of Weak Ties[J].American Journal of Sociology,1973,78: 1287-1303.
[87]Greiner L E. Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow:A company's past has clues for management that are critical to future success[J]. Family Business Review, 1997,10(4):397-409.
[88]Hadjimichalis C.The end of Third Italy as we knew it[J]?Antipode,2006,38(1):82-106.
[89]Hall P,Soskice D.Varieties of Capitalism:The Institutional Foundation of Comparative Advantage[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001.
[90]Harris D J.Joan Robinson on 'History versus Equilibrium'[C/OL].Joan Robinson Cent-ennial Conference, Department of Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington,2003. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi= 10.1.1.114.293&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[91]Harrison B.Industrial districts:Old wine in new bottles[J]?Regional Studies,1992(26):469-483.
[92]Harrison B.The Italian Industrial Districts and the crisis of the cooperative form.Part 1. EPS,1994,2(1):3-22. Part II.EPS1994,2(2):159-174.
[93]Harrison S D,Massey and Richards K.Complexity and emergence(another conversation) [J].Area,2006,38:465-471.
[94]Hassink R, Shin D H. The restructuring of old industrial areas in Europe and Asia[J]. Environment and Planning A,2005,37:571-580.
[95]Hassink R.Geography,Networks and Renewal in Old Industrial Areas[J].Paper prepared for Fourth European Meeting on Applied Evolutionary Economics,2005a,5:19-21.
[96]Hassink R.How to Unlock Regional Economies from Path Dependency?From Learning Region to Learning Cluster[J].European Planning Studies,2005b,13(4):521-535.
[97]Hassink R.Regional resilience:a promising concept to explain differences in regionale conomic adaptability[J]?Cambridge Journal of Regions,Economy and Society,2010,3(1): 45-58.
[98]Hassink R. The strength of weak lock-ins:the renewal of the Westmunsterland textile industry[J]. Environment and Planning A,2007,39:1147-1165.
[99]Hassink R. What distinguishes good from bad industrial agglomerations[J]? Erdkunde, 1997,51:2-11.
[100]Hayter R.The dynamics of industrial location.The factory,the firm and the production system[M].New York:Wiley,1997.
[101]Henderson J,Dicken P,Hess M,Coe N and Yeung H W C. Global production networks and the analysis of economic development[J]. Review of International Political Econo-my,2002,9(3):436-464.
[102]Henry N, Pinch S. Neo-Marshallian nodes, institutional thickness, and Britain's 'Motor Sport Valley':thick or thin[J]?Environment and Planning A,2001,33(7):1169-1183.
[103]Hermann Bomer.Political Economy of Modernizing Old Industrial Areas and Crisis of the New economy:Example of the Ruhr Area and the City of Dortmund[C/OL].Paper (draft) Presented to the 42 European Regional Science Association Congress Dortmund, 2002,8.http://www-sre.wu-wien.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa02/cd-rom/papers/433.pdf.
[104]Herrigel G B.Industrial Organization and the Politics of Industry:Centralized and De-centralized Production in Germany[D].Massachusetts:PhD thesis MIT,1990.
[105]Hiley M.Industrial restructuring in ASEAN and the role of Japanese foreign direct in-vestment[J].European Business Review,1999,99(2):80-91.
[106]Hirschman A O.Strategy of Economic Development[M]. New Haven:Yale University Press,1958.
[107]Huang Z H,Zhang X B and Zhu Y W.The role of clustering in rural industrialization: a case study of the foot-wear industry in Wenzhou[J]. China Economic Review,2008, 19(3):409-420.
[108]Hudson R.Conceptualizing economies and their geographies:spaces, flows and circuits [J].Progress in Human Geography,2004,28:447-471.
[109]Humphrey J,Memedovic O. The Global Automotive Industry Value Chain:What Prospect for Upgrading by Developing Countries[R/OL].UNIDO Sectorial Studies Series Work-ing Paper.2003.http://ssrn.com/abstract=424560.
[110]Humphrey J,Schmitz H.How does insertion in global value chains affect upgrading in-dustrial clusters[J]? Regional Studies,2002,36(9):1017-1027.
[111]Iammarino S,McCann P.The Structure and Evolution of Industrial Clusters:Transactions, Technology and Knowledge Spillovers[J].Research Policy,2006,35:1018-1036.
[112]lsaksen A. Lock-in of regional clusters:the case of offshore engineering in the Oslo region[C]//Fornahl D,Brenner T.Cooperation, Network and Institutions in Regional Inn-ovation Systems(eds.).Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2003:247-273.
[113]Simmie J.Path Dependence and New Technological Path Creation in the Danish Wind Power Industry[J].European Planning Studies,2012,20(5):753-772.
[114]Teaford J C.Cities of Heartland:The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Midwest[M].Bloo-mington:lndiana University Press,1993.
[115]Kaplinsky R,Morris M. A Handbook for Value for Value Chain Research[R].Prepared for the IDRC,2001.
[116]Karel Skokan. Regional clusters and transformation of old industrial regions [C].3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science(CERS),2009:770-783.
[117]Karina Fernandez-Stark, Penny Bamber and Gary Gereffi.Upgrading in Global Value Chains:Addressing the Skills Challenge in Developing Countries[R].OECD Background Paper,2012,9.
[118]Klepper S. Disagreements, spinoffs and the evolution of Detroit as the capital of the US auto industry[J].Management Science,2007,53(4):616-631.
[119]KOEN FRENKEN, FRANK VAN OORT and THUS VERBURG.Related Variety,Unr-elated Variety and Regional Economic Growth[J].Regional Studies,2007,41(5):685-697.
[120]Koutsky, Jaroslav, Ondfej Slach and Tomas Boruta. 'Restructuring Economies of Old Industrial Regions-Local Tradition, Global Trends.'[C/OL].Think Globally,Act Locally, Change Individually in the 21st Century.Ostrava:University of Ostrava,2011:166-173. http://conference.osu.eu/globalization/publ2011/166-173_Koutsky-Slach-Boruta.pdf.
[121]Krugman P.The Role of Geography in Development[J].International Regional Science Review,1999.22(2):142-161.
[122]Krugman P.Increasing returns and economic geography[J].Journal of Political Econom-y,1991,99:483-499.
[123]Krugman P.The lessons of Massachusetts for EMU[C]//Torres F,Giavazzi F(eds.).Adjus-tment and Growth in the European Monetary Union.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1993:241-269.
[124]Lambooy J G. Locational Decisions and Regional Structure[G]//Paelinck J H P (eds.). Human Behaviour in Geographical Space.London:Gower,1986:149-165.
[125]Lee J R,Chen J S.Dynamic synergy creation with multiple business activities:toward a competence-based growth model for contract manufacturers[G]//Sanchez R, Heene A (eds.).Theory Development for Competence-Based Management, Advances in Applied Business Strategy.Stanford:JAI Press,2000:209-228.
[126]Liu W, Yeung H W C. China's dynamic industrial sector:the automobile industry[J]. Eurasian Geography and Economics,2008,49:523-548.
[127]Liu Weidong, Peter Dicken. Transnational corporations and 'obligated embeddedness' foreign direct investment in China's automobile industry [J].Environment and Planning A,2006,38:1229-1247.
[128]LIZBETH NAVAS-ALEMAN. The Impact of Operating in Multiple Value Chains for Upgrading:The Case of the Brazilian Furniture and Footwear Industries[J].World Dev-elopment,2011,39(8):1386-1397.
[129]Malmberg A,Maskell P.Towards an explanation of regional specialization and industry agglomeration[J].European Planning Studies,1997,5(1):25-41.
[130]Markusen A.Sticky places in slippery space:A typology of industrial districts[J].Econo-mic Geography,1996(72):293-313.
[131]Markusen A.Profit Cycles,Oligopoly and Regional Development[M]. London:MacMillan, 1985.
[132]Marshall A. Elements of Economics of lndustry[M].London:Macmillan,] 910:19-48.
[133]Marshall A. Principles of Economics[M].8ed. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1961:15-20.
[134]Martin R,Sunley P. Paul Krugman's Geographical Economics and Its Implication for Regional Development Theory:A Critical Assessment[J].Economic Geography,1996,72: 259-292.
[135]Martin R,Sunley P.Complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography[J].Journ-al of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):573-601.
[136]Martin R,Sunley P.Conceptualising Cluster Evolution:Beyond the Life-Cycle Model[J]? Regional Studies,2011,45(10):1299-1318.
[137]Martin R,Sunley P.Deconstructing clusters:chaotic concept or policy panacea[J]?Journal of Economic Geography,2003,3:5-35.
[138]Martin R, Sunley P. Path dependence and regional economic evolution[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(4):395-437.
[139]Martin R.Institutional approaches in economic geography[M]//Sheppard E, Barnes T J. A Companion to Economic Geography.Oxford:Blackwell,2000:77-94.
[140]Martin R.Rethinking regional path dependence:from lock-in to evolution[J]. Economic Geography,2010,86(1):1-27.
[141]Martin R.The new'geographical turn'in economics:some critical reflections[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,1999,23(1):65-91.
[142]Maskell P,Malmberg A.Explaining the Location of Economic Activity:'Ubiquitification' and the Importance of Learning [C]. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers,Boston (MA),1998:25-29.
[143]Maskell P,Malmberg A.Localised learning and industrial competitiveness[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,1999,23(2):167-185.
[144]Menzel M, Fornahl D.Cluster life cycles-dimensions and rationales of cluster evolution [J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2009,19(1):205-238.
[145]Miao Changhong, Wei YeHua, Ma Haitao. Technological learning and innovation in China in the context of globalization[J].Eurasian Geography and Economics,2007,48(6): 1-20.
[146]Michael H Best,Hao Xie.DlSCOVERING REGIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: ROUTE 128 Vs. SILICON VALLEY.DRUID[C]. Summer Conference on Knowledge, Innovation and Competitiveness:Dynamics of Firms,Networks, Regions and Institutions Copenhagen, Denmark,2006,7:18-20.
[147]Moore J F,Predators P. A New Ecology of Competition[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1993.3.
[148]Morgan K,Nauwelaers C. A regional perspective on innovation:from theory to strategy [M]//Morgan K,Nauwelaers C.Regional Innovation Strategies:The Challenge for Lessfa-voured Regions (eds.). The Stationery Office and Regional Studies Association,London, 1999:1-18.
[149]Myungrae Cho, Robert Hassink. The Limits to Locking-Out through Restructuring:the Textile Industry in Daegu, South Korea[J].Regional Studies,2009,43(9):1183-1198.
[150]Nairn A. Engines that move markets[M].New York:John Wiley,2002.
[151]Nelson R. Recent evolutionary theorizing about economic change[J].Journal of Econo-mic Literature,1995,33:48-90.
[152]Nelson R, Winter S. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change [M]. Cambridge: Belknap Press,1982.
[153]Nicolis G,Prigogine I.Exploring Complexity[M].New York:W.H.Freeman and Co.,1989.
[154]North D.Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1990.
[155]Norton R D.City life cycles and American urban policy[M].New York:Academic Press, 1979.
[156]OECD. Global Industrial Restructuring[R].OECD PUBLICATIONS,2002.
[157]Page S E. Path Dependence[J]. Quarterly Journal of Political Science,2006,1:87-115.
[158]Park S O,Markusen A.Generalizing new industrial districts:A theoretical agenda and an application from a non-Western economy[J].Environment and Planning A,1994,27:81-104.
[159]Pavard B,Dugdale J.An Introduction to Complexity in Social Science[J/OL].GRIC-IRIT, Toulouse,2002.http://www.irit.fr/COSI/training/complexity-tutorial/complexity-tutorial.htm.
[160]Pavlinek Petr,Zenka Jan.Upgrading in the automotive industry:firm-level evidence from Central Europe[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2011,5(11):559-586.
[161]Pellenbarg P,Wissen L D J.Firm migration[M]//McCann P.Industrial Location Economi-cs.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2002:110-148.
[162]Pendall R,Foster K A, Cowell M. Resilience and Regions:Building Understanding of the Metaphor[J].Cambridge Journal Regions,Economy and Society,2010,3(1):71-84.
[163]Perrour F.Note Surla Notion de Pole de Brisance[J].Economic Applique,1955(8).
[164]Piore M, Sabel C.The Second Industrial Divide:Possibilities for Prosperity[M]. New York:Basic Books,1984:1-30.
[165]Platteau J P.Behind the Market Stage Where Real Societies Exist-part2:The Role of Moral Norms[J].The Journal of Development Studies,1994,30(3):753-817.
[166]Plummer P,Sheppard E.Geography matters:agency,structures and dynamics at the inters-ection of economics and geography [J].Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6:619-638.
[167]Porter M. On Competition[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[168]Porter M. The Competitive Advantage of Nations[M].New York:The Free Press,1990.
[169]Potter A,Watt H D.Evolutionary agglomeration theory:increasing returns,diminishing ret-urns and the industry life cycle[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(3):417-455.
[170]Rabellotti R.Recovery of a Mexican cluster:Devaluation Bonanza or collective efficien-cy[J]? World Development,1999,27(9):1571-1585.
[171]Rabellotti R. How globalization affects Italian industrial districts:the case of Brenta [M]//Schmitz H(eds.). Local Enterprises in the Global Economy:Issues of Governance and Upgrading.UK:Edward Elgar,2004:140-173.
[172]Raghu Garud,Arun Kumaraswamy, Peter Karn?e.Path Dependence and Path Creation? [J].Journal of Management Studies,2010,4:47.
[173]Rawstron E M. Three principles of industrial location[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,1958,25:132-142.
[174]Rees J.Technological change and regional shifts in American manufacturing[J].Professi-onal Geographer,1979,31:45-54.
[175]Rigby D,Essletzbichler J.Evolution,process variety, and regional trajectories of technolo-gical change in U.S. manufacturing[J].Economic Geography,1997,73:269-284.
[176]Rigby D,Essletzbichler J.Technological variety, technological change and a geography of production techniques[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6:45-70.
[177]Romer P M. Endogenous Technological Change [J].Journal of Political Economy,1990, 98(5)part 2:71-102.
[178]Rosenfeld Stuart A.Just clusters. Economic development strategies that reach more pe-ople and places[C].Carrboro:Regional Technology Strategies,2002.
[179]Sammarra A, Belussi F. Evolution and relocation in fashionled Italian districts:evidence from two case-studies[J].Entrepreneurship and Regional Development,2006,18(6):543-562.
[180]Saviotti P P.Technological evolution,variety and the economy[J].The Economic Journal, 1998,108(451):1872-1874.
[181]Saxenian, AnnaLee. Regional advantage:Culture and competition in silicon valley and route128[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1994.
[182]Schamp E W.Decline of the district,renewal of firms:an evolutionary approach to foot-wear production in the Pirmasens area,Germany[J].Environment and Planning A,2005, 37(4):617-634.
[183]Schienstock Gerd. From path dependency to path creation. Finland on its way to the knowledge-based economy[J].Current Sociology,2007,55(1):92-109.
[184]Schmitz H,Knorringa P.Learning from global buyers[J].Journal of Development Studies, 2000,37(2):177-205.
[185]Schmitz H,Musyck B.Industrial districts in Europe:policy lessons for developing countr-ies[J].World Development,1994,22(6):889-910.
[186]Schmitz H,Nadvi K.Clustering and industrialization:Introduction[J]. World Development, 1999,27(9):1503-1514.
[187]Schumpeter J A. Business Cycles:A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process[M]. New York:Ma Graw Hill,1939.
[188]Schwarz H.Down the Wrong Path:Path Dependence,Increasing Returns, and Historical Institutionalism[M].Mimeo,Department of Politics,University of Virginia,2004.
[189]Scott A J. New Industrial Space[M].London:Pion,1988:1-28.
[190]Scott A J. Geography and Economy[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006.
[191]Scott A J. Location Process, Urbanization, and Territorial Development[J].Envirenment and Planning A,1985,17(4):479-501.
[192]Scott A J. Economic geography:the great half-century[J].Cambridge Journal of Econo-mics,2000,24(4):483-504.
[193]Scott A J.Technopolis.High Technology Industry and Regional Development in Southe-rn California[M].Berkely:University of California Press,1993.
[194]Scott A J.The shoe industry of Marikina City,Philippines:a developing country cluster in crisis[J].Philippine Journal of Third World Studies,2005,20(2):76-99.
[195]Sengenberger W.The experiences in emerging and developing countries:Introduction[G] //Becattini G, Bellandi M and De Propris L(eds.). A Handbook of Industrial Districts. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2009:565-569.
[196]Setterfield M.Rapid Growth and Relative Decline.Modelling Macroeconomic Dynamics with Hysteresis[M].London:Macmillan,1997.
[197]Simon H A.A behavioural model of rational choice[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1955,69:99-118.
[198]STEFANO PONTE,JOACHIM EWERT.Which Way is'Up'in Upgrading?Trajectories of Change in the Value Chain for South African Wine[J].World Development,2009,37 (10):1637-1650.
[199]Steiner M.Old industrial areas:a theoretical approach[J].Urban Studies,1985,22:387-398.
[200]Storper M,Walker R.The Capitalist Imperative:Territory,Technology and Industrial Gro-wth[M].New York:Basil Blackwell,1989.
[201]Storper M.The Limits to Globalization:Technology Districts and Industrial Growth[J]. Economic Geography,1992,68(1):60-93.
[202]Storper M.The Regional World:Territorial Development in a Global Economy[M].Ca-mbridge,Mass:Harvard University Press,1997.
[203]Storper M, Scott A J. Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development[M].Lo-ndon:Routledge,1992.
[204]Storper M.Institutions, Incentives and Communication in Economic Geography[M].Stut-tgart:Franz Steiner Verlag,2004.
[205]Sturgeon T J,Memedovic O,Van Biesebroeck J,Gereffi G.Globalisation of the automoti-ve industry:main features and trends[J].Intemational Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development,2009,2:7-24.
[206]Swann P.Towards a Model of Clustering in High-Teehnology Industries[C]//Swann P, Prevezer M and Stout D(Eds.).Clustering in High-Technology Industries.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998:52-76.
[207]Swanstrom T.Regional Resilience:A Critical Examination of the Ecological Framework [R/OL].University of California, Berkeley,Institute of Urban and Regional Development, Working Paper,2008.http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g27m5zg#page-1.
[208]Taylor M J.Location decisions of small firms[J].Area,1970,2:51-54.
[209]Ter Wal A, Boschma R.Co-evolution of Firms, Industries and Networks in Space[J]. Regional Studies,2011,45(7):919-933.
[210]Tichy G.Clusters,less dispensable and more risky than ever[C]//Steiner M.Clusters and Regional Specialization.London:Pion Limited,1998:226-236.
[211]United Nations. Social aspects and financing of industrial restructuring[R]. printed at United Nations,Geneva,2005.
[212]Utterback J,Abemathy N. A Dynamical Model of Process and Product Innovation[J]. Omega,1975,3(6).
[213]Vale J L,Campanella T J.The Resilient City:How Modern Cities Recover from Disast-er[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2005.
[214]Grunsven L, Smakman F. Industrial restructuring and early industry pathways in the Asian first-generation NICs:the Singapore garment industry[J]. Environment and Plan-ning A,2005,37(4):657-680.
[215]Van Klink A,De Langen P.Cycles in Industrial Clusters:The Case of the Shipbuilding Industry in the Northern Netherlands[J].Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geog-rafie,2001,92(4):449-463.
[216]Vernon R.International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle[J].Qu-arterly Journal of Economics,1966,80:190-207.
[217]Walcott S.Wenzhou and the Third Italy:Entrepreneurial Model Regions[J].Journal of Asia-Pacific Business,2007,8(3):23-35.
[218]Walker R.The Geography of Production[C]//Sheppard E,Barnes T(eds.). A Companion to Economic Geography.Oxford:Blackwell,2001:113-132.
[219]Wang Jici,Wang Jixian.An analysis of new-tech" agglomeration in Beijing:a new indus-trial district in the making[J]?Environment and Planning A,1998,31(4):681-701.
[220]Wei Y H D,Li W M and Wang C B.Restructuring industrial districts,scaling up regi-onnal development:A study of the Wenzhou Model,China[J].Economic Geography,2007, 83(4):421-444.
[221]Wei Y H D.Beyond new regionalism, beyond global production networks:remaking the Sunan model,china[J]. Environment and Planning C:Government and Policy,2010,28(1): 72-96.
[222]Wei Y H D.Beyond The GPN-New Regionalism Divide In China:Restructuring The Clothing Industry, Remaking The WenZhou Model[J]. Geografiska Annaler:Series B, Human Geography,2011,93(3):237-251.
[223]Wei Y H D.Beyond the Sunan model trajectory and underlying factors of development in Kunshan,China[J].Environment and Planning A,2002,34:1725-1747.
[224]Wei Y H D.China's Shoe Manufacturing and the Wenzhou Model Perspectives on the World's Leading Producer and Exporter of Footwear[J].Eurasian Geography and Econ-omics,2009,50(6):720-739.
[225]Wei Y H D.Fiscal Reforms,Investment,and Regional Development in Jiangsu Province [J].Issues and Studies,2000,36(2):73-98.
[226]Wei Y H D. Regional development in China:States, globalization, and inequality[M]. New York:Routledge,2000.
[227]Whiteford J.The decline of a model? Challenge and response in the Italian industrial districts[J].Economy and Society,2001,30(1):38-65.
[228]Williams A M. Lost in translation. International migration, learning and knowledge[J]. Progress in Human Geography,2006,30:588-607.
[229]Young A.Increasing Returns in Economic Progress[J].Economic Journal,1928,38(4):527-542.
[230]Zook M.The Geography of the Internet Industry[M].Oxford:Blackwell,2005.
[231][美]道格拉斯C.诺斯(著).制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].杭行,译.上海：格致出版社、上海人民出版社,2008.
[232][美]菲利普.阿吉翁,彼得.霍依特(著).内生增长理论[M].陶然等,译.北京：北京大学出版社,2004.
[233][美]罗纳德.伯特(著).结构洞：竞争的社会结构[M].任敏等,译.上海：格致出版社、上海人民出版社,2008.
[234][美]迈克尔.德托佐斯等(著).美国制造：如何从渐次衰落到重振雄风[M].惠永正等,译.北京：科学技术出版社,1998.
[235][美]乔治.J.施蒂格勒(著).产业组织[M].王永钦、薛锋,译.上海：上海人民出版社,2006.
[236][瑞]缪尔达尔(著).经济理论与不发达区域[M].陈瑞,译.北京：北京经济学院出版社,1991.
[237][英]R.J.约翰斯顿(主编).人文地理学词典[M].柴彦威等,译.北京：商务印书馆,2005.
[238][英]彼得.迪肯(著).全球性转变：重塑21世纪的全球经济地图[M].刘卫东等,译.北京：商务印书馆,2007.
[239][英]约翰.斯科特(著).社会网络分析法[M].刘军,译.重庆：重庆大学出版社,2007.
[240]阿夫纳.格雷夫.历史制度分析：从经济史视角研究制度问题的新进展[J].经济社会体制比较,2003(5).
[241]安纳利.萨克森宁：地区优势：硅谷和128公路地区的文化与竞争[M].上海：上海远东出版社,1999：72.
[242]别春静,陈雯.基于自组织理论探析浙江企业集群的形成和演进[J].华东经济管理,2006,4：4-8.
[243]蔡建娜.温州模式再研究：新问题与新方法[J].上海经济研究,2010(6)：19-26,56.
[244]曾刚,林兰.技术扩散与高新技术企业区位研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2008：124-127.
[245]曾刚,文嫮.上海浦东信息产业集群的建设[J].地理学报,2004(59)：59-66.
[246]曾刚.上海汽车产业集群建设之管见[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17：168.
[247]陈丽霞.历史视野下的温州人地关系研究(960-1840)[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2011：84-91.
[248]陈秀山(主编).中国区域经济问题研究[M].北京：商务印书馆,2005.
[249]仇保兴.小企业集群研究[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1999：123.
[250]杜德斌.跨国公司R&D全球化的区位模式研究[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2001.
[251]杜德斌等.跨国公司在华研发发展、影响及对策研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[252]杜润生.解读温州经济模式[J].理论参考,2002,7：38-40.
[253]樊杰,陈东.珠江三角洲产业结构转型与空间结构调整的战略思考[J].战略与决策研究,2009,24(2)：138-144.
[254]樊新生,李小建.欠发达地区产业集群演化分析——以河南长垣卫生材料产业集群为例[J].经济地理,2009,29(1)：113-118.
[255]樊新生,覃成林.我国欠发达地区企业集群形成与演化过程初步研究——河南省农村地域企业集群的调查与思考[J].经济地理,2005,25(3)：321-323.
[256]费洪平.企业地理研究综述[J].地理研究,1993,12(1)：111-119.
[257]冯兴元.欧盟与德国：解决区域发展不平衡问题的方法与思路[M].北京：中国劳动社会保障出版社,2002.
[258]傅允生.专业化产业区建设与区域经济发展：以浙江为例[J].财经研究,2003,29(7)：51-56.
[259]高相铎,李诚固.美国五大湖工业区产业结构演变的城市化响应机理辨析[J].世界地理研究,2006,(1)：71-77.
[260]辜胜阻,郑凌云,张昭华.区域经济文化对创新模式影响的比较分析：以硅谷和温州为例[J].中国软科学,2006,4：8-14,45.
[261]郭金喜.传统产业集群升级：路径依赖和蝴蝶效应耦合分析[J].经济学家,2007,3：66-71.
[262]郭连强.衰退产业调整的国际比较与启示[J].经济纵横,2004,9：53-56.
[263]洪银兴,陈宝敏.苏南模式的新发展——兼与温州模式比较[J].改革,2001,4：53-58.
[264]洪振宁主编.温州改革开放30年[G].杭州：浙江人民出版社,2008.
[265]胡建绩,陈海滨.促进产业集群企业衍生的关键“软因素”分析——以浙江“块状经济”企业衍生的经验为例[J].中国工业经济，2005,3：51-57.
[266]胡兆量.温州模式的特征与地理背景[J].经济地理,1987,7(1)：19-24.
[267]黄先海.国际性专业化产业区：目标模式及现实差距——基于温州打火机产业区的分析[J].商业经济与管理,2005,2：43-47.
[268]贾根良.理解演化经济学[J].中国社会科学,2004,2：33-41.
[269]姜海宁,谷人旭,朱华友,马远军.跨国整车企业在华投资的区位选择研究[J].世界地理研究,2012,21(4)：90-96.
[270]金祥荣,朱希伟.专业化产业区的起源与演化：一个历史与理论视角的考察[J].经济研究,2002,8：74-82.
[271]金祥荣.“浙江模式”的转换与市场创新[J].浙江学刊,1998(1)：36-39.
[272]金祥荣.浙江经济发展的创新动力结构：企业、市场和分工制度的创新[J].浙江经济,2000,8：10-12.
[273]李建,宁越敏.全球生产网络的浮现及其探讨——一个基于全球化的地方发展研究框架[J].上海经济研究,2011(9)：20-54.
[274]李琳.创新集群、合作网络与地区竞争力[J].云南财贸学院学报,2004,20(5)：99-103.
[275]李小建.新产业区与经济活动全球化的地理研究[J].地理科学进展,1997,16(3)：16-23.
[276]李小建.关于公司地理研究的几个问题[J].经济地理,1991,11(3)：42-46.
[277]李永刚.企业衍生研究导论[J].南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,3：71-76.
[278]林竞君.网络、社会资本与集群生命周期研究——一个新经济社会学的视角[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2005：129-143.
[279]林培云.温州特色产业区的形成机制和发展潜力[J].浙江经济,2000,7：13-14.
[280]林毅夫.诱致性制度变迁与强制性制度变迁[J].卡托杂志(美),1989(春季号).
[281]刘军.整体网分析讲义(UCINET软件实用指南)[M].上海：格致出版社,2009.
[282]刘卫东,Peter Dicken,杨伟聪.信息技术对企业空间组织的影响--以诺基亚北京星网工业园为例[J].地理研究,2004,23(6)：833-844.
[283]刘志高,尹贻梅，孙静.产业集群形成的演化经济地理学研究评述[J].地理科学进展,2011,6：652-657.
[284]卢锋.产品内分工[J].经济学(季刊),2004,4(1)：55-82.
[285]吕拉昌,魏也华.产业集群理论的争论、困惑与评论[J].人文地理,2007,4：21-26.
[286]吕拉昌,魏也华.新产业区的形成、特征及高级化途径[J].经济地理,2006,26(3)：359-368.
[287]马津龙.温州发展的复归与超越[J].浙江社会科学,2004(2)：27-30.
[288]马可.福尔蒂斯,莫尼卡.卡尔米纳蒂.2005.产业区：意大利的经济现实与立法框架[M]//罗红波,M.巴尔巴托.产业区直面经济全球化——中意比较研究.北京：社会科学文献出版社,2008：207-242.
[289]马克思.资本论(第三卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1972.
[290]马仁锋,吴杨,沈玉芳.产业区演化研究的主要领域与进展——兼论对创意产业区演化研究的启示[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(10)：1276-1288.
[291]马述忠,乔勃.基于全球价值链的温州鞋业自主创新能力研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(4)：612-618.
[292]苗长虹,艾少伟.学习场结构与空间中的创新[J].经济地理,2009,29(7)：1057-1062.
[293]苗长虹,魏也华,吕拉昌.新经济地理学[M].北京：科学出版社,2011.
[294]苗长虹,魏也华.技术学习与创新：经济地理学的视角[J].人文地理,2007,22(5)：1-9.
[295]苗长虹.“产业区”研究的主要学派与整合框架：学习型产业区的理论建构[J].人文地理,2006,21(6)：97-103.
[296]苗长虹.马歇尔产业区理论的复兴及其理论意义[J].地域研究与开发,2004,23(1)：1-6.
[297]宁越敏,石崧.从劳动空间分工到大都市空间组织[M].北京：科学出版社,2011.
[298]宁越敏,武前波.企业空间组织与城市-区域发展[M].北京：科学出版社,2011：115-116.
[299]宁越敏.从劳动分工到城市形态(一)——评艾伦.斯科特的区位论[J].城市问题,1995,(2)：18-21.
[300]宁越敏.新的国际劳动分工世界城市和我国中心城市的发展[J].城市问题,1991,3：2-7.
[301]秦政强.互惠交易与温州模式的锁定[J].现代经济探讨，2010(4)：23-26.
[302]秦政强.全球价值链下温州家具产业集群发展研究[J].经济论坛,2008(9)：22-25.
[303]任保平.衰退工业区的产业重建与政策选择：德国鲁尔区的案例[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2007.
[304]任晓.自治与增长——“温州模式”的经验[M].杭州：浙江人民出版社,2011：136,161-162.
[305]盛洪.分工与交易[M].上海：三联书店,1992.
[306]盛世豪.从产业集群视角看温州模式[J].浙江社会科学,2004(2)：31-35.
[307]石大力.专业化产业区生成机理研究[M].北京：中国农业科学技术出版社,2007：65-90.
[308]石忠良,何维达.产业兴衰与转化规律[M].经济管理出版社,2004：3-8.
[309]史晋川,朱康对.温州模式研究：回顾与展望[J].浙江社会科学,2002(3)：3-15.
[310]史晋川.温州模式的历史制度分析——从人格化交易与非人格化交易视角的观察[J].浙江社会科学,2004(2)：16-20.
[311]史晋川等著.制度变迁与经济发展：温州模式研究[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002.
[312]孙斌栋.制度变迁与区域经济增长[M].北京：科学出版社,2007：159-167.
[313]王钢,郭建东.温州产业：从集群走向全球价值链[J].浙江经济,2009(2)：48-49.
[314]王钢.基于全球生产网络的民营企业对外直接投资研究——以温州为例[D].上海：华东师范大学,2013.
[315]王缉慈,刘譞.经济危机背景下对我国专业化产业区的反思——重温意大利式产业区的价值[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(3)：1-6.
[316]王缉慈.超越集群：中国产业集群的理论探索[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.
[317]王缉慈.创新的空间——企业集群与区域发展[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2001.
[318]王缉慈.从意大利产业区模式看浙江专业化产业区发展前景[J].浙江经济,2000,7：10-12.
[319]王缉慈.简评关于新产业区的国际学术讨论[J].地理科学进展,1998,17(3)：29-35.
[320]王缉慈.中国产业区的发展概况与经验总结[M]//罗红波,M.巴尔巴托.产业区直面经济全球化——中意比较研究.北京：社会科学文献出版社,2008,11-13.
[321]王缉慈.中国新工业区的形成——开发区现象见解[J].地理译报,1994(4)：1-3.
[322]王俊,刘东.摆脱代工企业创新困境的社会网络论分析——基于温州打火机产业的案例研究[J].商业经济与管理.201 0(5)：55-61,70.
[323]王周扬.超越“温州模式”：乐清低压电器产业区演化研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2012.
[324]王周杨,魏也华.意大利产业区重组：集团化、创新与国际化[J].地理科学,2011,31(11)：1335-1341.
[325]魏后凯.大都市区新型产业分工与冲突管理：基于产业链分工的视角[J].中国工业经济,2007，2：28-34.
[326]魏江,申军.传统产业集群创新系统的结构和运行模式[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2003：114-117.
[327]温州市经济建设规划院课题组.温州市产业集群培育研究报告(温州市经贸委2008年重点课题)[R].2008,8：35.
[328]文嫮,曾刚.从地方到全球：全球价值链框架下集群的升级研究[J].人文地理,2005a(4)：21-25,118.
[329]文嫮,曾刚.全球价值链治理与地方产业网络升级研究——以上海浦东集成电路产业网络为例[J].中国工业经济,2005b(7)：20-27.
[330]吴逢旭,陈文苞.温州试验：两个人的改革开放史[M].杭州：浙江人民出版社,2008：153-154.
[331]吴结兵,郭斌.企业适应性行为、网络化与产业集群的共同演化——绍兴县纺织业集群发展的纵向案例研究[J].管理世界,2010(2)：141-155.
[332]吴铮争,吴殿廷,袁俊,徐涛.中国汽车产业地理集中及其影响因素研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2008.18(1)：116-121.
[333]谢健.产业发展路径依赖与温州模式发展瓶颈[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004(11)：70-74.
[334]熊慧君.由传统到现代——析改革开放以来温州人的心理及其变迁[J].温州论坛,1999.4.
[335]徐充.东北老工业基地产业集群的转型与发展[J].求是学刊,2005,32(2)：56-58.
[336]徐剑光,王钢.眼视光：温州眼镜行业的借势升级[J].浙江经济,2010,]0：48-49.
[337]徐伟,张永凯.生产网络嵌入与区域产业升级——以长三角汽车生产网络为例[J].中国城市研究(集刊),2013,第六辑：159-172.
[338]许庆明,盛其红,黄晖.国际化：产业集群发展的正确选择：以大唐袜业集群为例[J].浙江经济,2004,11：38-39.
[339]杨焕春.温州企业技术创新能力和产出的调查与分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(9)：47-49.
[340]杨瑞龙.我国制度变迁方式转换的三阶段论：兼论地方政府的制度创新行为[J].经济研究,1998，1：3-]0.
[341]于光远.由温州模式谈到“一制多式”[N].大公报,1992-1-28.
[342]臧旭恒,何青松.试论产业集群租金与产业集群演进[J].中国工业经济,2007,3：5-13.
[343]张靖龙等.海洋文化与“温州模式”[M]//史晋川等著.制度变迁与经济发展：温州模式研究.杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002：313-333.
[344]张苗莹.文化、企业制度与交易成本：温州模式的新视角[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2008：114-116.
[345]张仁寿,李红.温州模式研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1990.
[346]张仁寿.温州模式：盛名之下,其实难副[J]?浙江社会科学,2004(2)：20-26.
[347]张曙光.对温州模式的若干思考[J].浙江经济,2011,1：14-15.
[348]张伟明,于蔚.产业集群与转型升级——基于浙江纺织业的研究[J].浙江学刊,2013,1：208-214.
[349]张一力.人力资本结构与区域创新模式——基于温州、西安、深圳的实证比较[J].经济社会体制比较(双月刊),2006(3)：90-92.
[350]张云伟,曾刚,程进.基于全球通道与本地蜂鸣的张江IC产业集群演化[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(3)：38-43.
[351]张云逸,曾刚.技术权力影响下的产业集群演化研究——以上海汽车产业集群为例[J].人文地理,2010(2)：120-124.
[352]赵伟,秦政强.采购商驱动全球价值链与温州鞋业国际化[J].价格理论与实践,2005(4)：52-53.
[353]赵伟.温州模式何去何从?兼答对于“温州力量”的质疑[N].经济学消息报,2000-4-7.
[354]郑亚莉.原发型专业化产业区起源的演化分析[J].浙江社会科学,2003(6)：36-41.
[355]周业安.中国制度变迁的演进论解释[J].经济研究,2000,5：3-11.
[356]朱华晟,王缉慈,李鹏飞,李伟.基于多重动力机制的集群企业迁移及区域影响——以温州灯具企业迁移中山古镇为例[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(3)：329-336.
[357]朱华友,潘妩妮,王缉慈.基于共同演化的产业区变迁路径分岔研究——“技术—组织—区域”三位一体的视角[J].人文地理,2013(3)：121-147.
[358]朱华友,王缉慈.去地方化与区域发展：欧美实证与中国启示[J].经济地理,2013,2：8-13,34.
[359]朱康对,张静蓉.萧江塑编：一个产业群落的演进[J].浙江经济,2001,10：42-43.
[360]朱康对.经济转型期的产业群落演进：温州区域经济发展初探[J].中国农村观察,1999,3：3541.
[361]朱康对.温州鞋业：从地方化集群到全球价值链[G].洪振宁主编.温州民营经济发展30年(理论探索卷下).杭州：浙江人民出版社,2008：971-980.
[362]朱卫平.珠江三角洲产业转型问题研究[J].学术研究,2008(10)：38-44.
[363]左培文.汽车产业整零关系发展模式探讨[J].汽车工业研究,2006.5：10-13.
[2] 温委办发(2013)97号,2013年8月26日。
[3] 温委办发(2013]127号,2013年12月25日。
[6] 根据第六次全国人口普查数据。
[7] 资料来源：温州年鉴(2013)。
[8] 数据来源：浙江省统计局,http://www.zj.stats.gov.cn/art/2012/9/28/art_282_52684.html
[12] [瑞]缪尔达尔著,陈瑞译.经济理论与不发达区域[M].北京：北京经济学院出版社,1991.
[19] 实际上,产业区的许多案例研究已经证明,一些高技术产业区没有“间断均衡”特征,而第三意大利等传统产业区也显示出演化路径的多样性(Belussi and Sedita,2009)。
Storper M, Walker R..The Spatial Division of Labour:Labour and the Location of lndustries.ln Sawers L. and Tabb W.(eds.). Sunbelt/Snowbelt[M].1984见宁越敏.新的国际劳动分工世界城市和我国中心城市的发展[J].城市问题,1991,3：2-7.
[23] 但不是说，欧美国家的产业区重构一定是生产体制由大规模、大企业主导的福特制向小企业为主、灵活生产的后福特制转变。如下文提到,意大利一些产业区成功重构的途径,反而是由中小企业通过兼并重组,重新扩大规模。从这种意义上讲,“福特主义”并没有消失,并有可能再造产业区地理。(Hadjimichalis, 2006)
[29] Bellandi, Gallo、Silva,科洛等人的观点引自：罗红波,M.巴尔巴托.产业区直而经济全球化——中意比较研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2008.
[31] 道格拉斯.诺斯.西方世界的兴起(中译本)[M].北京：华夏出版社,2009。
[32] 研讨会上许多产业区案例都来自温州。参见：晓扬.特色产业区：浙江经济发展的战略选择——访浙江省体改办改革与发展研究所所长颜春友研究员[J].浙江经济,2000,7：8-9.
[36] 见R.B.麦克尼.探求更人文化的经济地理学[J].社会经济地理杂志,1960,第52卷。
[69] 《平阳年鉴》(2012)。
王理孚修,中国地方志集成,江苏,上海,四川：江苏古籍出版社,上海书店,巴蜀书社,1990
[71] 数据来源：《平阳年鉴》(2000、2001、2002)。
[73] 资料来源：制革企业的“休克疗法”治污染。http://www.texindex.com.cn/Articies/2007-9-17/108447.html
[74] 温州是“中国鞋都”,鞋革行业年产值600多亿元,年产皮鞋6亿双以上(约占全国皮鞋总量的四分之一),生产企业4300多家,从业人员60多万。温州皮鞋的皮革原料中,猪皮里革的供应90%来自温州本土,主要集中在平阳水头；而水头猪皮革的国内市场(温州以外)主要在广东,广东东莞有200多家平阳水头的皮革企业开了办事处；出口市场则主要是西欧。(资料来源：兰云军等.温州市鞋革行业科技提升行动计划(2008(JHS)007))
[75] 资料来源：危机下中国皮都：产皮革到产皮件转型带来生机。http://www.chinanews.com/cj/kong/news/2009/04-15/1648134.shtml
资料来源：平阳县经济和信息化局,平阳县工业企业政策汇编,2012.6
[81] 乾隆《温州府志》卷4。
[82] 张仁寿(1990)认为由于温州“天高皇帝远”,历史传承的工商业繁荣,加上滨海的地理环境,对外开放早,在内部商品经济和外部文明的撞击下,更易托破封建传统的重义轻利、重农轻商思想束缚,逐步形成了有别于传统儒家文化、独特的区域商业文化——瓯越文化。
[83] 永嘉学派又称“事功学派”、“功利学派”,是南宋时期在浙东永嘉(今温州)地区形成的一个儒家学派,创始人“薛季宣”、“陈傅良”,后被叶适继承发展。其最大特点,就是与当时朱熹的“理学”、陆九渊“心学”强调身心性命之学立异,主张功利、注重事功。
[84] 叶适：《习学记言序目》卷23,中华书局1976年版。
[85] 袁康、吴平辑录：《绝越书》,第58页。
[86] 《平阳县志》(1993)。
1 见《社会网络分析法》,约翰.斯科特著,刘军译,重庆大学出版社,2007：50.
[1]Adizes I. Corporate Lifecycles:How and Why Corporations Grow and Die and What to Do About It[M].Prentice Hall,1989.
[2]Amin A, Thrift N. Globalisation, institutions and regional development in Europe[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1994.
[3]Amin A. The Emilian model:Institutional challenges[J].EPS,1999a,7(4):389-403.
[4]Amin A.An institutionalist perspective on regional economic development International [J] Journal of Urban and Regional Research,1999b,23(2):365-78.
[5]Amin A, Cohendet P. Architecture of Knowledge:Firms, Capabilities, and Communities [M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004.
[6]Amin A, Thrift N. Neo-Marshallian nodes in global networks[J]. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,1992,16(4):571-587.
[7]Arora A,Gambardella A.Complementarity and External Linkages:the strategies of large firms in biotechnology[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics,1990,38:361-379.
[8]Arthur W B.Competing technologies, increasing returns,and lock-in by historical events [J].The Economic Journal,1989,99:116-131.
[9]Asheim B.Industrial Districts[C]//Clark G,Feldman M and Gertler M.The Oxford Han-dbook of Economic Geography.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000:413-431.
[10]Asheim B, Cooke P and Martin R.The rise of the cluster concept in regional analysis and policy:a critical assessment[C]//Asheim B,Cooke P and Martin R(eds.).Clusters and Regional Development:Critical Reflections and Exploration. New York:Routledge,2006: 1-29.
[11]Asheim B.'Learning Regions' in a Globalised World Economy:Towards a new Compet-itive Advantage of Industrial Districts? [M]//Conti S and Taylor M(eds.). Interdependent and Uneven Development:Global-Local Perspectives.Aldershot:Ashgate,1997:143-176.
[12]Audretsch D B,Feldman M P.Innovative Clusters and the Industry Life-cycle[J].Review of Industrial Organisation,1996,11:253-273.
[13]Bagnasco A.Tre Italie:La Problematica Territoriale Dello Sviluppo Italiano[M].Bologna: II Mulino,1977.
[14]Bathelt H, Boggs J S.Towards a Reconceptualization of Regional Development Paths: Is Leipzig's Media Cluster a Continuation of or a Rupture with the Past[J]?Geography, Economic Geography,2003,79(2):265-293.
[15]Bathelt H, Maskell P and Malmberg A. Clusters and knowledge:local buzz,global pi-pelines and the process of knowledge creation[J]. Progress in Human Geography,2004, 28(1):31-56.
[16]Bathelt H.Technological change and regional restructuring in Boston's Route128 area [M/OL].IWSG,1999,http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/4891.
[17]Becattini G,Bellandi M and De Propris L(eds.).A Handbook of Industrial Districts[C]. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2009.
[18]Becattini G.Dal settore industriale al distretto industriale.Alcune considerazioni sull'uni-ta d'indagine dell'economia industriale[J].Rivista di economia e politica industriale,1979.
[19]Beinhocker E D.The Origin of Wealth:Evolution, Complexity and the Radical Rema-king of Economics[M].London:Random House,2006.
[20]Belussi F,Sedita S.Localized and distance learning in industrial districts[M]//Belussi F, Sammarra A.Business Networks in Clusters and Industrial Districts.New York:Loutled-ge,2010:24-51.
[21]Belussi F.In search of a useful theory of spatial clustering[C]//Asheim B,Cooke P and Martin R(eds.).Clusters and Regional Development:Critical Reflections and Exploration. New York:Routledge,2006:69-89.
[22]Belussi F,Gottardi G(eds.).Evolutionary Patterns of Local Industrial Systems[C].Alders-hot:Ashgate,2000.
[23]Belussi F, Gottardi G and Rullani E(eds.). The Technological Evolution of Industrial Districts[C].Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2003.
[24]Belussi F,Sedita S. Life Cycle vs. Multiple Path Dependency in Industrial Districts[J]. Euroepan Planning Stdues,2009,17(4):505-528.
[25]Bernard L W,Robert E F.Regional Growth and Decline in the United States:The Rise of the Sunbelt and the Decline of the Northeast[M].New York:Praeger Publishers,1978.
[26]Boschma R.Path creation,path dependence and regional development[C]//Simmie J and Carpenter J(eds.).Path Dependence and the Evolution of City Regional Economies.Wo-rking Paper Series,No.197,Oxford:Oxford Brookes University,2007:40-55.
[27]Boschma R, Frenken K.Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? To-wards an evolutionary economic geography [J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6 (3):273-302.
[28]Boschma R, Frenken K.The emerging empirics of evolutionary economic geography[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(2):295-307.
[29]Boschma R, lammarino S.Related variety and regional growth in Italy[J/OL].Working Paper,SPRU,University of Sussex,Brighton,2007.http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/down-load?doi=10.1.1.144.5530&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[30]Boschma R, Lambooy J G.Evolutionary economics and economic geography[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,1999a,9:411-429.
[31]Boschma R, Lambooy J G.Why do old industrial regions decline? An exploration of potential adjustment strategies[C].European RSA-congress Dublin,Ireland,1999b,8:23-27.
[32]Boschma R, Martin R.Constructing an evolutionary economic geography[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):537-548.
[33]Boschma R,Martin R.The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography[C].Chelten-ham:Edward Elgar,2010.
[34]Boschma R,Wenting R.The spatial evolution of the British automobile industry:Does location matter[J]? Industry and Corporate Change,2007,16(2):213-238.
[35]Boschma R,Asier M,Mikel N.Related variety and regional growth in Spain[J].Regional Science,2012,91(2):241-256.
[36]Boschma R.New industries and windows of locational opportunity. Alongterm analysis of Belgium[J].Erdkunde,1997,51(1):1-19.
[37]Boschma R.Proximity and innovation.A critical assessment[J].Regional Studies,2005,39 (1):61-74.
[38]Boschma R.Competitiveness of Regions from an Evolutionary Perspective[J].Regional Studies,2004,38(9):1001-1014.
[39]Boyd R, Richerson P J.Culture and the Evolutionary Process[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1985.
[40]Brezis E S,Krugman P R.Technology and the Life-cycle of Cities[J].Journal of Econo-mic Growth,1997,2:369-383.
[41]Brioschi F,Brioschi M S and Cainelli G.From the industrial district to the district gro-up:An insight into the evolution of local capitalism in Italy[J]. Regional Studies,2002, 36(9):1037-1052.
[42]Brusco S. Small firms and the provision of real services[C]//Pyke F, Sengenberger W. Industrial Districts and Local Economic Regeneration.Geneve:International Institute for Labour Studies,1992:177-196.
[43]Burt R S.Structural Holes:the Social Structure of Competition[M].Cambridge,MA:Harv-ard University Press,1992.
[44]Cainelli G,Iacobucci D and Morganti E. Spatial agglomeration and business groups[J]. Regional Studies,2006(40):507-518.
[45]Camagni R. Global network and local milieu:towards a theory of economic space[C]// Coni S, Malecki E J, Oinas P. The industrial enterprise and its environment:Spatial Perspectives.Avebury:Aldershot,1997.
[46]Chapple K,Lester B.Emerging Patterns of Regional Resilience[J/OL].University of Cali-fornia,Berkeley,IURD,Working Paper,2007.http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b7979mq#page2.
[47]Coe N M, Dicken P and Hess M.Global production networks:realizing the potential[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2008,8:271-295.
[48]Coe N M,Hess M,Yeung H W,Dicken P and Henderson J.'Globalizing' regional devel-opment:a global production networks perspective [J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,2004,29(4):468-484.
[49]Cooke P(eds.).The Rise of the Rustbelt[C].London:UCL Press,1995.
[50]Cooke P, Morgan K. The associational economy:Firms, regions and innovation [M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998.
[51]Cunat F,Thomas B. Globalisation and territorial economy:what future for the north of France as an old industrial area?[C]//Taylor M,Conti S(eds.).Interdependent and Uneve-n Development. Global-local Perspectives. Aldershot:Ashgate,1997:177-194.
[52]David P A. Path Dependence in Economic Processes:Implications for Policy Analysis in Dynamical Systems Contexts[C]//Dopfer K(eds.).The Evolutionary Foundations of Economics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2005:151-194.
[53]David P A. The economics of QWERTY[J].American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings),1985,75:332-337.
[54]David W,Tom D,David M. Industrial Restructuring:The Role of FDI, Joint Ventures, Acquisitions and Technology Transfer in Central Europe's Automotive Industry[C/OL]. Centre for Local Economic Development, Coventry University. Working paper,2003. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi= 10.1.1.199.6081&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[55]Davis L E, North D C. Institutional Change and American Economic Growth[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1971.
[56]De Haan J. How Emergence Arises[J].Ecological Complexity,2006,3(4):293-301.
[57]Dei Ottati G.Cooperation and competition in the industrial district as an organizational model[J].European Planning Studies,1994,2(4):463-483.
[58]Dicken P.Global Shift:Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21 Century(Fourth Edition)[M].London,Thousand Oaks and New Delhi:Sage Publications,2003.
[59]Dimou M.The industrial district:A stage of a diffuse industrialization process:the case of Roanne[J].European Planning Studies,1994,2(1):23-38.
[60]Dolan C.Humphrey J.Governance and trade in fresh vegetables:The impact of UK su-permarkets on the African horticulture industry[J].Journal of Development Studies,2000, 37(2):147-176.
[61]Dunford M.Industrial districts, magic circles,and the restructuring of the Italian textiles and clothing chain[J].Economic Geography,2006,82:27-59.
[62]Eraydin A. The Roles of Central Government Policies and the New Forms of Local Governance in the emergence of Industrial Districts[C]//Taylor M and Felsenstein D (eds.).Promoting Local Growth:Process, Practice and Policy.London:Ashgate,2001.
[63]Erik S, Elizabeth G.Decline and Renewal of High-Tech Clusters:The Cambridge Case [C/OL].The Summer Conference 2009,Copenhagen Business School,DENMARK,2009,7. http://www2.druid.dk/conferences/viewpaper.php?id=5713&cf=32.
[64]Ernst D.Global Production Networks and the Changing Geography Innovation Systems: Implications for Developing Countries[J]. Journal of Economics Innovation and New Technologies,2002,11(6):497-523.
[65]ESRC. Global Production Networks in Europe and East Asia:the Automobile Compo-nents Industries[C/OL]. ESRC Working pape,2003. http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/ge-ography/research/gpn/gpnwp7.pdf.
[66]Essletzbichler J, Rigby D. Exploring evolutionary economic geographies[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7:549-571.
[67]Frank O.Estimation of Population Totals by Use of Snowball Sample[G]//Holland P and Leinhardt S(eds.).Perspectives on Social Network Research,New York:Academic Press,1979:319-347.
[68]Franz Todtling and Michaela Trippl. Like Phoenix from the Ashes? The Renewal of Clusters in Old Industrial Areas [J]. Urban Stud,2004,41(5):1175-1195.
[69]Frederick,Stacey E.Development and Application of a Value Chain Research Approach to Understand and Evaluate Internal and External Factors and Relationships Affecting Economic Competitiveness in the Textile Value Chain[D/OL]. Raleigh, NC:North Car-olina State University,2010. http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/handle/1840.16/6190.
[70]Freeman L C. A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness[J]. Social Net-works,1979,1:215-239.
[71]Frenken K, Boschma R.A theoretical framework for evolutionary economic geography: industrial dynamics and urban growth as a branching process[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):635-649.
[72]Frenken K.Innovation, Evolution and Complexity Theory[M].Cheltenham:Edward Elgar, 2006.
[73]Garud R,Karn?e P.Path Creation as a Process of Mindful Deviation[G]//Garud R and Karnoe P(eds.).Path Dependence and Creation.London:Lawrence Erlbaum,2001:1-38.
[74]Gattrell A C. Complexity theories and geographies of health:a critical assessment[J]. Social Science and Medicine,2005,60:2661-2671.
[75]Gereffi G. International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain [J].Journal of International Economics,1999,48:37-70.
[76]Gereffi G, Humphrey J and Sturgeon T. The governance of global value chains [J]. Review of International Political Economy,2005,12:78-104.
[77]Gereffi G,Fernandez-Stark K. Global value chain analysis:a primer[R/OL]. Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University Durham,North Carolina, USA,2011.http://www.cggc.duke.edu/pdfs/2011-05-31_GVC_analysis_ a_primer.pdf.
[78]Gertler M.Manufacturing Culture:the Institutional Geography of Industrial Practice[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004.
[79]Gertler M.Tacit knowledge,Path Dependency and Local Trajectories of Growth[G]//Fu-chs G and Shapira P(eds.).Rethinking Regional Innovation and Change,Path Dependen-cy or Regional breakthrough?New York:Springer Verlag,2005:23-42.
[80]Giuliani E.Cluster absorptive capacity[J].European Urban and Regional Studies,2005,12 (3):269-288.
[81]Giuliani E,ell M.The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation:evide-nce from a Chilean wine cluster[J].Research Policy,2005,34:47-68.
[82]Gort Michael and Klepper Steven. Time Paths in the Diffusion of Product Innovation [J].The Economic Journal,1982,92:630-653.
[83]Gottardi G.Technology strategies, innovation without R&D.And the Creation of Know-ledge Within Industrial Districts[J].Industry & Innovation,1996,3(2):119-134.
[84]Grabher G.The Embedded Firm:on the Sociometrics of Industrial Networks[M].London: Routledge,1993.
[85]Granovetter M. Economic action and social structures:the problem of embededness[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1985,91:481-510.
[86]Granovetter M. The Strength of Weak Ties[J].American Journal of Sociology,1973,78: 1287-1303.
[87]Greiner L E. Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow:A company's past has clues for management that are critical to future success[J]. Family Business Review, 1997,10(4):397-409.
[88]Hadjimichalis C.The end of Third Italy as we knew it[J]?Antipode,2006,38(1):82-106.
[89]Hall P,Soskice D.Varieties of Capitalism:The Institutional Foundation of Comparative Advantage[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001.
[90]Harris D J.Joan Robinson on 'History versus Equilibrium'[C/OL].Joan Robinson Cent-ennial Conference, Department of Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington,2003. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi= 10.1.1.114.293&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[91]Harrison B.Industrial districts:Old wine in new bottles[J]?Regional Studies,1992(26):469-483.
[92]Harrison B.The Italian Industrial Districts and the crisis of the cooperative form.Part 1. EPS,1994,2(1):3-22. Part II.EPS1994,2(2):159-174.
[93]Harrison S D,Massey and Richards K.Complexity and emergence(another conversation) [J].Area,2006,38:465-471.
[94]Hassink R, Shin D H. The restructuring of old industrial areas in Europe and Asia[J]. Environment and Planning A,2005,37:571-580.
[95]Hassink R.Geography,Networks and Renewal in Old Industrial Areas[J].Paper prepared for Fourth European Meeting on Applied Evolutionary Economics,2005a,5:19-21.
[96]Hassink R.How to Unlock Regional Economies from Path Dependency?From Learning Region to Learning Cluster[J].European Planning Studies,2005b,13(4):521-535.
[97]Hassink R.Regional resilience:a promising concept to explain differences in regionale conomic adaptability[J]?Cambridge Journal of Regions,Economy and Society,2010,3(1): 45-58.
[98]Hassink R. The strength of weak lock-ins:the renewal of the Westmunsterland textile industry[J]. Environment and Planning A,2007,39:1147-1165.
[99]Hassink R. What distinguishes good from bad industrial agglomerations[J]? Erdkunde, 1997,51:2-11.
[100]Hayter R.The dynamics of industrial location.The factory,the firm and the production system[M].New York:Wiley,1997.
[101]Henderson J,Dicken P,Hess M,Coe N and Yeung H W C. Global production networks and the analysis of economic development[J]. Review of International Political Econo-my,2002,9(3):436-464.
[102]Henry N, Pinch S. Neo-Marshallian nodes, institutional thickness, and Britain's 'Motor Sport Valley':thick or thin[J]?Environment and Planning A,2001,33(7):1169-1183.
[103]Hermann Bomer.Political Economy of Modernizing Old Industrial Areas and Crisis of the New economy:Example of the Ruhr Area and the City of Dortmund[C/OL].Paper (draft) Presented to the 42 European Regional Science Association Congress Dortmund, 2002,8.http://www-sre.wu-wien.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa02/cd-rom/papers/433.pdf.
[104]Herrigel G B.Industrial Organization and the Politics of Industry:Centralized and De-centralized Production in Germany[D].Massachusetts:PhD thesis MIT,1990.
[105]Hiley M.Industrial restructuring in ASEAN and the role of Japanese foreign direct in-vestment[J].European Business Review,1999,99(2):80-91.
[106]Hirschman A O.Strategy of Economic Development[M]. New Haven:Yale University Press,1958.
[107]Huang Z H,Zhang X B and Zhu Y W.The role of clustering in rural industrialization: a case study of the foot-wear industry in Wenzhou[J]. China Economic Review,2008, 19(3):409-420.
[108]Hudson R.Conceptualizing economies and their geographies:spaces, flows and circuits [J].Progress in Human Geography,2004,28:447-471.
[109]Humphrey J,Memedovic O. The Global Automotive Industry Value Chain:What Prospect for Upgrading by Developing Countries[R/OL].UNIDO Sectorial Studies Series Work-ing Paper.2003.http://ssrn.com/abstract=424560.
[110]Humphrey J,Schmitz H.How does insertion in global value chains affect upgrading in-dustrial clusters[J]? Regional Studies,2002,36(9):1017-1027.
[111]Iammarino S,McCann P.The Structure and Evolution of Industrial Clusters:Transactions, Technology and Knowledge Spillovers[J].Research Policy,2006,35:1018-1036.
[112]lsaksen A. Lock-in of regional clusters:the case of offshore engineering in the Oslo region[C]//Fornahl D,Brenner T.Cooperation, Network and Institutions in Regional Inn-ovation Systems(eds.).Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2003:247-273.
[113]Simmie J.Path Dependence and New Technological Path Creation in the Danish Wind Power Industry[J].European Planning Studies,2012,20(5):753-772.
[114]Teaford J C.Cities of Heartland:The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Midwest[M].Bloo-mington:lndiana University Press,1993.
[115]Kaplinsky R,Morris M. A Handbook for Value for Value Chain Research[R].Prepared for the IDRC,2001.
[116]Karel Skokan. Regional clusters and transformation of old industrial regions [C].3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science(CERS),2009:770-783.
[117]Karina Fernandez-Stark, Penny Bamber and Gary Gereffi.Upgrading in Global Value Chains:Addressing the Skills Challenge in Developing Countries[R].OECD Background Paper,2012,9.
[118]Klepper S. Disagreements, spinoffs and the evolution of Detroit as the capital of the US auto industry[J].Management Science,2007,53(4):616-631.
[119]KOEN FRENKEN, FRANK VAN OORT and THUS VERBURG.Related Variety,Unr-elated Variety and Regional Economic Growth[J].Regional Studies,2007,41(5):685-697.
[120]Koutsky, Jaroslav, Ondfej Slach and Tomas Boruta. 'Restructuring Economies of Old Industrial Regions-Local Tradition, Global Trends.'[C/OL].Think Globally,Act Locally, Change Individually in the 21st Century.Ostrava:University of Ostrava,2011:166-173. http://conference.osu.eu/globalization/publ2011/166-173_Koutsky-Slach-Boruta.pdf.
[121]Krugman P.The Role of Geography in Development[J].International Regional Science Review,1999.22(2):142-161.
[122]Krugman P.Increasing returns and economic geography[J].Journal of Political Econom-y,1991,99:483-499.
[123]Krugman P.The lessons of Massachusetts for EMU[C]//Torres F,Giavazzi F(eds.).Adjus-tment and Growth in the European Monetary Union.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1993:241-269.
[124]Lambooy J G. Locational Decisions and Regional Structure[G]//Paelinck J H P (eds.). Human Behaviour in Geographical Space.London:Gower,1986:149-165.
[125]Lee J R,Chen J S.Dynamic synergy creation with multiple business activities:toward a competence-based growth model for contract manufacturers[G]//Sanchez R, Heene A (eds.).Theory Development for Competence-Based Management, Advances in Applied Business Strategy.Stanford:JAI Press,2000:209-228.
[126]Liu W, Yeung H W C. China's dynamic industrial sector:the automobile industry[J]. Eurasian Geography and Economics,2008,49:523-548.
[127]Liu Weidong, Peter Dicken. Transnational corporations and 'obligated embeddedness' foreign direct investment in China's automobile industry [J].Environment and Planning A,2006,38:1229-1247.
[128]LIZBETH NAVAS-ALEMAN. The Impact of Operating in Multiple Value Chains for Upgrading:The Case of the Brazilian Furniture and Footwear Industries[J].World Dev-elopment,2011,39(8):1386-1397.
[129]Malmberg A,Maskell P.Towards an explanation of regional specialization and industry agglomeration[J].European Planning Studies,1997,5(1):25-41.
[130]Markusen A.Sticky places in slippery space:A typology of industrial districts[J].Econo-mic Geography,1996(72):293-313.
[131]Markusen A.Profit Cycles,Oligopoly and Regional Development[M]. London:MacMillan, 1985.
[132]Marshall A. Elements of Economics of lndustry[M].London:Macmillan,] 910:19-48.
[133]Marshall A. Principles of Economics[M].8ed. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1961:15-20.
[134]Martin R,Sunley P. Paul Krugman's Geographical Economics and Its Implication for Regional Development Theory:A Critical Assessment[J].Economic Geography,1996,72: 259-292.
[135]Martin R,Sunley P.Complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography[J].Journ-al of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):573-601.
[136]Martin R,Sunley P.Conceptualising Cluster Evolution:Beyond the Life-Cycle Model[J]? Regional Studies,2011,45(10):1299-1318.
[137]Martin R,Sunley P.Deconstructing clusters:chaotic concept or policy panacea[J]?Journal of Economic Geography,2003,3:5-35.
[138]Martin R, Sunley P. Path dependence and regional economic evolution[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(4):395-437.
[139]Martin R.Institutional approaches in economic geography[M]//Sheppard E, Barnes T J. A Companion to Economic Geography.Oxford:Blackwell,2000:77-94.
[140]Martin R.Rethinking regional path dependence:from lock-in to evolution[J]. Economic Geography,2010,86(1):1-27.
[141]Martin R.The new'geographical turn'in economics:some critical reflections[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,1999,23(1):65-91.
[142]Maskell P,Malmberg A.Explaining the Location of Economic Activity:'Ubiquitification' and the Importance of Learning [C]. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers,Boston (MA),1998:25-29.
[143]Maskell P,Malmberg A.Localised learning and industrial competitiveness[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,1999,23(2):167-185.
[144]Menzel M, Fornahl D.Cluster life cycles-dimensions and rationales of cluster evolution [J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2009,19(1):205-238.
[145]Miao Changhong, Wei YeHua, Ma Haitao. Technological learning and innovation in China in the context of globalization[J].Eurasian Geography and Economics,2007,48(6): 1-20.
[146]Michael H Best,Hao Xie.DlSCOVERING REGIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: ROUTE 128 Vs. SILICON VALLEY.DRUID[C]. Summer Conference on Knowledge, Innovation and Competitiveness:Dynamics of Firms,Networks, Regions and Institutions Copenhagen, Denmark,2006,7:18-20.
[147]Moore J F,Predators P. A New Ecology of Competition[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1993.3.
[148]Morgan K,Nauwelaers C. A regional perspective on innovation:from theory to strategy [M]//Morgan K,Nauwelaers C.Regional Innovation Strategies:The Challenge for Lessfa-voured Regions (eds.). The Stationery Office and Regional Studies Association,London, 1999:1-18.
[149]Myungrae Cho, Robert Hassink. The Limits to Locking-Out through Restructuring:the Textile Industry in Daegu, South Korea[J].Regional Studies,2009,43(9):1183-1198.
[150]Nairn A. Engines that move markets[M].New York:John Wiley,2002.
[151]Nelson R. Recent evolutionary theorizing about economic change[J].Journal of Econo-mic Literature,1995,33:48-90.
[152]Nelson R, Winter S. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change [M]. Cambridge: Belknap Press,1982.
[153]Nicolis G,Prigogine I.Exploring Complexity[M].New York:W.H.Freeman and Co.,1989.
[154]North D.Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1990.
[155]Norton R D.City life cycles and American urban policy[M].New York:Academic Press, 1979.
[156]OECD. Global Industrial Restructuring[R].OECD PUBLICATIONS,2002.
[157]Page S E. Path Dependence[J]. Quarterly Journal of Political Science,2006,1:87-115.
[158]Park S O,Markusen A.Generalizing new industrial districts:A theoretical agenda and an application from a non-Western economy[J].Environment and Planning A,1994,27:81-104.
[159]Pavard B,Dugdale J.An Introduction to Complexity in Social Science[J/OL].GRIC-IRIT, Toulouse,2002.http://www.irit.fr/COSI/training/complexity-tutorial/complexity-tutorial.htm.
[160]Pavlinek Petr,Zenka Jan.Upgrading in the automotive industry:firm-level evidence from Central Europe[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2011,5(11):559-586.
[161]Pellenbarg P,Wissen L D J.Firm migration[M]//McCann P.Industrial Location Economi-cs.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2002:110-148.
[162]Pendall R,Foster K A, Cowell M. Resilience and Regions:Building Understanding of the Metaphor[J].Cambridge Journal Regions,Economy and Society,2010,3(1):71-84.
[163]Perrour F.Note Surla Notion de Pole de Brisance[J].Economic Applique,1955(8).
[164]Piore M, Sabel C.The Second Industrial Divide:Possibilities for Prosperity[M]. New York:Basic Books,1984:1-30.
[165]Platteau J P.Behind the Market Stage Where Real Societies Exist-part2:The Role of Moral Norms[J].The Journal of Development Studies,1994,30(3):753-817.
[166]Plummer P,Sheppard E.Geography matters:agency,structures and dynamics at the inters-ection of economics and geography [J].Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6:619-638.
[167]Porter M. On Competition[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[168]Porter M. The Competitive Advantage of Nations[M].New York:The Free Press,1990.
[169]Potter A,Watt H D.Evolutionary agglomeration theory:increasing returns,diminishing ret-urns and the industry life cycle[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(3):417-455.
[170]Rabellotti R.Recovery of a Mexican cluster:Devaluation Bonanza or collective efficien-cy[J]? World Development,1999,27(9):1571-1585.
[171]Rabellotti R. How globalization affects Italian industrial districts:the case of Brenta [M]//Schmitz H(eds.). Local Enterprises in the Global Economy:Issues of Governance and Upgrading.UK:Edward Elgar,2004:140-173.
[172]Raghu Garud,Arun Kumaraswamy, Peter Karn?e.Path Dependence and Path Creation? [J].Journal of Management Studies,2010,4:47.
[173]Rawstron E M. Three principles of industrial location[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,1958,25:132-142.
[174]Rees J.Technological change and regional shifts in American manufacturing[J].Professi-onal Geographer,1979,31:45-54.
[175]Rigby D,Essletzbichler J.Evolution,process variety, and regional trajectories of technolo-gical change in U.S. manufacturing[J].Economic Geography,1997,73:269-284.
[176]Rigby D,Essletzbichler J.Technological variety, technological change and a geography of production techniques[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6:45-70.
[177]Romer P M. Endogenous Technological Change [J].Journal of Political Economy,1990, 98(5)part 2:71-102.
[178]Rosenfeld Stuart A.Just clusters. Economic development strategies that reach more pe-ople and places[C].Carrboro:Regional Technology Strategies,2002.
[179]Sammarra A, Belussi F. Evolution and relocation in fashionled Italian districts:evidence from two case-studies[J].Entrepreneurship and Regional Development,2006,18(6):543-562.
[180]Saviotti P P.Technological evolution,variety and the economy[J].The Economic Journal, 1998,108(451):1872-1874.
[181]Saxenian, AnnaLee. Regional advantage:Culture and competition in silicon valley and route128[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1994.
[182]Schamp E W.Decline of the district,renewal of firms:an evolutionary approach to foot-wear production in the Pirmasens area,Germany[J].Environment and Planning A,2005, 37(4):617-634.
[183]Schienstock Gerd. From path dependency to path creation. Finland on its way to the knowledge-based economy[J].Current Sociology,2007,55(1):92-109.
[184]Schmitz H,Knorringa P.Learning from global buyers[J].Journal of Development Studies, 2000,37(2):177-205.
[185]Schmitz H,Musyck B.Industrial districts in Europe:policy lessons for developing countr-ies[J].World Development,1994,22(6):889-910.
[186]Schmitz H,Nadvi K.Clustering and industrialization:Introduction[J]. World Development, 1999,27(9):1503-1514.
[187]Schumpeter J A. Business Cycles:A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process[M]. New York:Ma Graw Hill,1939.
[188]Schwarz H.Down the Wrong Path:Path Dependence,Increasing Returns, and Historical Institutionalism[M].Mimeo,Department of Politics,University of Virginia,2004.
[189]Scott A J. New Industrial Space[M].London:Pion,1988:1-28.
[190]Scott A J. Geography and Economy[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006.
[191]Scott A J. Location Process, Urbanization, and Territorial Development[J].Envirenment and Planning A,1985,17(4):479-501.
[192]Scott A J. Economic geography:the great half-century[J].Cambridge Journal of Econo-mics,2000,24(4):483-504.
[193]Scott A J.Technopolis.High Technology Industry and Regional Development in Southe-rn California[M].Berkely:University of California Press,1993.
[194]Scott A J.The shoe industry of Marikina City,Philippines:a developing country cluster in crisis[J].Philippine Journal of Third World Studies,2005,20(2):76-99.
[195]Sengenberger W.The experiences in emerging and developing countries:Introduction[G] //Becattini G, Bellandi M and De Propris L(eds.). A Handbook of Industrial Districts. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2009:565-569.
[196]Setterfield M.Rapid Growth and Relative Decline.Modelling Macroeconomic Dynamics with Hysteresis[M].London:Macmillan,1997.
[197]Simon H A.A behavioural model of rational choice[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1955,69:99-118.
[198]STEFANO PONTE,JOACHIM EWERT.Which Way is'Up'in Upgrading?Trajectories of Change in the Value Chain for South African Wine[J].World Development,2009,37 (10):1637-1650.
[199]Steiner M.Old industrial areas:a theoretical approach[J].Urban Studies,1985,22:387-398.
[200]Storper M,Walker R.The Capitalist Imperative:Territory,Technology and Industrial Gro-wth[M].New York:Basil Blackwell,1989.
[201]Storper M.The Limits to Globalization:Technology Districts and Industrial Growth[J]. Economic Geography,1992,68(1):60-93.
[202]Storper M.The Regional World:Territorial Development in a Global Economy[M].Ca-mbridge,Mass:Harvard University Press,1997.
[203]Storper M, Scott A J. Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development[M].Lo-ndon:Routledge,1992.
[204]Storper M.Institutions, Incentives and Communication in Economic Geography[M].Stut-tgart:Franz Steiner Verlag,2004.
[205]Sturgeon T J,Memedovic O,Van Biesebroeck J,Gereffi G.Globalisation of the automoti-ve industry:main features and trends[J].Intemational Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development,2009,2:7-24.
[206]Swann P.Towards a Model of Clustering in High-Teehnology Industries[C]//Swann P, Prevezer M and Stout D(Eds.).Clustering in High-Technology Industries.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998:52-76.
[207]Swanstrom T.Regional Resilience:A Critical Examination of the Ecological Framework [R/OL].University of California, Berkeley,Institute of Urban and Regional Development, Working Paper,2008.http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g27m5zg#page-1.
[208]Taylor M J.Location decisions of small firms[J].Area,1970,2:51-54.
[209]Ter Wal A, Boschma R.Co-evolution of Firms, Industries and Networks in Space[J]. Regional Studies,2011,45(7):919-933.
[210]Tichy G.Clusters,less dispensable and more risky than ever[C]//Steiner M.Clusters and Regional Specialization.London:Pion Limited,1998:226-236.
[211]United Nations. Social aspects and financing of industrial restructuring[R]. printed at United Nations,Geneva,2005.
[212]Utterback J,Abemathy N. A Dynamical Model of Process and Product Innovation[J]. Omega,1975,3(6).
[213]Vale J L,Campanella T J.The Resilient City:How Modern Cities Recover from Disast-er[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2005.
[214]Grunsven L, Smakman F. Industrial restructuring and early industry pathways in the Asian first-generation NICs:the Singapore garment industry[J]. Environment and Plan-ning A,2005,37(4):657-680.
[215]Van Klink A,De Langen P.Cycles in Industrial Clusters:The Case of the Shipbuilding Industry in the Northern Netherlands[J].Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geog-rafie,2001,92(4):449-463.
[216]Vernon R.International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle[J].Qu-arterly Journal of Economics,1966,80:190-207.
[217]Walcott S.Wenzhou and the Third Italy:Entrepreneurial Model Regions[J].Journal of Asia-Pacific Business,2007,8(3):23-35.
[218]Walker R.The Geography of Production[C]//Sheppard E,Barnes T(eds.). A Companion to Economic Geography.Oxford:Blackwell,2001:113-132.
[219]Wang Jici,Wang Jixian.An analysis of new-tech" agglomeration in Beijing:a new indus-trial district in the making[J]?Environment and Planning A,1998,31(4):681-701.
[220]Wei Y H D,Li W M and Wang C B.Restructuring industrial districts,scaling up regi-onnal development:A study of the Wenzhou Model,China[J].Economic Geography,2007, 83(4):421-444.
[221]Wei Y H D.Beyond new regionalism, beyond global production networks:remaking the Sunan model,china[J]. Environment and Planning C:Government and Policy,2010,28(1): 72-96.
[222]Wei Y H D.Beyond The GPN-New Regionalism Divide In China:Restructuring The Clothing Industry, Remaking The WenZhou Model[J]. Geografiska Annaler:Series B, Human Geography,2011,93(3):237-251.
[223]Wei Y H D.Beyond the Sunan model trajectory and underlying factors of development in Kunshan,China[J].Environment and Planning A,2002,34:1725-1747.
[224]Wei Y H D.China's Shoe Manufacturing and the Wenzhou Model Perspectives on the World's Leading Producer and Exporter of Footwear[J].Eurasian Geography and Econ-omics,2009,50(6):720-739.
[225]Wei Y H D.Fiscal Reforms,Investment,and Regional Development in Jiangsu Province [J].Issues and Studies,2000,36(2):73-98.
[226]Wei Y H D. Regional development in China:States, globalization, and inequality[M]. New York:Routledge,2000.
[227]Whiteford J.The decline of a model? Challenge and response in the Italian industrial districts[J].Economy and Society,2001,30(1):38-65.
[228]Williams A M. Lost in translation. International migration, learning and knowledge[J]. Progress in Human Geography,2006,30:588-607.
[229]Young A.Increasing Returns in Economic Progress[J].Economic Journal,1928,38(4):527-542.
[230]Zook M.The Geography of the Internet Industry[M].Oxford:Blackwell,2005.
[231][美]道格拉斯C.诺斯(著).制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].杭行,译.上海：格致出版社、上海人民出版社,2008.
[232][美]菲利普.阿吉翁,彼得.霍依特(著).内生增长理论[M].陶然等,译.北京：北京大学出版社,2004.
[233][美]罗纳德.伯特(著).结构洞：竞争的社会结构[M].任敏等,译.上海：格致出版社、上海人民出版社,2008.
[234][美]迈克尔.德托佐斯等(著).美国制造：如何从渐次衰落到重振雄风[M].惠永正等,译.北京：科学技术出版社,1998.
[235][美]乔治.J.施蒂格勒(著).产业组织[M].王永钦、薛锋,译.上海：上海人民出版社,2006.
[236][瑞]缪尔达尔(著).经济理论与不发达区域[M].陈瑞,译.北京：北京经济学院出版社,1991.
[237][英]R.J.约翰斯顿(主编).人文地理学词典[M].柴彦威等,译.北京：商务印书馆,2005.
[238][英]彼得.迪肯(著).全球性转变：重塑21世纪的全球经济地图[M].刘卫东等,译.北京：商务印书馆,2007.
[239][英]约翰.斯科特(著).社会网络分析法[M].刘军,译.重庆：重庆大学出版社,2007.
[240]阿夫纳.格雷夫.历史制度分析：从经济史视角研究制度问题的新进展[J].经济社会体制比较,2003(5).
[241]安纳利.萨克森宁：地区优势：硅谷和128公路地区的文化与竞争[M].上海：上海远东出版社,1999：72.
[242]别春静,陈雯.基于自组织理论探析浙江企业集群的形成和演进[J].华东经济管理,2006,4：4-8.
[243]蔡建娜.温州模式再研究：新问题与新方法[J].上海经济研究,2010(6)：19-26,56.
[244]曾刚,林兰.技术扩散与高新技术企业区位研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2008：124-127.
[245]曾刚,文嫮.上海浦东信息产业集群的建设[J].地理学报,2004(59)：59-66.
[246]曾刚.上海汽车产业集群建设之管见[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17：168.
[247]陈丽霞.历史视野下的温州人地关系研究(960-1840)[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2011：84-91.
[248]陈秀山(主编).中国区域经济问题研究[M].北京：商务印书馆,2005.
[249]仇保兴.小企业集群研究[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1999：123.
[250]杜德斌.跨国公司R&D全球化的区位模式研究[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2001.
[251]杜德斌等.跨国公司在华研发发展、影响及对策研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[252]杜润生.解读温州经济模式[J].理论参考,2002,7：38-40.
[253]樊杰,陈东.珠江三角洲产业结构转型与空间结构调整的战略思考[J].战略与决策研究,2009,24(2)：138-144.
[254]樊新生,李小建.欠发达地区产业集群演化分析——以河南长垣卫生材料产业集群为例[J].经济地理,2009,29(1)：113-118.
[255]樊新生,覃成林.我国欠发达地区企业集群形成与演化过程初步研究——河南省农村地域企业集群的调查与思考[J].经济地理,2005,25(3)：321-323.
[256]费洪平.企业地理研究综述[J].地理研究,1993,12(1)：111-119.
[257]冯兴元.欧盟与德国：解决区域发展不平衡问题的方法与思路[M].北京：中国劳动社会保障出版社,2002.
[258]傅允生.专业化产业区建设与区域经济发展：以浙江为例[J].财经研究,2003,29(7)：51-56.
[259]高相铎,李诚固.美国五大湖工业区产业结构演变的城市化响应机理辨析[J].世界地理研究,2006,(1)：71-77.
[260]辜胜阻,郑凌云,张昭华.区域经济文化对创新模式影响的比较分析：以硅谷和温州为例[J].中国软科学,2006,4：8-14,45.
[261]郭金喜.传统产业集群升级：路径依赖和蝴蝶效应耦合分析[J].经济学家,2007,3：66-71.
[262]郭连强.衰退产业调整的国际比较与启示[J].经济纵横,2004,9：53-56.
[263]洪银兴,陈宝敏.苏南模式的新发展——兼与温州模式比较[J].改革,2001,4：53-58.
[264]洪振宁主编.温州改革开放30年[G].杭州：浙江人民出版社,2008.
[265]胡建绩,陈海滨.促进产业集群企业衍生的关键“软因素”分析——以浙江“块状经济”企业衍生的经验为例[J].中国工业经济，2005,3：51-57.
[266]胡兆量.温州模式的特征与地理背景[J].经济地理,1987,7(1)：19-24.
[267]黄先海.国际性专业化产业区：目标模式及现实差距——基于温州打火机产业区的分析[J].商业经济与管理,2005,2：43-47.
[268]贾根良.理解演化经济学[J].中国社会科学,2004,2：33-41.
[269]姜海宁,谷人旭,朱华友,马远军.跨国整车企业在华投资的区位选择研究[J].世界地理研究,2012,21(4)：90-96.
[270]金祥荣,朱希伟.专业化产业区的起源与演化：一个历史与理论视角的考察[J].经济研究,2002,8：74-82.
[271]金祥荣.“浙江模式”的转换与市场创新[J].浙江学刊,1998(1)：36-39.
[272]金祥荣.浙江经济发展的创新动力结构：企业、市场和分工制度的创新[J].浙江经济,2000,8：10-12.
[273]李建,宁越敏.全球生产网络的浮现及其探讨——一个基于全球化的地方发展研究框架[J].上海经济研究,2011(9)：20-54.
[274]李琳.创新集群、合作网络与地区竞争力[J].云南财贸学院学报,2004,20(5)：99-103.
[275]李小建.新产业区与经济活动全球化的地理研究[J].地理科学进展,1997,16(3)：16-23.
[276]李小建.关于公司地理研究的几个问题[J].经济地理,1991,11(3)：42-46.
[277]李永刚.企业衍生研究导论[J].南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,3：71-76.
[278]林竞君.网络、社会资本与集群生命周期研究——一个新经济社会学的视角[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2005：129-143.
[279]林培云.温州特色产业区的形成机制和发展潜力[J].浙江经济,2000,7：13-14.
[280]林毅夫.诱致性制度变迁与强制性制度变迁[J].卡托杂志(美),1989(春季号).
[281]刘军.整体网分析讲义(UCINET软件实用指南)[M].上海：格致出版社,2009.
[282]刘卫东,Peter Dicken,杨伟聪.信息技术对企业空间组织的影响--以诺基亚北京星网工业园为例[J].地理研究,2004,23(6)：833-844.
[283]刘志高,尹贻梅，孙静.产业集群形成的演化经济地理学研究评述[J].地理科学进展,2011,6：652-657.
[284]卢锋.产品内分工[J].经济学(季刊),2004,4(1)：55-82.
[285]吕拉昌,魏也华.产业集群理论的争论、困惑与评论[J].人文地理,2007,4：21-26.
[286]吕拉昌,魏也华.新产业区的形成、特征及高级化途径[J].经济地理,2006,26(3)：359-368.
[287]马津龙.温州发展的复归与超越[J].浙江社会科学,2004(2)：27-30.
[288]马可.福尔蒂斯,莫尼卡.卡尔米纳蒂.2005.产业区：意大利的经济现实与立法框架[M]//罗红波,M.巴尔巴托.产业区直面经济全球化——中意比较研究.北京：社会科学文献出版社,2008：207-242.
[289]马克思.资本论(第三卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1972.
[290]马仁锋,吴杨,沈玉芳.产业区演化研究的主要领域与进展——兼论对创意产业区演化研究的启示[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(10)：1276-1288.
[291]马述忠,乔勃.基于全球价值链的温州鞋业自主创新能力研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(4)：612-618.
[292]苗长虹,艾少伟.学习场结构与空间中的创新[J].经济地理,2009,29(7)：1057-1062.
[293]苗长虹,魏也华,吕拉昌.新经济地理学[M].北京：科学出版社,2011.
[294]苗长虹,魏也华.技术学习与创新：经济地理学的视角[J].人文地理,2007,22(5)：1-9.
[295]苗长虹.“产业区”研究的主要学派与整合框架：学习型产业区的理论建构[J].人文地理,2006,21(6)：97-103.
[296]苗长虹.马歇尔产业区理论的复兴及其理论意义[J].地域研究与开发,2004,23(1)：1-6.
[297]宁越敏,石崧.从劳动空间分工到大都市空间组织[M].北京：科学出版社,2011.
[298]宁越敏,武前波.企业空间组织与城市-区域发展[M].北京：科学出版社,2011：115-116.
[299]宁越敏.从劳动分工到城市形态(一)——评艾伦.斯科特的区位论[J].城市问题,1995,(2)：18-21.
[300]宁越敏.新的国际劳动分工世界城市和我国中心城市的发展[J].城市问题,1991,3：2-7.
[301]秦政强.互惠交易与温州模式的锁定[J].现代经济探讨，2010(4)：23-26.
[302]秦政强.全球价值链下温州家具产业集群发展研究[J].经济论坛,2008(9)：22-25.
[303]任保平.衰退工业区的产业重建与政策选择：德国鲁尔区的案例[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2007.
[304]任晓.自治与增长——“温州模式”的经验[M].杭州：浙江人民出版社,2011：136,161-162.
[305]盛洪.分工与交易[M].上海：三联书店,1992.
[306]盛世豪.从产业集群视角看温州模式[J].浙江社会科学,2004(2)：31-35.
[307]石大力.专业化产业区生成机理研究[M].北京：中国农业科学技术出版社,2007：65-90.
[308]石忠良,何维达.产业兴衰与转化规律[M].经济管理出版社,2004：3-8.
[309]史晋川,朱康对.温州模式研究：回顾与展望[J].浙江社会科学,2002(3)：3-15.
[310]史晋川.温州模式的历史制度分析——从人格化交易与非人格化交易视角的观察[J].浙江社会科学,2004(2)：16-20.
[311]史晋川等著.制度变迁与经济发展：温州模式研究[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002.
[312]孙斌栋.制度变迁与区域经济增长[M].北京：科学出版社,2007：159-167.
[313]王钢,郭建东.温州产业：从集群走向全球价值链[J].浙江经济,2009(2)：48-49.
[314]王钢.基于全球生产网络的民营企业对外直接投资研究——以温州为例[D].上海：华东师范大学,2013.
[315]王缉慈,刘譞.经济危机背景下对我国专业化产业区的反思——重温意大利式产业区的价值[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(3)：1-6.
[316]王缉慈.超越集群：中国产业集群的理论探索[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.
[317]王缉慈.创新的空间——企业集群与区域发展[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2001.
[318]王缉慈.从意大利产业区模式看浙江专业化产业区发展前景[J].浙江经济,2000,7：10-12.
[319]王缉慈.简评关于新产业区的国际学术讨论[J].地理科学进展,1998,17(3)：29-35.
[320]王缉慈.中国产业区的发展概况与经验总结[M]//罗红波,M.巴尔巴托.产业区直面经济全球化——中意比较研究.北京：社会科学文献出版社,2008,11-13.
[321]王缉慈.中国新工业区的形成——开发区现象见解[J].地理译报,1994(4)：1-3.
[322]王俊,刘东.摆脱代工企业创新困境的社会网络论分析——基于温州打火机产业的案例研究[J].商业经济与管理.201 0(5)：55-61,70.
[323]王周扬.超越“温州模式”：乐清低压电器产业区演化研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2012.
[324]王周杨,魏也华.意大利产业区重组：集团化、创新与国际化[J].地理科学,2011,31(11)：1335-1341.
[325]魏后凯.大都市区新型产业分工与冲突管理：基于产业链分工的视角[J].中国工业经济,2007，2：28-34.
[326]魏江,申军.传统产业集群创新系统的结构和运行模式[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2003：114-117.
[327]温州市经济建设规划院课题组.温州市产业集群培育研究报告(温州市经贸委2008年重点课题)[R].2008,8：35.
[328]文嫮,曾刚.从地方到全球：全球价值链框架下集群的升级研究[J].人文地理,2005a(4)：21-25,118.
[329]文嫮,曾刚.全球价值链治理与地方产业网络升级研究——以上海浦东集成电路产业网络为例[J].中国工业经济,2005b(7)：20-27.
[330]吴逢旭,陈文苞.温州试验：两个人的改革开放史[M].杭州：浙江人民出版社,2008：153-154.
[331]吴结兵,郭斌.企业适应性行为、网络化与产业集群的共同演化——绍兴县纺织业集群发展的纵向案例研究[J].管理世界,2010(2)：141-155.
[332]吴铮争,吴殿廷,袁俊,徐涛.中国汽车产业地理集中及其影响因素研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2008.18(1)：116-121.
[333]谢健.产业发展路径依赖与温州模式发展瓶颈[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004(11)：70-74.
[334]熊慧君.由传统到现代——析改革开放以来温州人的心理及其变迁[J].温州论坛,1999.4.
[335]徐充.东北老工业基地产业集群的转型与发展[J].求是学刊,2005,32(2)：56-58.
[336]徐剑光,王钢.眼视光：温州眼镜行业的借势升级[J].浙江经济,2010,]0：48-49.
[337]徐伟,张永凯.生产网络嵌入与区域产业升级——以长三角汽车生产网络为例[J].中国城市研究(集刊),2013,第六辑：159-172.
[338]许庆明,盛其红,黄晖.国际化：产业集群发展的正确选择：以大唐袜业集群为例[J].浙江经济,2004,11：38-39.
[339]杨焕春.温州企业技术创新能力和产出的调查与分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(9)：47-49.
[340]杨瑞龙.我国制度变迁方式转换的三阶段论：兼论地方政府的制度创新行为[J].经济研究,1998，1：3-]0.
[341]于光远.由温州模式谈到“一制多式”[N].大公报,1992-1-28.
[342]臧旭恒,何青松.试论产业集群租金与产业集群演进[J].中国工业经济,2007,3：5-13.
[343]张靖龙等.海洋文化与“温州模式”[M]//史晋川等著.制度变迁与经济发展：温州模式研究.杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002：313-333.
[344]张苗莹.文化、企业制度与交易成本：温州模式的新视角[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2008：114-116.
[345]张仁寿,李红.温州模式研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1990.
[346]张仁寿.温州模式：盛名之下,其实难副[J]?浙江社会科学,2004(2)：20-26.
[347]张曙光.对温州模式的若干思考[J].浙江经济,2011,1：14-15.
[348]张伟明,于蔚.产业集群与转型升级——基于浙江纺织业的研究[J].浙江学刊,2013,1：208-214.
[349]张一力.人力资本结构与区域创新模式——基于温州、西安、深圳的实证比较[J].经济社会体制比较(双月刊),2006(3)：90-92.
[350]张云伟,曾刚,程进.基于全球通道与本地蜂鸣的张江IC产业集群演化[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(3)：38-43.
[351]张云逸,曾刚.技术权力影响下的产业集群演化研究——以上海汽车产业集群为例[J].人文地理,2010(2)：120-124.
[352]赵伟,秦政强.采购商驱动全球价值链与温州鞋业国际化[J].价格理论与实践,2005(4)：52-53.
[353]赵伟.温州模式何去何从?兼答对于“温州力量”的质疑[N].经济学消息报,2000-4-7.
[354]郑亚莉.原发型专业化产业区起源的演化分析[J].浙江社会科学,2003(6)：36-41.
[355]周业安.中国制度变迁的演进论解释[J].经济研究,2000,5：3-11.
[356]朱华晟,王缉慈,李鹏飞,李伟.基于多重动力机制的集群企业迁移及区域影响——以温州灯具企业迁移中山古镇为例[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(3)：329-336.
[357]朱华友,潘妩妮,王缉慈.基于共同演化的产业区变迁路径分岔研究——“技术—组织—区域”三位一体的视角[J].人文地理,2013(3)：121-147.
[358]朱华友,王缉慈.去地方化与区域发展：欧美实证与中国启示[J].经济地理,2013,2：8-13,34.
[359]朱康对,张静蓉.萧江塑编：一个产业群落的演进[J].浙江经济,2001,10：42-43.
[360]朱康对.经济转型期的产业群落演进：温州区域经济发展初探[J].中国农村观察,1999,3：3541.
[361]朱康对.温州鞋业：从地方化集群到全球价值链[G].洪振宁主编.温州民营经济发展30年(理论探索卷下).杭州：浙江人民出版社,2008：971-980.
[362]朱卫平.珠江三角洲产业转型问题研究[J].学术研究,2008(10)：38-44.
[363]左培文.汽车产业整零关系发展模式探讨[J].汽车工业研究,2006.5：10-13.