台州市农业产业化的实践与思考
摘要
本文结合各地有关研究结果，概述了对农业产业化及其相关问题的一些认识：农业产业化是一种农业产业结构组织形式的创新；实施农业产业化有利于促进农业运行模式的根本转变；农业产业化系统内建立的“风险共担，利益共享”的调节保障制度，是农业产业化经营中最基本的利益机制；农业科技进步是农业产业化的本质动力，农业产业化则是农业科技进步结果的形式体现；农业产业化与农村城镇化是产业内容与空间载体的关系，应该同步实施，共同发展；资本经营作为获取资本效益最大化的有效手段，是农业产业化低成本扩张的重要途径；政府在农业产业化中的作用应随着市场经济的发展而有所调整。
本文结合有关研究结果，提出了农业产业化经营应该遵循的原则：分工协作原则；效益原则；效率原则；生产力合理布局原则；利益平衡原则；农业可持续发展原则。
本文简要介绍、分析了一些学者对农业产业化考核指标体系设置原则的看法。同时，根据农业产业化经营的基本内涵和当自前农业产业化经营组织的主要形式，并考虑到便于调查统计与计算对比，将农业产业化经营评价指标具体设置为农产品原材料生产层次、农产品加工销售层次、综合层次3档、共25个指标。
本文在分析台州农业产业化现状的基础上，认为农业产业化在台州的实践已取得了明显成效，农业主导产业逐步形成，一系列具有区域特色的优势农产品已具规模；农业龙头企业和龙头市场的规模和数量均有增加，辐射带动能力增强；农村专业合作经济组织不断发展；农业优质名牌工程已见成效；而且，各级政府对农业产业化工作高度重视，为农业产业化创造了良好的发展环境。
本文结合台州实际，提出了台州农业产业化经营中，果品类、水产类、畜禽类、花卉类、瓜菜类、茶叶类、粮食类和林产品等八大主导产业的开发建议，并探讨了加速推进农业产业化进程的主要对策：深入研究农业产业化经营的相关理
浙江大学农业推广硕士学位论文
论，充分认识实施农业产业化经营在推进农业、农村现代化建设中的地位和作用;
全面实施龙头带动战略;加快农村专业合作经济组织建设，努力提高农民的组织
化程度;加强农业基础设施建设，加速推进农业综合开发;加快农业科技进步，
建立适应农业产业化要求的农业科技运行机制;加速推进农业信息化:加强农业
标准体系和农产品质量安全检测检验体系建设;加强农业产业化经营的风险管理。
Some considerations about agricultural industrialization and its relevant issues are outlined in this paper, on the basis of reviewing the reports and practices available in Taizhou. It was recognized that agricultural industrialization is an innovation of organized forms in the structure of agricultural industrialization, the extension of agricultural industrialization will stimulate the basic change of operation pattern in agricultural industry, and the adjustment and insurance system, called "the risk being commonly taken and the interest being shared together", set up within the system of agricultural industrialization is a fundamental one in the management of agricultural industry. It is also considered that the progress of agricultural science and technology is the inherent impetus for promotion of agricultural industrialization and the latter is the formal expression of the former. It should be stressed on that agricultural industrialization and town construction is closely related each other, showing the relationship between content in industry and carrier for space, thus both of them should be carried out simultaneously and developed commonly. The capital, acting a key means for making the maximum profit on the market economy, should be used an important approach for enlargement of low-cost agricultural industrialization. Meanwhile, government should do something in adjustment of market economy for further and better development of agricultural industrialization.
The principles, which should be observed in the management of agricultural industrialization was proposed in this paper according to the results obtained in the current research. They include : the principle of work division and collaboration, principle of economy, principle of efficiency, principle of rational distribution of productivity, principle of interest balance, and principle of agricultural sustainable development.
The viewpoints of some scientists on the evaluation system of agricultural industrialization were introduced and analyzed in the paper, and meanwhile the exact parameters for the evaluation were proposed. According to the basic content and present main organization forms of agricultural industrialization, and considering the convenience for data gathering and comparison, we set up the three levels, i.e. raw material production, processing and selling of agricultural products, and integrated management of products, consisting of 25 parameters, for the evaluation of agricultural industrialization.
In the present paper, based on the general analysis of status in agricultural
industrialization in Taizhou, author suggested that the practices of agricultural industrialization locally has been well developed, which may be proved by the following facts: (1) the leading industry of agriculture has been gradually formed and enlarged, and meanwhile the production of dominant products with the remarkable characteristic of the local zone has become into the larger scale; (2) the scale and number of the leading industries and markets for agricultural products are greatly enlarged, with a significantly increased capacity in demonstrating and stimulating others; (3) the organization of the special industry in rural areas is consistently developing and name brand projects of high-quality agricultural products has showed the effective results; and (4) the governments of all-levels pay more attention to the agricultural industrialization, which provides a nice environment for healthful development of agricultural industrialization.
The proposes for promoting 8 major leading industries, including fruits, aquatic products, animals, flowers, melons, tea, food and forestry products are made for development of local agricultural industrialization in the paper, and the main strategies for enhancing agricultural industrialization is also discussed. The author considered the following approaches should be taken: (1) more studies on theory about agricultural industrialization are done to make the better understanding the position and fun
本文结合有关研究结果，提出了农业产业化经营应该遵循的原则：分工协作原则；效益原则；效率原则；生产力合理布局原则；利益平衡原则；农业可持续发展原则。
本文简要介绍、分析了一些学者对农业产业化考核指标体系设置原则的看法。同时，根据农业产业化经营的基本内涵和当自前农业产业化经营组织的主要形式，并考虑到便于调查统计与计算对比，将农业产业化经营评价指标具体设置为农产品原材料生产层次、农产品加工销售层次、综合层次3档、共25个指标。
本文在分析台州农业产业化现状的基础上，认为农业产业化在台州的实践已取得了明显成效，农业主导产业逐步形成，一系列具有区域特色的优势农产品已具规模；农业龙头企业和龙头市场的规模和数量均有增加，辐射带动能力增强；农村专业合作经济组织不断发展；农业优质名牌工程已见成效；而且，各级政府对农业产业化工作高度重视，为农业产业化创造了良好的发展环境。
本文结合台州实际，提出了台州农业产业化经营中，果品类、水产类、畜禽类、花卉类、瓜菜类、茶叶类、粮食类和林产品等八大主导产业的开发建议，并探讨了加速推进农业产业化进程的主要对策：深入研究农业产业化经营的相关理
浙江大学农业推广硕士学位论文
论，充分认识实施农业产业化经营在推进农业、农村现代化建设中的地位和作用;
全面实施龙头带动战略;加快农村专业合作经济组织建设，努力提高农民的组织
化程度;加强农业基础设施建设，加速推进农业综合开发;加快农业科技进步，
建立适应农业产业化要求的农业科技运行机制;加速推进农业信息化:加强农业
标准体系和农产品质量安全检测检验体系建设;加强农业产业化经营的风险管理。
Some considerations about agricultural industrialization and its relevant issues are outlined in this paper, on the basis of reviewing the reports and practices available in Taizhou. It was recognized that agricultural industrialization is an innovation of organized forms in the structure of agricultural industrialization, the extension of agricultural industrialization will stimulate the basic change of operation pattern in agricultural industry, and the adjustment and insurance system, called "the risk being commonly taken and the interest being shared together", set up within the system of agricultural industrialization is a fundamental one in the management of agricultural industry. It is also considered that the progress of agricultural science and technology is the inherent impetus for promotion of agricultural industrialization and the latter is the formal expression of the former. It should be stressed on that agricultural industrialization and town construction is closely related each other, showing the relationship between content in industry and carrier for space, thus both of them should be carried out simultaneously and developed commonly. The capital, acting a key means for making the maximum profit on the market economy, should be used an important approach for enlargement of low-cost agricultural industrialization. Meanwhile, government should do something in adjustment of market economy for further and better development of agricultural industrialization.
The principles, which should be observed in the management of agricultural industrialization was proposed in this paper according to the results obtained in the current research. They include : the principle of work division and collaboration, principle of economy, principle of efficiency, principle of rational distribution of productivity, principle of interest balance, and principle of agricultural sustainable development.
The viewpoints of some scientists on the evaluation system of agricultural industrialization were introduced and analyzed in the paper, and meanwhile the exact parameters for the evaluation were proposed. According to the basic content and present main organization forms of agricultural industrialization, and considering the convenience for data gathering and comparison, we set up the three levels, i.e. raw material production, processing and selling of agricultural products, and integrated management of products, consisting of 25 parameters, for the evaluation of agricultural industrialization.
In the present paper, based on the general analysis of status in agricultural
industrialization in Taizhou, author suggested that the practices of agricultural industrialization locally has been well developed, which may be proved by the following facts: (1) the leading industry of agriculture has been gradually formed and enlarged, and meanwhile the production of dominant products with the remarkable characteristic of the local zone has become into the larger scale; (2) the scale and number of the leading industries and markets for agricultural products are greatly enlarged, with a significantly increased capacity in demonstrating and stimulating others; (3) the organization of the special industry in rural areas is consistently developing and name brand projects of high-quality agricultural products has showed the effective results; and (4) the governments of all-levels pay more attention to the agricultural industrialization, which provides a nice environment for healthful development of agricultural industrialization.
The proposes for promoting 8 major leading industries, including fruits, aquatic products, animals, flowers, melons, tea, food and forestry products are made for development of local agricultural industrialization in the paper, and the main strategies for enhancing agricultural industrialization is also discussed. The author considered the following approaches should be taken: (1) more studies on theory about agricultural industrialization are done to make the better understanding the position and fun
引文
[1] 浙江省人民政府农村工作办公室．浙江省农业产业化发展规划．2000年1月．
[2] 梁毅．大力调整优化农业生产经营结构 全面实施农业产业化战略 努力实现我市农业和农村经济的第二次腾飞．在全市农业产业化工作会议上的讲话．1998年2月．
[3] 台州地区统计局．一九九0年台州地区国民经济统计年鉴．1991年5月．
[4] 台州市统计局．台州市2003年国民经济和社会发展统计公报．台州市二届人大六次会议参阅文件(7)．2004年3月．
[5] 侯宗肇，范佳凤．论农业产业化经营组织形式．五邑大学学报(社会科学版)．2003(3)．
[6] 戴伟利．农业产业化问题观点综述．党政干部学刊．2002(9)．
[7] 郭洪升，郝利民．农业产业化发展与运行机制的建立．北方经贸．2002(6)．
[8] 吴群．论农业产业化利益联接形式与构建利益共同体原则．现代财经．2003(7)．
[9] 孙顺强．论农业产业化经营契约信用风险防范的合同法创新制度．西南农业大学学报(社会科学版)．2003(1)．
[10] 孙良媛．农业产业化的经营风险与风险控制．华南农业大学学报(社会科学版)，2003(2)．
[11] 傅国华．农业产业化与农业科技进步问题研究．琼州大学学报．2003(4)．
[12] 许行贯．农业产业化是实现两个根本转变的必由之路．浙江科学技术出版社．1999年11月．
[13] 徐清照．论农业产业化与农村城镇化的同步推进．东岳论丛．2003(2)．
[14] 汪金敖．论农业产业化资本经营的效应及其途径．湖南社会科学．2003(3)．
[15] 李剑文．论农业产业化经营中地方政府行为的优化．云南社会科学．2003(1)．
[16] 黄兆康．论农业产业化经营的市场导向．哲学视界．2003(1)．
[17] 牛若峰，夏英．农业产业化经营的组织方式和运行机制．北京大学出版社，2000．
[18] 姚今观．贸工农一体化经营——理论与实务．中国物价出版社．1998年．
[19] 陈孟平．农业产业化经营的理论依据及京郊实践特点．北京农业职业学院学报．2003(1)．
[20] 汤玉奇．社会主义的效率原则．社会科学主义．1994(1)．
[21] 古杰一，于文臣．论社会稳定与利益关系．信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学
版)．1995(3)．
[22] 郝磊．试论利益平衡理念与我国公司立法．甘肃政法学院学报，2000(8)．
[23] 李治民．中国农业产业化经营的考核指标体系设想．http://www. gxny. gov. cn/subject/display_info. asp?id=6303
[24] 徐英花．农业产业化经营评价研究．甘肃农业．2003(6)．
[25] 台州市农业局．二00二年台州农业业务年报．2002年2月20日．
[26] 台州市人民政府办公室．台州市农业产业化发展规划．台政办发[1998]73号．1998年7月．
[27] 台州市海洋与渔业局．认清形势 理清思路 努力搭建台州海洋经济接轨上海的新平台．台州市委工作会议交流材料．2003年5月8日．
[28] 台州市人民政府办公室．台州市花卉产业发展纲要．台州政报．2003(4)．
[29] 李茜．农业产业链激励机制．两高一优农业与入世后农业发展论文集．中国农业科学技术出版社．2002年7月．
[30] 韩长赋．解决“三农”问题是全面建设小康社会的重大任务．十六大报告辅导读本．2002年11月．
[2] 梁毅．大力调整优化农业生产经营结构 全面实施农业产业化战略 努力实现我市农业和农村经济的第二次腾飞．在全市农业产业化工作会议上的讲话．1998年2月．
[3] 台州地区统计局．一九九0年台州地区国民经济统计年鉴．1991年5月．
[4] 台州市统计局．台州市2003年国民经济和社会发展统计公报．台州市二届人大六次会议参阅文件(7)．2004年3月．
[5] 侯宗肇，范佳凤．论农业产业化经营组织形式．五邑大学学报(社会科学版)．2003(3)．
[6] 戴伟利．农业产业化问题观点综述．党政干部学刊．2002(9)．
[7] 郭洪升，郝利民．农业产业化发展与运行机制的建立．北方经贸．2002(6)．
[8] 吴群．论农业产业化利益联接形式与构建利益共同体原则．现代财经．2003(7)．
[9] 孙顺强．论农业产业化经营契约信用风险防范的合同法创新制度．西南农业大学学报(社会科学版)．2003(1)．
[10] 孙良媛．农业产业化的经营风险与风险控制．华南农业大学学报(社会科学版)，2003(2)．
[11] 傅国华．农业产业化与农业科技进步问题研究．琼州大学学报．2003(4)．
[12] 许行贯．农业产业化是实现两个根本转变的必由之路．浙江科学技术出版社．1999年11月．
[13] 徐清照．论农业产业化与农村城镇化的同步推进．东岳论丛．2003(2)．
[14] 汪金敖．论农业产业化资本经营的效应及其途径．湖南社会科学．2003(3)．
[15] 李剑文．论农业产业化经营中地方政府行为的优化．云南社会科学．2003(1)．
[16] 黄兆康．论农业产业化经营的市场导向．哲学视界．2003(1)．
[17] 牛若峰，夏英．农业产业化经营的组织方式和运行机制．北京大学出版社，2000．
[18] 姚今观．贸工农一体化经营——理论与实务．中国物价出版社．1998年．
[19] 陈孟平．农业产业化经营的理论依据及京郊实践特点．北京农业职业学院学报．2003(1)．
[20] 汤玉奇．社会主义的效率原则．社会科学主义．1994(1)．
[21] 古杰一，于文臣．论社会稳定与利益关系．信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学
版)．1995(3)．
[22] 郝磊．试论利益平衡理念与我国公司立法．甘肃政法学院学报，2000(8)．
[23] 李治民．中国农业产业化经营的考核指标体系设想．http://www. gxny. gov. cn/subject/display_info. asp?id=6303
[24] 徐英花．农业产业化经营评价研究．甘肃农业．2003(6)．
[25] 台州市农业局．二00二年台州农业业务年报．2002年2月20日．
[26] 台州市人民政府办公室．台州市农业产业化发展规划．台政办发[1998]73号．1998年7月．
[27] 台州市海洋与渔业局．认清形势 理清思路 努力搭建台州海洋经济接轨上海的新平台．台州市委工作会议交流材料．2003年5月8日．
[28] 台州市人民政府办公室．台州市花卉产业发展纲要．台州政报．2003(4)．
[29] 李茜．农业产业链激励机制．两高一优农业与入世后农业发展论文集．中国农业科学技术出版社．2002年7月．
[30] 韩长赋．解决“三农”问题是全面建设小康社会的重大任务．十六大报告辅导读本．2002年11月．