再生粗骨料对混凝土结构耐久性影响机理研究
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摘要
基于可持续发展战略思想和土木工程建设的需要,将再生混凝土这种新型绿色建筑材料应用到土木工程,特别是结构工程中,已是大势所趋。因此,本文从结构耐久性角度出发,对再生混凝土的碳化性能、氯离子渗透性能和钢筋锈蚀性能展开试验研究,并率先建立再生骨料和再生混凝土微观结构模型,探讨再生骨料对再生混凝土结构耐久性影响的机理。
本文首先通过建立再生骨料和再生混凝土微观结构模型,确定影响再生混凝土宏观性能的微观因素即水灰比和再生骨料掺量。然后通过改变水灰比和再生骨料掺量,对再生混凝土碳化性能、渗透性能及钢筋锈蚀性能进行了试验研究,为后续再生混凝土结构耐久性影响机理的研究奠定基础。鉴于目前对再生混凝土碳化性能和钢筋锈蚀研究较少的现状,建立了以再生骨料掺量为主要分段参数的再生混凝土碳化模型和再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀物理模型。基于试验研究成果,逐步创建再生混凝土渗透模型和再生混凝土孔隙裂隙双重逾渗模型,着重围绕再生骨料对再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀的影响机理展开分析。
总结本文主要研究工作和预期成果如下：
在分析和总结现有研究成果的基础上,首创了以“再生骨料效应层”作为再生骨料性能表征的再生骨料微结构模型,并就再生骨料效应层体积分数进行了计算,确定再生骨料吸水率和再生骨料效应层体积之间存在的函数关系：V0=25×(γsWm-1.33),并以此为基础提出了由再生骨料、新界面过渡区和水泥砂浆三相组成的再生混凝土微观结构模型。通过对微观结构和宏观性能相关关系的分析,建立再生混凝土宏观性能和微观结构相关关系：K*=C(W/C,M),以此为理论基础对再生混凝土结构耐久性进行深入研究。
根据本文理论研究基础K*=C(W/C,M),配制了水灰比分别为0.45、0.55、0.65和再生骨料掺量分别为0、30%、50%、70%和100%的15组再生混凝土试件,测定了其28d抗压强度及3d、7d、14d、28d和56d碳化深度,分析了水灰比和再生骨料掺量对再生混凝土的抗压强度和碳化性能的影响规律。试验结果表明水灰比对再生混凝土性能的影响规律与普通混凝土类似,均随着水灰比的增大,28d抗压强度呈下降趋势,碳化深度呈增大趋势。但受再生骨料高吸水性的影响,当水灰比由0.45增大到0.65时,再生混凝土碳化深度的增长速度不如普通混凝土那样显著；再生骨料掺量的变化对再生混凝土28d抗压强度和碳化性能均有明显影响,其影响的程度取决于再生骨料高吸水性引起的有利作用和损伤结构带来的不利作用两方面的对比,与水灰比的大小有一定的关系。在试验分析的基础上,考虑水灰比和再生骨料掺量的交互影响作用,以再生骨料50%掺量为分段点,建立了再生混凝土抗压强度函数关系表达式和碳化深度模型。运用数学统计和误差分析的方法,验证了模型具有较好的吻合度。
为明确再生骨料对混凝土渗透性能的影响,共进行了15组再生混凝土试件的6h电通量测定,并计算了相应对比组的氯离子扩散系数,分析了水灰比和再生骨料掺量对再生混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：在各配合比下,再生混凝土氯离子渗透性为中等水平,并不低于普通混凝土。随着水灰比的增大,再生混凝土6h通电量增加,氯离子扩散系数增大,与普通混凝土具有类似规律；而再生骨料掺量对再生混凝土氯离子渗透性能的作用受水灰比的影响,影响规律并不单调。鉴于此,提出了再生混凝土双相复合渗透模型,当水灰比和再生骨料掺量发生变化时,模型中高低渗透性相随之发生相互转换,同时运用GEM理论对再生骨料渗透系数提出了相应的计算方法。
基于再生混凝土碳化试验和氯离子渗透试验结果,对再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀性能进行进一步试验研究,共测定了15组再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀开始时间和钢筋锈蚀率。试验结果表明：再生混凝土中钢筋锈蚀开始时间受水灰比和再生骨料掺量双因素影响,当再生骨料掺量低于50%时,钢筋锈蚀随水灰比变化的规律和普通混凝土相似,但当再生骨料掺量高于50%时,再生混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的变化规律和普通混凝土截然相反,并且随着再生骨料掺量的增加,再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀开始时间呈推迟趋势；再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀率随水灰比的增大而增大,再生骨料掺量对钢筋锈蚀率的影响与水灰比有关,取决于再生骨料对渗透性影响的两面性。
结合再生混凝土双相复合渗透模型和逾渗理论,本文提出了再生混凝土孔隙裂隙双重逾渗介质模型,并结合逾渗阀值进行计算分析,得出水灰比增大至0.55时,再生混凝土中发生键逾渗现象,再生骨料掺量增大到52.4%时,发生座逾渗现象的重要结论,并结合再生混凝土碳化、氯离子渗透和钢筋锈蚀的试验结果进行对比验证。在此基础上,就水灰比和再生骨料掺量双因素变化时,再生骨料对混凝土钢筋锈蚀影响机理进行阐明,建立了再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀物理模型,并通过拟合分析对再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀经验模型的建立进行分析,为再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀问题的深层次研究奠定理论基础。
For the requirement of the sustainable development and construction of civil engineering, as a green building material, recycled concrete feasible to civil engineering, particularly to structural engineering, becomes an inevitable trend. Therefore, inspected from a durability standpoint, carbonation performance, chloride ion penetration performance and steel bar corrosion performance of recycled concrete are tested in this paper. And the steel corrosion mechanism is studied based on the microstructure of recycled aggregate and recycled concrete.
Firstly, this paper established the microstructure of recycled aggregate and recycled concrete in order to determine the micro factors that influence the macro structure properties,which are water-cement-ratio and recycled aggregate mix proportion. Carbonation performance, chloride ion penetration performance and steel bar corrosion performance of recycled concrete are studied by changing water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content to obtain necessary experimental data for reinforcement corrosion mechanism of recycled concrete. Targeting at the situation of almost not considering recycled aggregate content and few carbonation performance and steel bar corrosion study on recycled concrete, compressive strength and carbonation model of recycled concrete are suggested considering recycled aggregate content as main segment parameter. Based on the former research, this paper emphasizes on the effect factors and mechanism of reinforcement recycled concrete by establishing penetration model and pore-fracture dual-percolation model. The main research contents and achievement are summarized as follows:
Considering a "recycled aggregate effect layer" as recycled aggregate performance characterization, the micro-structure model of recycled aggregate is developed. The layer volume fraction is calculated and analyzed to establish a functional relationship between recycled aggregate water absorption ratio and the effect layer volume fraction. Then, a three-phase micro-structure model of recycled concrete is developed, which suggested that the recycled aggregate, the new interfacial transition zone and cement mortar shoule be considered in the model. Through the micro-structure and macro-performance correlation dependence analysis, the relationship that is K=C (W/C, M) between macro-performance and micro-structure of recycled concrete is established, as a theoretical basis to expand the durability of recycled concrete structures.
According to the theoretical basis of K*=C (W/C, M),15groups of recycled concrete specimens are disposed to test28d compressive strength and3d,7d,14d,28d,56d carbonation depth, which water-cement ratio is0.45,0.55,0.65and recycled aggregate content is0,30%,50%,70%,100%, And the influence of water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content on compressive strength and carbonation performance is discussed. The results show that water-cement ratio has same effect on recycled concrete performance as ordinary concrete, that is compressive strength and carbonation depth increase with the increasement of water-cement ratio. But when water-cement ratio changes from0.45to0.65, the growth rate of recycled concrete carbonation depth is not as significant as normal concrete impacted by its high water absorption. On the other hand, recycled aggregate content has obvious affect on compressive strength and carbonation performance. The degree of influence depends on contrast of two conflicting factors:one is beneficial effect due to high water absorption; another is harmful effect caused by damage structure, which is related to water-cement ratio. Taking into account the interactive effect of water cement ratio and recycled content, compressive strength model and carbonation model are suggested on the condition of50%recycled aggregate content as a staging point. The reference values of the models agree well with the experimental data by error analysis.
Around the reinforcement corrosion mechanism of recycled concrete,6h electric flux of15groups of recycled concrete specimens is tested, and their chloride ion permeability coefficients are calculated. Then the influence of water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content on recycled concrete chloride ion permeability is analyzed. The results indicate that recycled concrete chloride ion permeability is medium in different proportions, which is not poorer than ordinary concrete. With the increase of water-cement ratio,6h electric flux and chloride ion permeability coefficient of recycled concrete increase, which has the same rule with ordinary concrete. And recycled aggregate content has some non-monotonic affect on recycled concrete chloride ion permeability that is related to water-cement ratio. A dual-phase composite of recycled concrete permeability model is proposed based on these. According to the model, high and low permeability phase transforms each other when a change of water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content occurs, and the permeability coefficient of recycled concrete can be calculated by GEM theory.
According to carbonization and chloride ion penetration test results, experiment on properties of recycled concrete reinforcement corrosion is carried on, and rust start time and reinforcing bar corrosion rate of15groups of recycled concrete are measured. It is shown that rust start time is impacted by water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content in recycled concrete. When recycled aggregate content is less than50%, the effect of water-cement ratio in recycled concrete is similar to that of ordinary concrete, but the effect becomes different if recycled aggregate content is higher than50%. Besides these, with the increase of recycled aggregate quantity, reinforcement corrosion start time is postponed. Reinforcement corrosion rate increases with the increase of water-cement ratio, and the influence of recycled aggregate content on steel corrosion rate is related to water-cement ratio, depending on the two conflicting sides of recycled aggregate.
Combined with dual-phase composite of recycled concrete permeability model and percolation theory, this paper presents Pore-fracture dual-percolation model of recycled concrete. Based on it, the important conclusions, that key percolation phenomenon occurs when water-cement ratio increases to0.55, while block percolation phenomenon happens when recycled aggregate content increases to52.4%, is drawn by calculating percolation threshold and verified by former test data. So steel bar corrosion mechanism of recycled concrete is clarified on condition that water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content interactive change. And a physical model of recycled concrete reinforcement corrosion is established. On the other hand, some ideas for experience model of recycled concrete reinforcement corrosion are demonstrated in order to provide theoretical foundation for further recycled concrete steel bar corrosion research.
本文首先通过建立再生骨料和再生混凝土微观结构模型,确定影响再生混凝土宏观性能的微观因素即水灰比和再生骨料掺量。然后通过改变水灰比和再生骨料掺量,对再生混凝土碳化性能、渗透性能及钢筋锈蚀性能进行了试验研究,为后续再生混凝土结构耐久性影响机理的研究奠定基础。鉴于目前对再生混凝土碳化性能和钢筋锈蚀研究较少的现状,建立了以再生骨料掺量为主要分段参数的再生混凝土碳化模型和再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀物理模型。基于试验研究成果,逐步创建再生混凝土渗透模型和再生混凝土孔隙裂隙双重逾渗模型,着重围绕再生骨料对再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀的影响机理展开分析。
总结本文主要研究工作和预期成果如下：
在分析和总结现有研究成果的基础上,首创了以“再生骨料效应层”作为再生骨料性能表征的再生骨料微结构模型,并就再生骨料效应层体积分数进行了计算,确定再生骨料吸水率和再生骨料效应层体积之间存在的函数关系：V0=25×(γsWm-1.33),并以此为基础提出了由再生骨料、新界面过渡区和水泥砂浆三相组成的再生混凝土微观结构模型。通过对微观结构和宏观性能相关关系的分析,建立再生混凝土宏观性能和微观结构相关关系：K*=C(W/C,M),以此为理论基础对再生混凝土结构耐久性进行深入研究。
根据本文理论研究基础K*=C(W/C,M),配制了水灰比分别为0.45、0.55、0.65和再生骨料掺量分别为0、30%、50%、70%和100%的15组再生混凝土试件,测定了其28d抗压强度及3d、7d、14d、28d和56d碳化深度,分析了水灰比和再生骨料掺量对再生混凝土的抗压强度和碳化性能的影响规律。试验结果表明水灰比对再生混凝土性能的影响规律与普通混凝土类似,均随着水灰比的增大,28d抗压强度呈下降趋势,碳化深度呈增大趋势。但受再生骨料高吸水性的影响,当水灰比由0.45增大到0.65时,再生混凝土碳化深度的增长速度不如普通混凝土那样显著；再生骨料掺量的变化对再生混凝土28d抗压强度和碳化性能均有明显影响,其影响的程度取决于再生骨料高吸水性引起的有利作用和损伤结构带来的不利作用两方面的对比,与水灰比的大小有一定的关系。在试验分析的基础上,考虑水灰比和再生骨料掺量的交互影响作用,以再生骨料50%掺量为分段点,建立了再生混凝土抗压强度函数关系表达式和碳化深度模型。运用数学统计和误差分析的方法,验证了模型具有较好的吻合度。
为明确再生骨料对混凝土渗透性能的影响,共进行了15组再生混凝土试件的6h电通量测定,并计算了相应对比组的氯离子扩散系数,分析了水灰比和再生骨料掺量对再生混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：在各配合比下,再生混凝土氯离子渗透性为中等水平,并不低于普通混凝土。随着水灰比的增大,再生混凝土6h通电量增加,氯离子扩散系数增大,与普通混凝土具有类似规律；而再生骨料掺量对再生混凝土氯离子渗透性能的作用受水灰比的影响,影响规律并不单调。鉴于此,提出了再生混凝土双相复合渗透模型,当水灰比和再生骨料掺量发生变化时,模型中高低渗透性相随之发生相互转换,同时运用GEM理论对再生骨料渗透系数提出了相应的计算方法。
基于再生混凝土碳化试验和氯离子渗透试验结果,对再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀性能进行进一步试验研究,共测定了15组再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀开始时间和钢筋锈蚀率。试验结果表明：再生混凝土中钢筋锈蚀开始时间受水灰比和再生骨料掺量双因素影响,当再生骨料掺量低于50%时,钢筋锈蚀随水灰比变化的规律和普通混凝土相似,但当再生骨料掺量高于50%时,再生混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的变化规律和普通混凝土截然相反,并且随着再生骨料掺量的增加,再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀开始时间呈推迟趋势；再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀率随水灰比的增大而增大,再生骨料掺量对钢筋锈蚀率的影响与水灰比有关,取决于再生骨料对渗透性影响的两面性。
结合再生混凝土双相复合渗透模型和逾渗理论,本文提出了再生混凝土孔隙裂隙双重逾渗介质模型,并结合逾渗阀值进行计算分析,得出水灰比增大至0.55时,再生混凝土中发生键逾渗现象,再生骨料掺量增大到52.4%时,发生座逾渗现象的重要结论,并结合再生混凝土碳化、氯离子渗透和钢筋锈蚀的试验结果进行对比验证。在此基础上,就水灰比和再生骨料掺量双因素变化时,再生骨料对混凝土钢筋锈蚀影响机理进行阐明,建立了再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀物理模型,并通过拟合分析对再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀经验模型的建立进行分析,为再生混凝土钢筋锈蚀问题的深层次研究奠定理论基础。
For the requirement of the sustainable development and construction of civil engineering, as a green building material, recycled concrete feasible to civil engineering, particularly to structural engineering, becomes an inevitable trend. Therefore, inspected from a durability standpoint, carbonation performance, chloride ion penetration performance and steel bar corrosion performance of recycled concrete are tested in this paper. And the steel corrosion mechanism is studied based on the microstructure of recycled aggregate and recycled concrete.
Firstly, this paper established the microstructure of recycled aggregate and recycled concrete in order to determine the micro factors that influence the macro structure properties,which are water-cement-ratio and recycled aggregate mix proportion. Carbonation performance, chloride ion penetration performance and steel bar corrosion performance of recycled concrete are studied by changing water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content to obtain necessary experimental data for reinforcement corrosion mechanism of recycled concrete. Targeting at the situation of almost not considering recycled aggregate content and few carbonation performance and steel bar corrosion study on recycled concrete, compressive strength and carbonation model of recycled concrete are suggested considering recycled aggregate content as main segment parameter. Based on the former research, this paper emphasizes on the effect factors and mechanism of reinforcement recycled concrete by establishing penetration model and pore-fracture dual-percolation model. The main research contents and achievement are summarized as follows:
Considering a "recycled aggregate effect layer" as recycled aggregate performance characterization, the micro-structure model of recycled aggregate is developed. The layer volume fraction is calculated and analyzed to establish a functional relationship between recycled aggregate water absorption ratio and the effect layer volume fraction. Then, a three-phase micro-structure model of recycled concrete is developed, which suggested that the recycled aggregate, the new interfacial transition zone and cement mortar shoule be considered in the model. Through the micro-structure and macro-performance correlation dependence analysis, the relationship that is K=C (W/C, M) between macro-performance and micro-structure of recycled concrete is established, as a theoretical basis to expand the durability of recycled concrete structures.
According to the theoretical basis of K*=C (W/C, M),15groups of recycled concrete specimens are disposed to test28d compressive strength and3d,7d,14d,28d,56d carbonation depth, which water-cement ratio is0.45,0.55,0.65and recycled aggregate content is0,30%,50%,70%,100%, And the influence of water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content on compressive strength and carbonation performance is discussed. The results show that water-cement ratio has same effect on recycled concrete performance as ordinary concrete, that is compressive strength and carbonation depth increase with the increasement of water-cement ratio. But when water-cement ratio changes from0.45to0.65, the growth rate of recycled concrete carbonation depth is not as significant as normal concrete impacted by its high water absorption. On the other hand, recycled aggregate content has obvious affect on compressive strength and carbonation performance. The degree of influence depends on contrast of two conflicting factors:one is beneficial effect due to high water absorption; another is harmful effect caused by damage structure, which is related to water-cement ratio. Taking into account the interactive effect of water cement ratio and recycled content, compressive strength model and carbonation model are suggested on the condition of50%recycled aggregate content as a staging point. The reference values of the models agree well with the experimental data by error analysis.
Around the reinforcement corrosion mechanism of recycled concrete,6h electric flux of15groups of recycled concrete specimens is tested, and their chloride ion permeability coefficients are calculated. Then the influence of water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content on recycled concrete chloride ion permeability is analyzed. The results indicate that recycled concrete chloride ion permeability is medium in different proportions, which is not poorer than ordinary concrete. With the increase of water-cement ratio,6h electric flux and chloride ion permeability coefficient of recycled concrete increase, which has the same rule with ordinary concrete. And recycled aggregate content has some non-monotonic affect on recycled concrete chloride ion permeability that is related to water-cement ratio. A dual-phase composite of recycled concrete permeability model is proposed based on these. According to the model, high and low permeability phase transforms each other when a change of water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content occurs, and the permeability coefficient of recycled concrete can be calculated by GEM theory.
According to carbonization and chloride ion penetration test results, experiment on properties of recycled concrete reinforcement corrosion is carried on, and rust start time and reinforcing bar corrosion rate of15groups of recycled concrete are measured. It is shown that rust start time is impacted by water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content in recycled concrete. When recycled aggregate content is less than50%, the effect of water-cement ratio in recycled concrete is similar to that of ordinary concrete, but the effect becomes different if recycled aggregate content is higher than50%. Besides these, with the increase of recycled aggregate quantity, reinforcement corrosion start time is postponed. Reinforcement corrosion rate increases with the increase of water-cement ratio, and the influence of recycled aggregate content on steel corrosion rate is related to water-cement ratio, depending on the two conflicting sides of recycled aggregate.
Combined with dual-phase composite of recycled concrete permeability model and percolation theory, this paper presents Pore-fracture dual-percolation model of recycled concrete. Based on it, the important conclusions, that key percolation phenomenon occurs when water-cement ratio increases to0.55, while block percolation phenomenon happens when recycled aggregate content increases to52.4%, is drawn by calculating percolation threshold and verified by former test data. So steel bar corrosion mechanism of recycled concrete is clarified on condition that water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate content interactive change. And a physical model of recycled concrete reinforcement corrosion is established. On the other hand, some ideas for experience model of recycled concrete reinforcement corrosion are demonstrated in order to provide theoretical foundation for further recycled concrete steel bar corrosion research.
引文
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