汉钢2~#高炉热风炉提高风温实践研究
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摘要
热风炉是高炉炼铁生产的重要设备之一,热风炉结构不断发展变化,目的是向高炉提供更高温度的热风。理论实践证明,提高风温可以降低焦比,增加喷煤量。我国部分重点企业的热风温度已经达到世界先进水平,但是地方中小企业的热风温度还处在一个较低的水平,风温水平维持在1050℃左右,有的企业甚至更低。我国平均风温与国际先进水平仍有150℃～200℃的差距。
本文研究的汉钢2~#高炉热风炉为外燃式球式热风炉,风温水平较低,年平均风温在960℃左右,成为制约2~#高炉各项技术经济指标提高的主要障碍。在收集汉钢2~#高炉热风炉各项参数的基础上,掌握了致使汉钢风温水平低下种种因素。结合汉钢实际情况,实施了以提高风温为目的的技术改造。技改措施主要有:采用整体式热管换热器单预热助燃空气、改良球床结构、引进新型高效陶瓷燃烧器、改善原料条件确保高炉顺行,改进热风炉操作制度以及对管道和拱顶进行了加固。通过以上措施,提高了热风炉拱顶温度,增大了球床蓄热面积和稳定性,改善了燃烧工况,同时确保了高炉有接受高风温的条件。
通过提高风温的实践研究,汉钢2~#高炉热风炉风温由961.2℃提高到1120.7℃,提高了159.5℃,高炉利用系数平均提高了0.147t/(m~3.d),喷煤比提高20.57kg/t,入炉焦比下降95.77kg/t。实践证明本次以提高风温为目的的实践研究是成功的,极大地改善了汉钢2~#高炉的各项技术指标,为企业带来了巨大的经济效益。热风炉技改后,新型陶瓷燃烧器的使用、新型操作系统、管道绝热保护措施等等,使热风炉的热效率大大提高,节约了高炉煤气,也降低了工人的劳动强度,为国内同类型企业的技术发展积累了实践经验。
The hot-blast stove is one of the most important equipment of blast furnace(BF) iron making.The structure of the hot stove has undergoing a continuous development with the aim of providing ahigher temperature of hot blast than ever before to the BF. Theories and practices have proved that higher hot-blast temperature results in lower coke rate and higher volume of coal injection.Although hot-blast temperature in some key domestic enterprises has achieved the world's advanced level,most of the Local small and medium-sized enterprises in China still have a hot-blast temperature of low level.Hot-blast temperature in those enterprises is maintained at about 1050℃,and in some enterprises even lower.To catch up with the advanced international level,our average hot-blast temperature still has to be increased by 150℃-200℃.
Hansteel's 2~# BF mentioned in this thesis employs the global hot-blast stove of external combustion,of which the hot-blast temperature is in a low level.Its annual average hot-blast temperature is about 960℃,which is not good for the optimization of various technical and economic indexes,and becomes the main block of the development of the BE After collecting all the parameters of hot-blast stove of the Hansteel 2~# BF,the author presents concludes various factors which may result in the low hot-blast temperature.Then the author implements a series of technical transformations to improve the hot-blast temperature in accordance with the actual situation of Hansteel.Major measures include:1) changing the preheating combustion air singly into integral-type heat pipe;2) improving the structure of the pebble-bed;3) introducing the new type of highly effective ceramic burner;4) improving the condition of the raw material to ensure the normal operation environment of the BF;5) promoting the operation system of the hot stove and 6) strengthening the pipes and arch-roof.By adopting these measures,the temperature of the arch-roof is increased,the pebble-bed heating surface and its stability are expanded,and the working condition of combustion is promoted.Meanwhile,these measures ensure the condition for the BF to get a high hot-blast temperature.
After the experiment,the hot-blast temperature of Hansteel's 2~# BF increases by 159.5℃from 961.2℃to 1120.7℃,the utilization coefficient of the BF increased by 0.147t/(m~3.d),injection rate of coal increased by 20.57kg/t,and the coke rate reduced by 95.77kg/t.All these results demonstrate that this technological transformation is successful.It greatly improves the technical indexes of Hansteel's 2# BF and brings tremendous economic benefits for the related enterprise In addition,after the technological transformation,including the use of new ceramic burner,the employment of the automatic operating system and the adoption of the piping heat-insulation protection measures etc.,the thermal efficiency of hot-blast stove is greatly improved, the BF gas is saved and the workers' labor intensity is also reduced,which provide reference and experience to the technological development of the domestic enterprises of the same type.
本文研究的汉钢2~#高炉热风炉为外燃式球式热风炉,风温水平较低,年平均风温在960℃左右,成为制约2~#高炉各项技术经济指标提高的主要障碍。在收集汉钢2~#高炉热风炉各项参数的基础上,掌握了致使汉钢风温水平低下种种因素。结合汉钢实际情况,实施了以提高风温为目的的技术改造。技改措施主要有:采用整体式热管换热器单预热助燃空气、改良球床结构、引进新型高效陶瓷燃烧器、改善原料条件确保高炉顺行,改进热风炉操作制度以及对管道和拱顶进行了加固。通过以上措施,提高了热风炉拱顶温度,增大了球床蓄热面积和稳定性,改善了燃烧工况,同时确保了高炉有接受高风温的条件。
通过提高风温的实践研究,汉钢2~#高炉热风炉风温由961.2℃提高到1120.7℃,提高了159.5℃,高炉利用系数平均提高了0.147t/(m~3.d),喷煤比提高20.57kg/t,入炉焦比下降95.77kg/t。实践证明本次以提高风温为目的的实践研究是成功的,极大地改善了汉钢2~#高炉的各项技术指标,为企业带来了巨大的经济效益。热风炉技改后,新型陶瓷燃烧器的使用、新型操作系统、管道绝热保护措施等等,使热风炉的热效率大大提高,节约了高炉煤气,也降低了工人的劳动强度,为国内同类型企业的技术发展积累了实践经验。
The hot-blast stove is one of the most important equipment of blast furnace(BF) iron making.The structure of the hot stove has undergoing a continuous development with the aim of providing ahigher temperature of hot blast than ever before to the BF. Theories and practices have proved that higher hot-blast temperature results in lower coke rate and higher volume of coal injection.Although hot-blast temperature in some key domestic enterprises has achieved the world's advanced level,most of the Local small and medium-sized enterprises in China still have a hot-blast temperature of low level.Hot-blast temperature in those enterprises is maintained at about 1050℃,and in some enterprises even lower.To catch up with the advanced international level,our average hot-blast temperature still has to be increased by 150℃-200℃.
Hansteel's 2~# BF mentioned in this thesis employs the global hot-blast stove of external combustion,of which the hot-blast temperature is in a low level.Its annual average hot-blast temperature is about 960℃,which is not good for the optimization of various technical and economic indexes,and becomes the main block of the development of the BE After collecting all the parameters of hot-blast stove of the Hansteel 2~# BF,the author presents concludes various factors which may result in the low hot-blast temperature.Then the author implements a series of technical transformations to improve the hot-blast temperature in accordance with the actual situation of Hansteel.Major measures include:1) changing the preheating combustion air singly into integral-type heat pipe;2) improving the structure of the pebble-bed;3) introducing the new type of highly effective ceramic burner;4) improving the condition of the raw material to ensure the normal operation environment of the BF;5) promoting the operation system of the hot stove and 6) strengthening the pipes and arch-roof.By adopting these measures,the temperature of the arch-roof is increased,the pebble-bed heating surface and its stability are expanded,and the working condition of combustion is promoted.Meanwhile,these measures ensure the condition for the BF to get a high hot-blast temperature.
After the experiment,the hot-blast temperature of Hansteel's 2~# BF increases by 159.5℃from 961.2℃to 1120.7℃,the utilization coefficient of the BF increased by 0.147t/(m~3.d),injection rate of coal increased by 20.57kg/t,and the coke rate reduced by 95.77kg/t.All these results demonstrate that this technological transformation is successful.It greatly improves the technical indexes of Hansteel's 2# BF and brings tremendous economic benefits for the related enterprise In addition,after the technological transformation,including the use of new ceramic burner,the employment of the automatic operating system and the adoption of the piping heat-insulation protection measures etc.,the thermal efficiency of hot-blast stove is greatly improved, the BF gas is saved and the workers' labor intensity is also reduced,which provide reference and experience to the technological development of the domestic enterprises of the same type.
引文
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