信息化制造中刀具管理系统的研究
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摘要
刀具管理是信息化制造中所要研究的重要内容之一，特别是对于机械类生产车间，刀具管理的合理性、科学性，在很大程度上决定了制造系统的可靠性与生产效率的高低。而且刀具管理系统的建立，给信息化制造系统中上层管理系统和CAD／CAM／CAPP等系统提供了刀具信息，使得整个制造系统信息畅通。
本文对刀具管理进行了全面分析研究，并重点对刀具的管理及调度技术、刀具监控技术、数据库结构等几个关键技术进行了深入的研究，主要完成了以下内容：
通过分析刀具管理系统的典型配置，对系统各部分组成以及所实现的功能进行了全面的研究，重点分析了刀具管理系统的运作过程以及系统各部分的主要职能。
首次将智能体运用于刀具调度研究中，通过分析刀具调度特点，构造多智能体刀具调度模型。分析刀具调度策略，建立智能体调度知识库，其中包括刀具争用策略和刀具资源分配策略。多智能体刀具调度系统具有动态调度、协作求解、分布处理的特点，能够高效的完成制造系统刀具调度任务。
研究了基于BP神经网络的刀具状态监控。根据当前刀具监控在国内外的研究水平和应用状况，分析了刀具监控在软件、硬件及理论方面的发展趋势。建立了刀具状态监控的系统，重点分析刀具切削状态监控系统原理和构造。刀具切削状态识别采用振动信号和AE信号，经过信号处理后送入BP神经网络进行刀具状态识别，根据刀具状态来实现对刀具、机床的控制。
建立了刀具信息数据库，详细介绍了服务器部分刀具数据库的设计过程：对刀具信息需求分析、建立刀具信息模型、然后数据库概念设计、逻辑结构设计，最后使用Access建立刀具数据库。
完成了刀具管理系统部分软件编程，该系统是基于网络数据库，采用C／S结构，VB编程实现。经过调试运行能够实现数据库与程序之间通讯，满足刀具管理系统需求，实现了刀具系统控制。本系统具有人机化图形界面，功能完善的在线帮助功能，符合人工管理的计算机管理方式，具有良好的维护性和可扩充性。
最后对全文的研究工作和取得的成果进行了总结，并提出了进一步研究的建议和设想。
Tool management is one of the most important parts in information manufacture, especially to mechanical manufacture workshop. The rationality and scientificity of tool management are crucial to the dependability of the manufacture system and the efficiency of the production. Furthermore, the constitution of the tool management system give the tool information to the topper management system and CAD/CAM/CAPP system of information manufacture system, and make the information streaming effectively of the whole manufacture system.
In this article the tool management system was throughout studied, especially for several key technologies, which are tool dispatching technique, tool monitor technique, tool database structure and so on. The following are the main achievements in this article:
Through the introduction of the representative configuration of tool management system, the component of system and the function of each part were throughout studied. In this part we put an emphasis on analysis the move and operate process and the major function realization of each part in tool management system
It is first time to use the agent in tool dispatching problem. In this paper Multi-agent tool dispatching model was constructed through analyzing the specialties of tool dispatching, and agent dispatching repository was made up through analyzing strategies of tool dispatching, which include tools contest strategy and tools distribute strategy. Multi-agent tools dispatching system, which has the such aspects as dynamic dispatching, cooperate solution and distribute dispose, can complete the tool dispatching tasks in manufacture system successfully.
Tool monitor based on Back Propagation neural network are researched. Through analyses of tool monitor development tendency on software, hardware and theories, based on the tool monitor study level and application in the world, tool monitor system was constructed. The tool monitor theory and construction of tool monitor system was mainly analyzed. To identify tool cutting state by using vibration signal and AE signal. The disposed signals are sent to BP neural network, so the tool cutting state can be recognized. Based on the tool cutting state can realize the control of tool and machine tool.
Tool information database was constructed. It was introduced the design progress of tool database in server part. First, analyze tool information needs, construct tool information model, then design database concept structure and logic structure, at last constitute tool database by Access.
Tool management system software, which was based on the network database, and has Client/Server structure, was programmed by Visual Basic, and was debugged and run very well. It can communicate successfully with tool database, can satisfy the need of tool management
system, and can realize tools control. This program has Ergonomics graphical interfaces and perfect online help, accord with human being management style, also has good maintenance and extension.
At last summarized the study work and achievements of this article, and made suggestions and tentative plan about the next steps of this study.
本文对刀具管理进行了全面分析研究，并重点对刀具的管理及调度技术、刀具监控技术、数据库结构等几个关键技术进行了深入的研究，主要完成了以下内容：
通过分析刀具管理系统的典型配置，对系统各部分组成以及所实现的功能进行了全面的研究，重点分析了刀具管理系统的运作过程以及系统各部分的主要职能。
首次将智能体运用于刀具调度研究中，通过分析刀具调度特点，构造多智能体刀具调度模型。分析刀具调度策略，建立智能体调度知识库，其中包括刀具争用策略和刀具资源分配策略。多智能体刀具调度系统具有动态调度、协作求解、分布处理的特点，能够高效的完成制造系统刀具调度任务。
研究了基于BP神经网络的刀具状态监控。根据当前刀具监控在国内外的研究水平和应用状况，分析了刀具监控在软件、硬件及理论方面的发展趋势。建立了刀具状态监控的系统，重点分析刀具切削状态监控系统原理和构造。刀具切削状态识别采用振动信号和AE信号，经过信号处理后送入BP神经网络进行刀具状态识别，根据刀具状态来实现对刀具、机床的控制。
建立了刀具信息数据库，详细介绍了服务器部分刀具数据库的设计过程：对刀具信息需求分析、建立刀具信息模型、然后数据库概念设计、逻辑结构设计，最后使用Access建立刀具数据库。
完成了刀具管理系统部分软件编程，该系统是基于网络数据库，采用C／S结构，VB编程实现。经过调试运行能够实现数据库与程序之间通讯，满足刀具管理系统需求，实现了刀具系统控制。本系统具有人机化图形界面，功能完善的在线帮助功能，符合人工管理的计算机管理方式，具有良好的维护性和可扩充性。
最后对全文的研究工作和取得的成果进行了总结，并提出了进一步研究的建议和设想。
Tool management is one of the most important parts in information manufacture, especially to mechanical manufacture workshop. The rationality and scientificity of tool management are crucial to the dependability of the manufacture system and the efficiency of the production. Furthermore, the constitution of the tool management system give the tool information to the topper management system and CAD/CAM/CAPP system of information manufacture system, and make the information streaming effectively of the whole manufacture system.
In this article the tool management system was throughout studied, especially for several key technologies, which are tool dispatching technique, tool monitor technique, tool database structure and so on. The following are the main achievements in this article:
Through the introduction of the representative configuration of tool management system, the component of system and the function of each part were throughout studied. In this part we put an emphasis on analysis the move and operate process and the major function realization of each part in tool management system
It is first time to use the agent in tool dispatching problem. In this paper Multi-agent tool dispatching model was constructed through analyzing the specialties of tool dispatching, and agent dispatching repository was made up through analyzing strategies of tool dispatching, which include tools contest strategy and tools distribute strategy. Multi-agent tools dispatching system, which has the such aspects as dynamic dispatching, cooperate solution and distribute dispose, can complete the tool dispatching tasks in manufacture system successfully.
Tool monitor based on Back Propagation neural network are researched. Through analyses of tool monitor development tendency on software, hardware and theories, based on the tool monitor study level and application in the world, tool monitor system was constructed. The tool monitor theory and construction of tool monitor system was mainly analyzed. To identify tool cutting state by using vibration signal and AE signal. The disposed signals are sent to BP neural network, so the tool cutting state can be recognized. Based on the tool cutting state can realize the control of tool and machine tool.
Tool information database was constructed. It was introduced the design progress of tool database in server part. First, analyze tool information needs, construct tool information model, then design database concept structure and logic structure, at last constitute tool database by Access.
Tool management system software, which was based on the network database, and has Client/Server structure, was programmed by Visual Basic, and was debugged and run very well. It can communicate successfully with tool database, can satisfy the need of tool management
system, and can realize tools control. This program has Ergonomics graphical interfaces and perfect online help, accord with human being management style, also has good maintenance and extension.
At last summarized the study work and achievements of this article, and made suggestions and tentative plan about the next steps of this study.
引文
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24. T J Greene, A Mixed Integer Program for Loading and Scheduling Multiple FMC, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 1986, 24(2)
25．徐杜等．柔性制造系统原理与实践．机械工业出版社，2001
26. Min-hong Han, Yoon K. Na. Real-time Contrlo and Job Dispaching in Flexible Manufacturing System. Int. J. Prod. Ress. 1989(8): 1257～1267
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28．谭益智，王偌鹏．柔性制造系统．北京：兵器工业出版社，1995
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32．Nils J Nilsson．人工智能[M]．机械工业出版社，2000．8．
33. G R. Bitran, Multi-production Queuing Networks With Deterministic Routing: Decomposition Approach and the Notion of Interference, Management Science, 1988, 34(1)
34. V N Rajah, A Game-theoretic Approach for Co-operation Control in Multi-machine Workstation, Int. J. of CIM, 1990 3(1)
35. Eijm. W H M, Kals H J J.The integrated of process planning and shop floor scheduling in small botch part manufacturing. Annals of the CIRP 1995 44(1): 429～432
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37．欧阳普仁，王拴虎等．FMS刀具分配与调度策略研究．组合机床与自动化加工技术，1998(7)：24～27
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2．罗振璧．现代制造系统．机械工业出版社 2000-9
3．鲁君尚．关于“制造业信息化”的几个问题．2002．10-30
4. Wiens GJ .An overview of virtual manufacturing .in: Vitual Manufacturing-Proceeding of 2nd Agile Manufacturing conferenee(AMC'95)Albuquertlue, New Mexico, USA:ERIPress: 1995, 233～243
5．张根保，王时龙，徐宗俊．先进制造技术．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1996
6. Chen-hua Chang. Planning Tool Requirements for Flexible Manufacturing System. J. of Manufacturing System. 1991, (6)
7. S. Majagopalan. Formulation and Heuristic Solutions for Parts Grouping and Tool Loading in Flexible Manufacturing Systems Proceedings of 2nd ORSA/TIMS Conference on FMS, 1986
8．徐杜，蒋永平，张宪民．柔性制造系统原理与实践．机械工业出版社 2001-9
9. Little D, Kehoe D F, Maliki I A I. Tool management: The key issue for integrated manufacture, Proc 7th International Conference on Flexible Manufacture System, Oxford(U K), IFS Puclications, Cotawold Press L. td. 1988. 53～68
10．编委会编著．柔性制造系统．兵器工业出版社 3～4
11. Kokko T. Total tooling management system (TMS). Proc. 7th International Conference on Flexible Manufacture System, Oxford(U K), IFS Puclications, Cotawold Press L. td, 1988. 69～77
12. Abraham Ber, Tool management for FMS. Annals of the CIRP, 1985, 34(1): 387～390
13．蒋庆全．柔性制造系统的现状及发展趋势．机械制造，1998，(4)：7～9
14．李指俊．柔性制造技术及其发展趋势．机电一体化，1996，(1)：15～18
15．陈英莫．当前机械制造业的发展趋势．机械制造，1996，(9)：4～5
16. HENRY C CO, JEANETTE S. BIERMANN, A methodical approach to flexible manufacturing system batching, loading and tool configuration problems, INT. J. PROD. RES. 1990, Vol. 28, No12.
17．刘建家．FS500-2柔性制造系统的刀具管理和监控．组合机床与自动化加工技术．1990(2)
18．杨岳，梁锡昌，张秉铝．FMS的刀具管理系统．工具技术，1992：26(1)：6-7
19．李兴福．大批量生产中的柔性制造技术．组合机床与自动化加工技术，1998(8)：17～21
20. S C SARIN, The machine loading and tool allocation problem in a flexible manufacturing system, INT. J. PROD. RES. 1987, Vol. 25, No7.
21．王勇领．系统分析与设计．清华大学出版社，1991
22．张培忠．柔性制造系统．机械工业出版社 2
23. Hoda A EIMaraghy, Tool Management in Flexible Manufacturing journal of Manufacturing System. 4(1)
24. T J Greene, A Mixed Integer Program for Loading and Scheduling Multiple FMC, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 1986, 24(2)
25．徐杜等．柔性制造系统原理与实践．机械工业出版社，2001
26. Min-hong Han, Yoon K. Na. Real-time Contrlo and Job Dispaching in Flexible Manufacturing System. Int. J. Prod. Ress. 1989(8): 1257～1267
27．张新龙．FMS刀具管理方法探讨．中国第二届FMS学术会议，1990
28．谭益智，王偌鹏．柔性制造系统．北京：兵器工业出版社，1995
29. C Carlieretal. An algorithm for Solvingthe Job-Shop Problem, Management Science, 1989, 35(2)
30．张浙亮．刀具调度与管理系统的研究和开发．西北工业大学硕士论文，1994．3
31．陈继刚．基于微机CIMS环境的刀具调度系统研究．西北工业大学硕士论文，1996
32．Nils J Nilsson．人工智能[M]．机械工业出版社，2000．8．
33. G R. Bitran, Multi-production Queuing Networks With Deterministic Routing: Decomposition Approach and the Notion of Interference, Management Science, 1988, 34(1)
34. V N Rajah, A Game-theoretic Approach for Co-operation Control in Multi-machine Workstation, Int. J. of CIM, 1990 3(1)
35. Eijm. W H M, Kals H J J.The integrated of process planning and shop floor scheduling in small botch part manufacturing. Annals of the CIRP 1995 44(1): 429～432
36．赵龙文，侯义，文斌．智能软件：由面向对象到面向Agent[J]．计算机工程与应用，2001(8)：41-42．
37．欧阳普仁，王拴虎等．FMS刀具分配与调度策略研究．组合机床与自动化加工技术，1998(7)：24～27
38．程毅．软件Agent是一个计算实体[J]．计算机工程与设计，2001(1)：41-43
39．黄小兵，唐文胜．基于Agent系统的概念．方法和应用[J]．计算机与现代化，2000(4)：6-11．
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