大学生主观幸福感及其与人格特征的相关研究
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摘要
主观幸福感是评价者根据自定的标准对其生活质量的整体性的评价,是反映生活质量的重要心理学参数。主观幸福感研究立足于积极情感,是不同于过去心理学研究的全新的研究视角。展开大学生主观幸福感的研究对于丰富正处发展中的积极心理学的理论内容,对更有针对性的开展积极的心理健康教育,指导大学生的自我保健,从而改善大学生生活质量,提高身心健康水平有重要的实践意义。
     本文在对主观幸福感的概念、测量方法及国内大学生主观幸福感研究现状进行评述的基础上,采用自编的大学生主观幸福感问卷经信度效度检验后对大学生主观幸福感结构和特点进行初步探讨,同时对主观幸福感与人格特征的关系进行研究。得出结果如下:(1)大学生主观幸福感由积极情感、消极情感、朋友同学交往满意感、外在环境满意感、家庭满意感、情感满意感、学习及自我满意感七个维度构成。测量大学生主观幸福感可从七个方面着手。(2)大学生主观幸福感存在差异。不同性别、专业、年级、生源、家庭经济收入的大学生的主观幸福感有各自不同的特点。其中,女生主观幸福感高于男生;艺术体育类大学生主观幸福感高于理科生和文科生;三年级学生主观幸福感最高,一二年级主观幸福感较低;家庭经济收入越低,主观幸福感也越低;来自城镇大学生的主观幸福感高于来自农村的大学生。(3)主观幸福感和人格特征之间存在显著相关。外向性与主观幸福感得分有显著正相关;神经质与主观幸福感得分有显著负相关;精神质与主观幸福感有显著负相关。外向稳定型学生主观幸福感总均分最高,其次是内向稳定型、外向不稳定型、内向不稳定型。最后依据结果,提出三点建议:1.从多方面关注主观幸福感,展开积极情感教育2.重点提高大学生学习及自我满意感,有针对性关注不同大学生生活质量3.培养大学生活泼开朗的性格,尽量保持稳定的情绪状态。
Subjective well-being may be defined as people's global evaluation of their lives by their own criteria. It's an important psychological index of life quality. The study of subjective well-being which concentrates on positive affection offers people a new perspective to understand psychology. A study on subjective well-being of the college students will enrich the theoretical contents of Positive Psychology, and the result of subjective well-being study will help direct mental health education efficiently and improve the level of body-mind health of college students. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance.
    Based on the review of the concepts, measure method of subjective well-being, and the current research situations of college students' subjective well-being, the paper made a tentative study on the dimension of subjective well-being, the characteristic of college students' subjective well-being and the relationship between subjective well-being and personality traits. The assessment scale we used was made up by ourselves and it was a reliable and valid instrument. The main conculsions are as follows:
    1. The College Students Subjective well-being Inventory is composed of 7 factors: positive emotion, negative emotion, friend satisfaction, environment satisfaction, family satisfaction, affection satisfaction, and study & self satisfaction.
    2. There are some differences in subjective well-being in different groups of college students. The subjective well-being of college students has some characteristics: The female college students' scores of Subjective well-being are higher than those of male students. The students majored in art and gym are more happier than other students. As for the grade difference of subjective well-being, the students of grade 3 is the happiest. The students from city have higher subjective well-being scores than those from countryside, and economical no-needy students have a better subjective well-being than needy students.
    
    
    
    3. There is close relation between subjective well-being and personality traits. Subjective well-being is positively correlated with extraversion, while negatively correlated with neuroticism and psychoticism. The students of extroversion-low neuroticism have the highest subjective well-being. According to the results, three pieces of suggestions for improving the level of college students subjective well-being are presented: 1) Thinking of subjective well-being from 7 aspects, and carrying out positive emotional education. 2) especially improving the study & self satisfaction of college students and paying attention to some students life satisfaction. 3) cultivating the good personality of alacrity for college students and keeping their emotion stable.
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