老年人生活满意度与心血管疾病的关系研究
摘要
人口老龄化是世界性心理卫生问题。随着社会进步和医疗卫生事业的发展，人口老龄化已成为世界上多数国家面临的严峻现实。人口老龄化的影响，使得老年人群的生活质量问题越来越突出。生活满意度是衡量老年人心理健康状况与生活质量的重要指标，老年人的生活满意度问题已成为当前生活质量研究中的重要课题。
我国是世界上老年人口最多的国家，并以最快的速度增加。老年型人口国家面临的一个主要问题就是如何提高和改善老年人的健康水平和生活质量。据卫生部统计资料显示，心血管疾病是危害老年人健康及生命的主要疾病，据全国19个点的调查结果显示，心血管疾病已跃居死亡原因的首位，在心血管疾病的死因分析中，生活方式和心理行为因素已超过传统的生物因素，成为与死亡有关的首位因素。
心理社会因素是导致心血管疾病发病的主要诱因。强烈的紧张、焦虑、痛苦、愤怒和情绪的过度压抑，是高血压的诱发因素，这些因素与生活满意度和心理卫生状况有关。心理卫生状况不佳和生活满意度低下，常引起负性情绪和不良心理状态，容易出现应激不良，从而导致对生活满意度的下降，
引起负性情绪，导致或加重心血管疾病。
心血管疾病和其他心身疾病一样，存在着明显的心理障碍，抑郁症状明显，引起抑郁的原因很多，如工作岗位的变更、事业上的失落、生活环境改变、丧偶、婚姻家庭问题、子女儿孙问题等及慢性疾病的折磨都可产生反应性抑郁，导致生活满意度低下。老年人由于心理防卫及适应能力下降，对躯体疾病及精神挫折的耐受性减退，更容易导致高血压及冠心病或其他疾病的发生。如何提高老年人的生活质量，让他们满意、幸福的安度晚年，降低老年人心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率，已成为全社会共同关心的问题，也是老年学重要研究课题。
本研究将心血管疾病概念引入老年人生活满意度研究中，以不同生活方式的老年人为研究对象，采用老年人生活满意度量表、老年人生活满意度影响因素调查表、心电图测量及血压测量对来自长春市区的吉林省老干部活动中心、长春市老年活动中心、朝阳区老年公寓、乐山老年公寓、城西敬老院、柴油机厂南岭分厂和孟家屯居民（居委会编号为基数的居民委）的老年人进行调查研究。探讨不同生活方式老年人生活满意度及其影响因素，重点研究老年人生活满意度与心血管疾病之间关系。
结果发现：
1、生活满意度在3级以上的老年人占调查总人数的72.33%，表明大多数老年人对目前的生活自觉幸福、满意。
2、不同生活方式老年人的生活满意度存在差异。老干部组、老
年公寓组、普通居民组、敬老院组老年人生活满意度1+2级分别占各组人数的19.93%、30.31%、25.56%、47.27%；生活满意度3+4级分别占各组人数的80.07%、69.69%、74.44%、52.73%。其中，老干部组生活满意度高于其它组，敬老院组生活满意度低于其它组。
3、影响老年人生活满意度的因素主要为文化程度、经济收入、健康状况、家庭关系及团体活动参与程度。
4、生活满意度低的老年人心血管疾病的患病人数明显高于生活满意度高者，表明老年有伴、家庭和睦、有较高的稳定经济收入、子女孝顺、生活方式合理、有良好的卫生习惯及经常参加运动者心血管疾病的患病率较低。
5、不同生活方式的老年人中，老干部组心血管疾病患病率最低。
The old population is a world mental state hygiene problem. The old population is a rigorous problem that the most nations of world facing along with the development of the society and medical sanitation. The old population is a rigorous problem that the most nations of world facing along with the development of the society and medical sanitation. The influence of the old population make living quantity problem of the old population more and more outstanding. The life satisfaction degree is the important standard, the life satisfaction degree of senior citizens have become important lesson within current living quantity research. Our country is a country of most old-age population in the world and increase with the quickest speed. The influence of the old population make living quantity problem of the old population more and more outstanding. The life satisfaction degree is the important standard, the life satisfaction degree of senior citizens have become important lesson within current living quantity research. Our country is a country of most old-age population in the world and increase with the quickest speed. A key problem that the nation of old- age population is how to increase with the health level and
living quantity. A key problem that the nation of old- age population is how to increase with the health level and living quantity.
According to statistical data of the hygienic department the cardiovascular diseases was the main diseases that endanger the health and life of senior citizen. According to the investigate result of national 19 areas, cardiovascular diseases have become the primacy of death cause, in the analysis of death cause of cardiovascular diseases, the factors of life style and mental behavior have excessed traditional biological factor, and have become primacy of death cause.
Mentaland social factor are main inducement of cardiovascular diseases. These factor relate to life satisfaction degree and Mental sanitation status. Strong strain, anxiety, pain, outrage and excess oppress emotion are factor of hypertension. Bad mental sanitation status and low life satisfaction arose negative emotion and bad mental state frequently, and lead bad stress, and lead low life satisfaction degree accordingly, and arose negative emotion, and lead or aggravate cardiovasdiar disease.
Cardiovascular diseases as other psychosomatic diseases have the obvious mental obstacle and gloomy symptom, the many cause that arose gloomy were
job changing, the lose of career, habitation changing, bereft of spouse, marrige family problem and slow diseases afflict, these result in low life satisfaction degree.
Because of the decline of the senior citizen's mental defence and adapt ability, their endures of body and inspirit frustrate slack up and easier lead to hypertension and coronary heart disease or other diseases. How to improve the life quality of senior citizens and let them live old age with satisfaction and happiness, lower the rate of disease and mortality rate, have become the entirely society concerned problem and was the important study problem of gerontics.
This article introduced the concept of Cardiovascular Disease into the study of the life satisfaction degree of senior citizens. Using the different groups of senior citizens. Adopted the senior citizens life satisfaction scales and the investigative form of the influence factors of the life satisfaction degree. And Cardiograph measure and blood pressure. We inquired 813 senior citizens of the different groups in Changchun, include Jilinsheng veteran cadre activity center, Changchun city agedness activity center, Chaoyang section old age apartment house, Leshan old age apartment house, Chengxi respect for the aged, diesel
engine factory and Mengjiatun residents. We examined the life satisfaction degree and the influence factors of different groups of senior citizens. The main point is to examine the relationships of the life satisfaction degree of senior citizens and Cardiovascular Disease.
The results showed that:
1.Mor
我国是世界上老年人口最多的国家，并以最快的速度增加。老年型人口国家面临的一个主要问题就是如何提高和改善老年人的健康水平和生活质量。据卫生部统计资料显示，心血管疾病是危害老年人健康及生命的主要疾病，据全国19个点的调查结果显示，心血管疾病已跃居死亡原因的首位，在心血管疾病的死因分析中，生活方式和心理行为因素已超过传统的生物因素，成为与死亡有关的首位因素。
心理社会因素是导致心血管疾病发病的主要诱因。强烈的紧张、焦虑、痛苦、愤怒和情绪的过度压抑，是高血压的诱发因素，这些因素与生活满意度和心理卫生状况有关。心理卫生状况不佳和生活满意度低下，常引起负性情绪和不良心理状态，容易出现应激不良，从而导致对生活满意度的下降，
引起负性情绪，导致或加重心血管疾病。
心血管疾病和其他心身疾病一样，存在着明显的心理障碍，抑郁症状明显，引起抑郁的原因很多，如工作岗位的变更、事业上的失落、生活环境改变、丧偶、婚姻家庭问题、子女儿孙问题等及慢性疾病的折磨都可产生反应性抑郁，导致生活满意度低下。老年人由于心理防卫及适应能力下降，对躯体疾病及精神挫折的耐受性减退，更容易导致高血压及冠心病或其他疾病的发生。如何提高老年人的生活质量，让他们满意、幸福的安度晚年，降低老年人心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率，已成为全社会共同关心的问题，也是老年学重要研究课题。
本研究将心血管疾病概念引入老年人生活满意度研究中，以不同生活方式的老年人为研究对象，采用老年人生活满意度量表、老年人生活满意度影响因素调查表、心电图测量及血压测量对来自长春市区的吉林省老干部活动中心、长春市老年活动中心、朝阳区老年公寓、乐山老年公寓、城西敬老院、柴油机厂南岭分厂和孟家屯居民（居委会编号为基数的居民委）的老年人进行调查研究。探讨不同生活方式老年人生活满意度及其影响因素，重点研究老年人生活满意度与心血管疾病之间关系。
结果发现：
1、生活满意度在3级以上的老年人占调查总人数的72.33%，表明大多数老年人对目前的生活自觉幸福、满意。
2、不同生活方式老年人的生活满意度存在差异。老干部组、老
年公寓组、普通居民组、敬老院组老年人生活满意度1+2级分别占各组人数的19.93%、30.31%、25.56%、47.27%；生活满意度3+4级分别占各组人数的80.07%、69.69%、74.44%、52.73%。其中，老干部组生活满意度高于其它组，敬老院组生活满意度低于其它组。
3、影响老年人生活满意度的因素主要为文化程度、经济收入、健康状况、家庭关系及团体活动参与程度。
4、生活满意度低的老年人心血管疾病的患病人数明显高于生活满意度高者，表明老年有伴、家庭和睦、有较高的稳定经济收入、子女孝顺、生活方式合理、有良好的卫生习惯及经常参加运动者心血管疾病的患病率较低。
5、不同生活方式的老年人中，老干部组心血管疾病患病率最低。
The old population is a world mental state hygiene problem. The old population is a rigorous problem that the most nations of world facing along with the development of the society and medical sanitation. The old population is a rigorous problem that the most nations of world facing along with the development of the society and medical sanitation. The influence of the old population make living quantity problem of the old population more and more outstanding. The life satisfaction degree is the important standard, the life satisfaction degree of senior citizens have become important lesson within current living quantity research. Our country is a country of most old-age population in the world and increase with the quickest speed. The influence of the old population make living quantity problem of the old population more and more outstanding. The life satisfaction degree is the important standard, the life satisfaction degree of senior citizens have become important lesson within current living quantity research. Our country is a country of most old-age population in the world and increase with the quickest speed. A key problem that the nation of old- age population is how to increase with the health level and
living quantity. A key problem that the nation of old- age population is how to increase with the health level and living quantity.
According to statistical data of the hygienic department the cardiovascular diseases was the main diseases that endanger the health and life of senior citizen. According to the investigate result of national 19 areas, cardiovascular diseases have become the primacy of death cause, in the analysis of death cause of cardiovascular diseases, the factors of life style and mental behavior have excessed traditional biological factor, and have become primacy of death cause.
Mentaland social factor are main inducement of cardiovascular diseases. These factor relate to life satisfaction degree and Mental sanitation status. Strong strain, anxiety, pain, outrage and excess oppress emotion are factor of hypertension. Bad mental sanitation status and low life satisfaction arose negative emotion and bad mental state frequently, and lead bad stress, and lead low life satisfaction degree accordingly, and arose negative emotion, and lead or aggravate cardiovasdiar disease.
Cardiovascular diseases as other psychosomatic diseases have the obvious mental obstacle and gloomy symptom, the many cause that arose gloomy were
job changing, the lose of career, habitation changing, bereft of spouse, marrige family problem and slow diseases afflict, these result in low life satisfaction degree.
Because of the decline of the senior citizen's mental defence and adapt ability, their endures of body and inspirit frustrate slack up and easier lead to hypertension and coronary heart disease or other diseases. How to improve the life quality of senior citizens and let them live old age with satisfaction and happiness, lower the rate of disease and mortality rate, have become the entirely society concerned problem and was the important study problem of gerontics.
This article introduced the concept of Cardiovascular Disease into the study of the life satisfaction degree of senior citizens. Using the different groups of senior citizens. Adopted the senior citizens life satisfaction scales and the investigative form of the influence factors of the life satisfaction degree. And Cardiograph measure and blood pressure. We inquired 813 senior citizens of the different groups in Changchun, include Jilinsheng veteran cadre activity center, Changchun city agedness activity center, Chaoyang section old age apartment house, Leshan old age apartment house, Chengxi respect for the aged, diesel
engine factory and Mengjiatun residents. We examined the life satisfaction degree and the influence factors of different groups of senior citizens. The main point is to examine the relationships of the life satisfaction degree of senior citizens and Cardiovascular Disease.
The results showed that:
1.Mor
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