基于ZigBee交通信号管理系统的研究与设计
摘要
城市道路交通智能控制技术是当前控制领域和交通工程领域的研究热点之一。随着人工智能、自动控制技术、计算机技术和通讯技术的迅速发展,各种交通模型和分析综合方法层出不穷,新的理论和研究成果不断出现,并已在实际工程应用中显示出巨大的威力和发展潜力。
本文着力研究无线网络技术在此领域的应用。移动和无线领域正在发生重大技术变革。IT管理人员应该密切注意当前几种主要的无线技术,其中包括无线LAN (WLAN)、无线个人区域网(WPAN)、无线广域网(WAN)及固定接入无线技术。WPAN是在近距离范围运行的一类网络,通常在10米以内。目的在于将移动电话等消费类设备彼此连起来,它是取代线缆和红外线功能的一种无线方案。PAN还在消费类设备和其他类型的网络如WLAN及无线WAN之间发挥桥梁的作用。用于无线个人局域网的几种典型技术,包括蓝牙、ZigBee、UWB等。
ZigBee是一种新兴的近距离、低复杂度、低功耗、低数据速率、低成本的无线网络技术,主要用于近距离无线连接传输。它在数千个微小的传感器之间相互协调实现通信。这些传感器只需要很少的能量,以接力的方式通过无线电波将数据从一个传感器传到另一个传感器,所以它们的通信效率非常高。这种技术在楼宇自动化、工业监控领域具有非常广阔的市场空间。
ZigBee技术基于IEEE802.15.4协议,特别适合于数据吞吐量小、网络建设投资少、网络安全要求较高、不便频繁更换电池或充电的场合。预计将在消费类电子设备、智能家居、工业控制、医用设备、农业自动化等领域获得广泛应用。
本文首先研究分析了ZigBee技术的背景、协议构架和ZigBee网络的构成以及通信方式。然后,设计了基于ZigBee的交通控制系统的方案,该方案包括通讯基站、路由器和终端节点三部分,采用网状的组网方式。以此方案为基础,使用Jennic公司的JN5121芯片完成了传感器、基于12C接口的实时时钟,电源等外围模块的设计。然后设计并完成了各个外围模块的驱动程序。最后,对整个网络性能进行测试,同时对系统的功耗进行了的分析。整个系统框架扩展性好,可靠性高,具有较强的通用性和工程推广性。
Intelligent control technique for urban roadway traffic is an important topic in control domain and traffic engineering domain. With the fast development of artificial intelligence(Al), automatic control, computer and communication techniques, many traffic flow modeling and analysis by synthesis method have been found.New theory and research achievement have been published in resent year. Their applications in engineering have been shown its tremendous powers and huge potentials.
The paper puts forth effort the application of the wireless network technology on this field. Mobile and wireless technologies are undergoing major technological change. IT managers should pay close attention to the present several major wireless technologies, including Wireless LAN (WLAN), Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), Wireless Wide Area Network (WAN) and fixed access wireless technology. WPAN is a class of network operating in close range, usually within 10 meters. The aim of WPAN is to make mobile phones and other consumer devices connected to each other up. It is a wireless solution to replace the cables and infrared features. WPAN serves as a bridge between the consumer devices and other types of networks such as WLAN and wireless WAN. Several typical technologies, including Bluetooth, ZigBee, UWB, etc, are used for wireless personal area network.
ZigBee is a new global standard for wireless communications, with the characteristics of low cost, low Power consumption and low data rate. The ZigBee Protocol based on IEEE802.15.4 standard will be embedded in thousands of sensors, which can communicate easily with power efficient.It has a good market building automation and industrial controls.
ZigBee technology is based on IEEE802.15.4, particularly suited to small data throughput and network construction investment, the higher requirements of the network security, inconvenience frequent battery replacement, intelligent household, industrial, medical equipment control, agricultural automation fields of application.
The paper studies on the background of ZigBee technology, the protocol architectures and the ZigBee networks. Then it completes the scheme of the wireless traffic signal control system which includes base station, router and terminal ZigBee node. It uses mesh structure to construct the network. And then, based on Jennic's JN5121 chip, the paper completes the hardware design which includes sensor module, RTC module based on I2C interface and power module etc, then completes the driver of peripheral modules.At last, it tests the performance and analyses the power of system. Characterized with flexible structure expanding and high reliability, the system contains excellent property in current use and popularization.
本文着力研究无线网络技术在此领域的应用。移动和无线领域正在发生重大技术变革。IT管理人员应该密切注意当前几种主要的无线技术,其中包括无线LAN (WLAN)、无线个人区域网(WPAN)、无线广域网(WAN)及固定接入无线技术。WPAN是在近距离范围运行的一类网络,通常在10米以内。目的在于将移动电话等消费类设备彼此连起来,它是取代线缆和红外线功能的一种无线方案。PAN还在消费类设备和其他类型的网络如WLAN及无线WAN之间发挥桥梁的作用。用于无线个人局域网的几种典型技术,包括蓝牙、ZigBee、UWB等。
ZigBee是一种新兴的近距离、低复杂度、低功耗、低数据速率、低成本的无线网络技术,主要用于近距离无线连接传输。它在数千个微小的传感器之间相互协调实现通信。这些传感器只需要很少的能量,以接力的方式通过无线电波将数据从一个传感器传到另一个传感器,所以它们的通信效率非常高。这种技术在楼宇自动化、工业监控领域具有非常广阔的市场空间。
ZigBee技术基于IEEE802.15.4协议,特别适合于数据吞吐量小、网络建设投资少、网络安全要求较高、不便频繁更换电池或充电的场合。预计将在消费类电子设备、智能家居、工业控制、医用设备、农业自动化等领域获得广泛应用。
本文首先研究分析了ZigBee技术的背景、协议构架和ZigBee网络的构成以及通信方式。然后,设计了基于ZigBee的交通控制系统的方案,该方案包括通讯基站、路由器和终端节点三部分,采用网状的组网方式。以此方案为基础,使用Jennic公司的JN5121芯片完成了传感器、基于12C接口的实时时钟,电源等外围模块的设计。然后设计并完成了各个外围模块的驱动程序。最后,对整个网络性能进行测试,同时对系统的功耗进行了的分析。整个系统框架扩展性好,可靠性高,具有较强的通用性和工程推广性。
Intelligent control technique for urban roadway traffic is an important topic in control domain and traffic engineering domain. With the fast development of artificial intelligence(Al), automatic control, computer and communication techniques, many traffic flow modeling and analysis by synthesis method have been found.New theory and research achievement have been published in resent year. Their applications in engineering have been shown its tremendous powers and huge potentials.
The paper puts forth effort the application of the wireless network technology on this field. Mobile and wireless technologies are undergoing major technological change. IT managers should pay close attention to the present several major wireless technologies, including Wireless LAN (WLAN), Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), Wireless Wide Area Network (WAN) and fixed access wireless technology. WPAN is a class of network operating in close range, usually within 10 meters. The aim of WPAN is to make mobile phones and other consumer devices connected to each other up. It is a wireless solution to replace the cables and infrared features. WPAN serves as a bridge between the consumer devices and other types of networks such as WLAN and wireless WAN. Several typical technologies, including Bluetooth, ZigBee, UWB, etc, are used for wireless personal area network.
ZigBee is a new global standard for wireless communications, with the characteristics of low cost, low Power consumption and low data rate. The ZigBee Protocol based on IEEE802.15.4 standard will be embedded in thousands of sensors, which can communicate easily with power efficient.It has a good market building automation and industrial controls.
ZigBee technology is based on IEEE802.15.4, particularly suited to small data throughput and network construction investment, the higher requirements of the network security, inconvenience frequent battery replacement, intelligent household, industrial, medical equipment control, agricultural automation fields of application.
The paper studies on the background of ZigBee technology, the protocol architectures and the ZigBee networks. Then it completes the scheme of the wireless traffic signal control system which includes base station, router and terminal ZigBee node. It uses mesh structure to construct the network. And then, based on Jennic's JN5121 chip, the paper completes the hardware design which includes sensor module, RTC module based on I2C interface and power module etc, then completes the driver of peripheral modules.At last, it tests the performance and analyses the power of system. Characterized with flexible structure expanding and high reliability, the system contains excellent property in current use and popularization.
引文
[1]北京生活信息网www. ambion.cn
[2]沈国江.城市交通智能控制技术研究,浙大博士论文2004
[3]蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用[M],北京邮电大学出版社,2006
[4]凌志浩,周怡顾,郑丽国ZigBee无线通信技术及其应用研究[J].华东理工大学学报,2006,25(7)：801-805
[5]Gharavi H.Kumar S.P. Special issue on sensor networks and applications. Proceedings of the IEEE,2003,91 (8):1151-1153
[6]谭文群.基于ZigBee技术的煤矿井下人员定位考勤系统的设计[J].煤矿安全,2007,9：54-56
[7]王凯,彭瑜,郑丽国等.基于ZigBee无线水表自动抄表系统的研究与设计[J].自动化仪表,2006,22(5)：166-169
[8]杜丽敏,郭文成ZigBee技术在远程抄表系统中的应用[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,25(7)：57-60
[9]周游,方滨,王普.基于ZigBee技术的智能家居无线网络系统[J].电子技术应用,2005,9：45-48
[10]Ed Callaway, Paul Gorday, Lanee Hester et al. Home Networking with IEEE802.15.4:A Developing Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks. IEEE Communiact ions Magzine,2002,40(8):70-76
[11]Ian F. Akyildiz, Weilian Su, Yogesh Sankarasubramaniam et al. A survey on Sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magzine,2002,40(8):102-105
[12]Egan D. The emergence of ZigBee in building automation and industrial control. Computing&Control Engineering Journal,2005,16(2):14-19
[13]S. Tilak, N. B.Abu-Ghazaleh, W.Heinzelman. A Taxonomy of Wireless micro-sensor network models. Mobile Computing and Communications Reiview, 2002,2(6):28-36
[14]耿萌,于宏毅,张效义ZigBee路由协议分析与性能评估[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(26)：116-120
[15]张宏锋.一个基于ZigBee技术的无线网络平台：[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006
[16]杨赓ZigBee无线传感器网络的研究与实现：[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[17]Microchip ZigBee TM. URL:http://www. microchip. com.
[18]J.Hill, R. Szewezk, A.Woo et al.System architecture directions for networked sensors. ASPLOS,2000.
[19]徐金星.无线传感器网络研究与设计：[D].杭州：浙江大学,2005
[20]Carlos Sun. An Investigation in the Use of Inductive Loop Signatures for Vehicle Classification. Research Reports. California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways(PATH). University of California, Berkeley.2004
[21]David Beymerl, Philip McLauchlan, Jitendra Malik. A Real-Time Computer Vision System for Vehicle Tracking and Traffic Surveillance. Dept of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Califomia,94720-1776 http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/-pm/RoadWatch
[22]翟高寿.基于智能工程的城市交通控制系统的研究[D].北京：北方交通大学,2000.
[23]Selvarajah, K. (Kirusnapillai). Smartdust and ZigBee for transport applications[M]. Newcastle upon Tyne:University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing Science, c2007.
[24]Zwahlen. Traffic-signal group relamping model [J]. Transportation Research,2004,1877:17-25
[25]无锡物联网产业研究院http://www.wsn.cn/
[26]Li, Y. Xie, D. Ma, J. Chen, C. A MAC-Layer Retransmission Algorithm Designed for ZigBee Protocol[J]LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE,2007, NUMB 4864, pages 314-325
[27]Wireless Congress 2007:ZigBee und Wireless Sensor Networks als Highlights[J]ELEKTRONIK-MUNICH-,2007, JAHR 56; HEFT 25, pages 16-17
[28]Labiod, Houda. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and WiMAX/by H. Labiod, H. Afifi, C. De Santis. [M]. Dordrecht:Springer, c2007.
[29]Abbas. Multi-objective plan selection optimization for traffic responsive control[J]. Transportation Engineering.2000,132(5):376-384.
[30]Special Report 209:Highway Capacity Manual. Fourth Edition. Washington, D. C.:TRB, National Research Council,2000.
[31]Hongqiang Li, Dianhai Wang, Zhaowei Qu. Research on the Optimization Method of Cycle Length for Signalized Intersection[C]. Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Application of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.2004.
[32]杨锦冬,杨东援.城市信号控制交叉口信号周期时长优化模型[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(7)：789-794.
[33]马俊来,王炜,李文权.错位交叉口信号相位设计的线性控制法[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2002,19(4)：27-29.
[34]姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2004.
[35]田忠,宋铁成.基于IEEE 802.15.4的无线传感器网络的设计与实现[J].电子工程师,2006,32(7)：25-27.
[36]Institute of Transportation Engineers &US Department of Transportation ITS Joint Program Office. National ITS Architecture [J]-The Concept. ITE Journal,1999 (5):9-12.
[37]邵春福,王颖.日本智能交通系统的现状及其发展战略.[J]交通运输系统工程理论·实践·发展,2000：219-228.
[38]封瑜,葛万成.基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络构建与应用[J].电子工程师,2007(03).
[39]张树京.智能交通系统中的无线通信技术及其应用[J].城市轨道交通研究,2000(03).
[40]鲍晓东,张仙妮.智能交通系统的现状及发展[J].道路交通与安全,2006(08).
[41]李峰.智能交通系统在国外的发展趋势[J].国外公路,1999,19(1)
[42]YE W, HEIDEMANN J, ESTRIN D. An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. Proc of the 21st International Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. New York, NY, USA, 2002
[43]何立民.嵌入式应用中的零功耗系统设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002,1：6-8
[2]沈国江.城市交通智能控制技术研究,浙大博士论文2004
[3]蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用[M],北京邮电大学出版社,2006
[4]凌志浩,周怡顾,郑丽国ZigBee无线通信技术及其应用研究[J].华东理工大学学报,2006,25(7)：801-805
[5]Gharavi H.Kumar S.P. Special issue on sensor networks and applications. Proceedings of the IEEE,2003,91 (8):1151-1153
[6]谭文群.基于ZigBee技术的煤矿井下人员定位考勤系统的设计[J].煤矿安全,2007,9：54-56
[7]王凯,彭瑜,郑丽国等.基于ZigBee无线水表自动抄表系统的研究与设计[J].自动化仪表,2006,22(5)：166-169
[8]杜丽敏,郭文成ZigBee技术在远程抄表系统中的应用[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,25(7)：57-60
[9]周游,方滨,王普.基于ZigBee技术的智能家居无线网络系统[J].电子技术应用,2005,9：45-48
[10]Ed Callaway, Paul Gorday, Lanee Hester et al. Home Networking with IEEE802.15.4:A Developing Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks. IEEE Communiact ions Magzine,2002,40(8):70-76
[11]Ian F. Akyildiz, Weilian Su, Yogesh Sankarasubramaniam et al. A survey on Sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magzine,2002,40(8):102-105
[12]Egan D. The emergence of ZigBee in building automation and industrial control. Computing&Control Engineering Journal,2005,16(2):14-19
[13]S. Tilak, N. B.Abu-Ghazaleh, W.Heinzelman. A Taxonomy of Wireless micro-sensor network models. Mobile Computing and Communications Reiview, 2002,2(6):28-36
[14]耿萌,于宏毅,张效义ZigBee路由协议分析与性能评估[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(26)：116-120
[15]张宏锋.一个基于ZigBee技术的无线网络平台：[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006
[16]杨赓ZigBee无线传感器网络的研究与实现：[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[17]Microchip ZigBee TM. URL:http://www. microchip. com.
[18]J.Hill, R. Szewezk, A.Woo et al.System architecture directions for networked sensors. ASPLOS,2000.
[19]徐金星.无线传感器网络研究与设计：[D].杭州：浙江大学,2005
[20]Carlos Sun. An Investigation in the Use of Inductive Loop Signatures for Vehicle Classification. Research Reports. California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways(PATH). University of California, Berkeley.2004
[21]David Beymerl, Philip McLauchlan, Jitendra Malik. A Real-Time Computer Vision System for Vehicle Tracking and Traffic Surveillance. Dept of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Califomia,94720-1776 http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/-pm/RoadWatch
[22]翟高寿.基于智能工程的城市交通控制系统的研究[D].北京：北方交通大学,2000.
[23]Selvarajah, K. (Kirusnapillai). Smartdust and ZigBee for transport applications[M]. Newcastle upon Tyne:University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing Science, c2007.
[24]Zwahlen. Traffic-signal group relamping model [J]. Transportation Research,2004,1877:17-25
[25]无锡物联网产业研究院http://www.wsn.cn/
[26]Li, Y. Xie, D. Ma, J. Chen, C. A MAC-Layer Retransmission Algorithm Designed for ZigBee Protocol[J]LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE,2007, NUMB 4864, pages 314-325
[27]Wireless Congress 2007:ZigBee und Wireless Sensor Networks als Highlights[J]ELEKTRONIK-MUNICH-,2007, JAHR 56; HEFT 25, pages 16-17
[28]Labiod, Houda. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and WiMAX/by H. Labiod, H. Afifi, C. De Santis. [M]. Dordrecht:Springer, c2007.
[29]Abbas. Multi-objective plan selection optimization for traffic responsive control[J]. Transportation Engineering.2000,132(5):376-384.
[30]Special Report 209:Highway Capacity Manual. Fourth Edition. Washington, D. C.:TRB, National Research Council,2000.
[31]Hongqiang Li, Dianhai Wang, Zhaowei Qu. Research on the Optimization Method of Cycle Length for Signalized Intersection[C]. Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Application of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering.2004.
[32]杨锦冬,杨东援.城市信号控制交叉口信号周期时长优化模型[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(7)：789-794.
[33]马俊来,王炜,李文权.错位交叉口信号相位设计的线性控制法[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2002,19(4)：27-29.
[34]姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2004.
[35]田忠,宋铁成.基于IEEE 802.15.4的无线传感器网络的设计与实现[J].电子工程师,2006,32(7)：25-27.
[36]Institute of Transportation Engineers &US Department of Transportation ITS Joint Program Office. National ITS Architecture [J]-The Concept. ITE Journal,1999 (5):9-12.
[37]邵春福,王颖.日本智能交通系统的现状及其发展战略.[J]交通运输系统工程理论·实践·发展,2000：219-228.
[38]封瑜,葛万成.基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络构建与应用[J].电子工程师,2007(03).
[39]张树京.智能交通系统中的无线通信技术及其应用[J].城市轨道交通研究,2000(03).
[40]鲍晓东,张仙妮.智能交通系统的现状及发展[J].道路交通与安全,2006(08).
[41]李峰.智能交通系统在国外的发展趋势[J].国外公路,1999,19(1)
[42]YE W, HEIDEMANN J, ESTRIN D. An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. Proc of the 21st International Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. New York, NY, USA, 2002
[43]何立民.嵌入式应用中的零功耗系统设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002,1：6-8