干旱胁迫对瓜叶菊（Senecio×hybridus）几个无性系生长及生理反应的影响
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摘要
瓜叶菊(SenecioXhybridus)是世界范围内广泛栽培的观赏盆花之一。花形秀丽典雅,花姿雍容华贵,花期正值少花的冬春,花期长达2-3个月,又逢元旦和新春佳节,是冬春比较理想的温室盆花,有很高的市场占有率和经济效益。但是瓜叶菊抗旱性不强,从而增加日常管理强度,并使其大面积推广应用受到了影响。本试验以综合品质优良,市场表现较好,遗传性状稳定,生长一致的无性苗(其母株编号分别为Z、L、N、S)为材料,从外部形态、叶片结构、生理指标的变化来研究瓜叶菊在干旱胁迫下的生长及生理情况,旨在为瓜叶菊的耐旱鉴定提供简单实用的方法,为瓜叶菊的抗性育种选种打下一定的基础,也为瓜叶菊的进一步推广应用提供更科学的依据。
本试验主要结论如下:
1.对四个供试瓜叶菊材料的外部形态和叶片解剖结构观察表明:材料Z的叶小而厚、气孔密度最大,栅栏组织/海绵组织比值高;材料N的叶片大而薄,栅栏组织不发达。
2.在PEG模拟干旱条件下,不同种质的瓜叶菊的旱害指数存在显著差异,其顺序为:Z 3.在不同的水分胁迫下,各品系的瓜叶菊叶片各项生理指标做出了不同程度的反应。材料N的质膜伤害最重,外渗最多,电导率的增加也最大。材料Z叶组织的脯氨酸明显高于其它三个供试材料,且随着干旱胁迫程度加强,其含量大幅度增加。Z有较高的SOD活性,N的活性最低,并与对照相比,总量有所下降,说明N的清除活性氧的能力较弱。
4.用PEG作为抗旱突变体筛选剂时,15-20%的浓度是比较合适的选择压。另离体培养材料的丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量等可以作为抗旱突变体的筛选指标。
5.利用因子分析法和隶属函数法对供试材料的8个生理指标分析后,得出瓜叶菊抗旱性综合评价值(D值)大小分别为:Z(0.803)、L(0.178)、N(0.061)、S(0.3315),四个供试材料中Z的值最大,抗旱能力最强,N的抗旱能力最差,L和S的抗性居中。
Cineraria (Senecio×hybridus) is among the most popular appreciative flowers in the world. Cineraria is a kind of fairly ideal green house flowers for the blossom season of it lasting over 2 to 3 months during winter and spring, which covers the New Year and the Chinese Rural New Year, as well as the shape of Cineraria is beautiful and elegant. Cineraria, therefore, takes a big share of the market and has a high economic return.
With the aim of providing simple and applied methods for the identification of Cineraria 's drought resistance, and offering scientific basis for the application of cineraria in drought area, using the uniform clonal plantlet (their mother genotype were numbered Z、L、N、S respectively) as materials, and couple of indexes, such as the relations between the drought resistance and external form, leaf anatomic structures, physiological and biochemical changes under PEG-6000 stress were studied. The main results were shown as follows:
1. Tissue parameters of leaves of 4 materials of Cineraria were observed and analyzed to study the relationship between the leaf tissue parameters and drought resistance of Cineraria. The results showed that: It had strong ability of drought resistance in leaves of Z there were high epidermis thickness and stoma density high ratio of stockade tissue thickness sponge tissue thickness;
2. The drought index has significant differences in Cineraria under PEG-6000 stress, the order of: Z 3. In different water stress, the strain of Cineraria leaves to the indicators with varying degrees of reaction. The material N was the largest increase electric conductivity of all materials. The proline content in leaves of Z was significantly higher than others, and its content was substantial increase as under PEG-6000 stress strengthened. Z had high SOD activity, N had minimum and the total decrease compared with the comparison.
4. The 15-20% of PEG is more appropriate choice of pressure in vitro selection of drought-resistant clonal line in cineraria. The MDA, proline content, soluble sugar content of vitro culture can be used as the selection indicators for drought-resistant Variants.
5. Using factor analysis and subordinate function of the test materials for the eight physiological indicators analysis, that the drought resistance of Cineraria comprehensive evaluation value (D value) sizes are as follows: Z (0.803), L (0.178), N ( 0.061), S (0.3315), Z is most drought resistance the worst drought of N, L and S resistance center in four materials.
本试验主要结论如下:
1.对四个供试瓜叶菊材料的外部形态和叶片解剖结构观察表明:材料Z的叶小而厚、气孔密度最大,栅栏组织/海绵组织比值高;材料N的叶片大而薄,栅栏组织不发达。
2.在PEG模拟干旱条件下,不同种质的瓜叶菊的旱害指数存在显著差异,其顺序为:Z
4.用PEG作为抗旱突变体筛选剂时,15-20%的浓度是比较合适的选择压。另离体培养材料的丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量等可以作为抗旱突变体的筛选指标。
5.利用因子分析法和隶属函数法对供试材料的8个生理指标分析后,得出瓜叶菊抗旱性综合评价值(D值)大小分别为:Z(0.803)、L(0.178)、N(0.061)、S(0.3315),四个供试材料中Z的值最大,抗旱能力最强,N的抗旱能力最差,L和S的抗性居中。
Cineraria (Senecio×hybridus) is among the most popular appreciative flowers in the world. Cineraria is a kind of fairly ideal green house flowers for the blossom season of it lasting over 2 to 3 months during winter and spring, which covers the New Year and the Chinese Rural New Year, as well as the shape of Cineraria is beautiful and elegant. Cineraria, therefore, takes a big share of the market and has a high economic return.
With the aim of providing simple and applied methods for the identification of Cineraria 's drought resistance, and offering scientific basis for the application of cineraria in drought area, using the uniform clonal plantlet (their mother genotype were numbered Z、L、N、S respectively) as materials, and couple of indexes, such as the relations between the drought resistance and external form, leaf anatomic structures, physiological and biochemical changes under PEG-6000 stress were studied. The main results were shown as follows:
1. Tissue parameters of leaves of 4 materials of Cineraria were observed and analyzed to study the relationship between the leaf tissue parameters and drought resistance of Cineraria. The results showed that: It had strong ability of drought resistance in leaves of Z there were high epidermis thickness and stoma density high ratio of stockade tissue thickness sponge tissue thickness;
2. The drought index has significant differences in Cineraria under PEG-6000 stress, the order of: Z
4. The 15-20% of PEG is more appropriate choice of pressure in vitro selection of drought-resistant clonal line in cineraria. The MDA, proline content, soluble sugar content of vitro culture can be used as the selection indicators for drought-resistant Variants.
5. Using factor analysis and subordinate function of the test materials for the eight physiological indicators analysis, that the drought resistance of Cineraria comprehensive evaluation value (D value) sizes are as follows: Z (0.803), L (0.178), N ( 0.061), S (0.3315), Z is most drought resistance the worst drought of N, L and S resistance center in four materials.
引文
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