杭州湾滨海盐碱地绿化植物筛选
摘要
盐胁迫是自然界中最严重的非生物胁迫因子之一,盐胁迫对植物的外部形态、脯氨酸、光合作用、内源激素等生理生化因子都具有重要的影响。不同植物对盐胁迫的响应方式不一,同一植物在不同生育期对盐分的敏感性也不同。本研究通过野外调查研究,结合室内生理生化因子测定和田间试验,结果如下:
从形态上来看,厚叶石斑木等6种植物随着盐胁迫浓度的增加根系生长良好,属耐高盐植物。而全缘冬青等4种植物属耐0.3%以下低盐植物。其它如滨柃等7种植物为耐0.6%植物;常绿白蜡等10种植物为耐0.3%植物;从生理生化角度来看,可以筛选出耐盐程度不同的植物。厚叶石斑木、滨柃和芙蓉菊在0.6%-0.9%高盐胁迫条件下表现出较强的耐高盐特性。罗汉松和果桑具有耐0.6%盐胁迫特性。月季仅耐0.3%低盐特性;通过田间试验分析,表明筛选出的耐盐胁迫植物在试验区栽植生长良好,乔灌木绿化保存率达94.8%,地被覆盖率达56.4%。
Salt stress is one of the most serious non-biostress factors in the nature. Salt stress has significantly effect on physiological and biochemical factors, such as phenotype, proline, photosynthetic rate, phytohormone and so on. There are different effects of salt stress on different species and also there are different sensitivities of salt on different development stages of the same species. To investigate and select the species which are planted in littoral salina of Hangzhou gulf, we combine field investigation with field test and lab physiological experiments. The results are summarized as follows:
1. 6 species including Raphiolepis umbellata belong to high saline tolerant plants, 4 species including Ilex integra belong to low (<0.3%)saline tolerant palnts and 7 species including Eurya emarginata belong to medium (0.6%) saline tolerant palnts according to the phenotypes. In addition, 10 species including Fraxinus griffithii can tolerate 0.3%NaCl. 2. Different saline tolerant species also can be selected according to the physiological and biochemical traits. Raphiolepis umbellate、Eurya emarginata and Crossostephium chinense possess high saline tolerant characteristics under 0.6%-0.9% salt concentrations. Podocarpus macrophyllus and Morus alba can resist 0.6% salt concentration. However, Rosa chinensis can just resist 0.3% salt concentration. 3. Saline tolerant species selected according to the investigation and lab experiment results growth well in the field test.The conservation rate of arbor and shrub reached 94.8% and covering rate reached 56.4%.
从形态上来看,厚叶石斑木等6种植物随着盐胁迫浓度的增加根系生长良好,属耐高盐植物。而全缘冬青等4种植物属耐0.3%以下低盐植物。其它如滨柃等7种植物为耐0.6%植物;常绿白蜡等10种植物为耐0.3%植物;从生理生化角度来看,可以筛选出耐盐程度不同的植物。厚叶石斑木、滨柃和芙蓉菊在0.6%-0.9%高盐胁迫条件下表现出较强的耐高盐特性。罗汉松和果桑具有耐0.6%盐胁迫特性。月季仅耐0.3%低盐特性;通过田间试验分析,表明筛选出的耐盐胁迫植物在试验区栽植生长良好,乔灌木绿化保存率达94.8%,地被覆盖率达56.4%。
Salt stress is one of the most serious non-biostress factors in the nature. Salt stress has significantly effect on physiological and biochemical factors, such as phenotype, proline, photosynthetic rate, phytohormone and so on. There are different effects of salt stress on different species and also there are different sensitivities of salt on different development stages of the same species. To investigate and select the species which are planted in littoral salina of Hangzhou gulf, we combine field investigation with field test and lab physiological experiments. The results are summarized as follows:
1. 6 species including Raphiolepis umbellata belong to high saline tolerant plants, 4 species including Ilex integra belong to low (<0.3%)saline tolerant palnts and 7 species including Eurya emarginata belong to medium (0.6%) saline tolerant palnts according to the phenotypes. In addition, 10 species including Fraxinus griffithii can tolerate 0.3%NaCl. 2. Different saline tolerant species also can be selected according to the physiological and biochemical traits. Raphiolepis umbellate、Eurya emarginata and Crossostephium chinense possess high saline tolerant characteristics under 0.6%-0.9% salt concentrations. Podocarpus macrophyllus and Morus alba can resist 0.6% salt concentration. However, Rosa chinensis can just resist 0.3% salt concentration. 3. Saline tolerant species selected according to the investigation and lab experiment results growth well in the field test.The conservation rate of arbor and shrub reached 94.8% and covering rate reached 56.4%.
引文
1.毛桂莲,许兴,徐兆桢.植物耐盐生理生化研究进展.中国生态农业学报, 2004,12(1):43-46
2.王遵亲,中国盐渍土北京:科学出版社,1993:325-344
3.韦朝领,袁家明.植物抗逆境的分子生物学研究进展.安徽农业大学学报,2000,27( 2) :204-208.
4.宁顺斌,宋运淳,王玲,等.胁迫诱导的植物细胞凋亡-植物抗盐的可能生理机制.实验生物学报, 2000, 33(3) :245-251.
5.刘凤华,郭岩,谷冬梅,肖岗,陈正华,陈受宜.转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因植物的耐盐性研究.遗传学报,1997,24(1):54-58.
6.刘昉勋等.江苏海岸带植被的特征、分布及利用.植物生态学与地植物学丛刊, 1983, 7(2): 100~112.
7.刘俊君,彭学贤等.大肠杆菌mtlD基因和gutD基因的克隆全序列测定和高效表达.生物工程学报, 1995, (2):157～161
8.刘爱华等.八里庄杨苗木耐盐水培试验.山东林业科技, 1990(3):14~16,21
9.杨育林等,怎样提高盐碱土的绿化效果,(摘自《盐碱土造林绿化与综合开发文集》),中国环境科学出版社1992:97-100
10.许祥明,叶和春,李国风.植物抗盐机理的研究进展.应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(4):379～387.
11.张其德.盐胁迫对植物及其光合作用的影响(上).植物杂志, 1999(6):32-33.
12.李根有,陈征海,刘安兴,孙孟.浙江省湿地植被分类系统及主要植被类型与分布特.浙江林学院学报, 2002, 19(4): 356~362.
13.杜群,陈征海,孙孟军,诸葛刚,应宝根.浙江省红树林资源调查及其发展规划.林业调查规划, 2004, Sep. 29(3):9~12.
14.杨国会,马尧,李如升,田永清. NaCl对甘草叶片脯氨酸含量以及质膜相对透性的影响. 2000,20(5): 43～45.
15.申友武等,滨海盐碱滩涂绿地简介,(摘自《盐碱土造林绿化与综合开发文集》),中国环境科学出版社1992:39-42,
16.李合生,植物生理生化实验原理和技术,高等教育出版社,2001
17.杨斌生等.上海植物资源的开发利用和自然保护区的建设.上海师范大学学报, 1989, 13(1): 50~55.
18.陆静梅,朱俊义,李建东,等.松嫩平原4种盐生植物根的结构研究.生态学报, 1998, 18(3) :335-337.
19.陈兴龙,安树青,李国旗,程晓莉.中国海岸带耐盐经济植物资源.南京林业大学学院, 1997, 23(4): 81-84.
20.陈征海,唐正良.浙江海岛砂生植被研究(Ⅰ)植被的基本特征.浙江林学院学报, 1995, 12(4):388~398.
21.陈征海等.浙江海岛盐生植被研究(II)-天然植被类型及开发利用.生态学杂志, 1996, 15(5): 6~11.
22.陈洁、林栖凤.植物耐盐生理及耐盐机理研究进展.海南大学学报自然科学版,2003,21(2):177-182
23.林文棣、胡海波,江苏沿海平原盐渍土区造林绿化树种和草种的选择,(摘自《盐碱土造林绿化与综合开发文集》),中国环境科学出版社,1992.:132-135
24.林栖凤,李冠一.植物耐盐性研究进展[ J ].生物工程进展,2000,20( 2) :20-25.
25.林栖凤.耐盐植物研究.北京:科学出版社, 2004.
26.段景泰等.滨海重盐碱地区园林绿化研究,(摘自《盐碱土造林绿化与综合开发文集》),中国环境科学出版社,1992.:8-12
27.赵可夫,李军.盐浓度对3种单子叶盐生植物渗透调节及其在渗透调节中的影响.植物学报, 1999, 41 (12): 1287～1292.
28.赵可夫,李法曾.中国盐生植物.北京:科学出版社, 1999.
29.赵可夫,王韶唐.作物抗性生理.北京:中国农业出版社,1990.304
30.赵可夫,卢元芳,张宝泽等. Ca对小麦幼苗降低盐害效应的研究.植物学报,1993,35(1):51～56.
31.赵自国,陆静梅.植物耐盐性研究及进展.长春师范学院学报,2002,21(1):51～53.
32.唐正良,陈征海,胡明辉,等.浙江海岛野生观赏植物资源.浙江林业科技, 1996, 16(4): 59~66.
33.徐得成等.山东海岸带植物资源开发利用研究.国土与自然资源研究, 1993, (2):69~72.
34.郭岩,张莉,肖岗,曹守云,谷冬梅,田文忠,陈受宜.甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因在水稻中的表达及转基因植株的耐盐性研究.中国科学(c辑),1997,27(2):151-155.
35.梁慧敏,夏阳,杜峰,等.盐胁迫对两种草坪草抗性生理生化指标影响的研究.中国草地, 2001,23(5):27-30.
36.蒋志刚,马克平,韩兴国,保护生物学,浙江科学出版社,1997
37.戴高兴,彭克勤,皮灿辉.钙对植物耐盐的影响.中国农业通报. 2003, 19(3):97～101.
38.魏臻武,王得贤,刘瑞俊,等.两种早熟禾超氧物歧化酶活性测定的适宜条件.草原与草坪, 2000, (3):15-18.
39. Gramer G R. Displacement of Ca2+ and Na+ form the plasmalemma of rottlells. Plant Physiol, 1985, 79:207～211.
40. Greenway, H.and M.Runa. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Plant Physiol. 1980.
41. Hwang YH, Chen SC. Salt tolerance in seedlings of the mangrove Kandelia cnadel. Druce, Rhizophoraceae. Bot Bull Acad Sin,1995 (36): 25~31.
42. HARO R , BANEULOSMA , QUINTERO FJ , et al . Genetic basis of sodium exclusion and sodium tolerance in yeast. A model for plants[J ] . Physiol Plant , 1993 ,89 :868 - 874.
43. Levitt J.Responses of plants to environmental stresses. Academic Press,1980:375～393.
44. Liu J.P. Zhu J.K. Proline accumulation and salt-stress-induced gene expression in salt-hypersensitive mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol, 1997, 114: 591～596
45. Loustau, Crepeau, Guye-Mg, et al . Growth and water relations of three geograPhically separate origins of maritime pine under saline conditions. Tree Physiology, 1995, 15(9):569~576.
46. Morabito-d, Jolivet-Y, Prat-D, et al . Differences in the physiological responses of two clones of Eucalyptus Microtheca selected for their salt torlerance. Plant Science, 1996, 114(2):129~139.
47. Muller M, Santarius KA. Changes in chloroplast membrane lipids during adaptation of barley to extre mesalinity. Plant phyiol. 1978 62:326~333.
48. Munns R, Gardner A, Tonnet ML,et al. Growth and development in NaCl-treated plants.Ⅱ. Do Na+ or Cl- concentrations in dividing or expanding tissues determine growth in barley. Aust. J Plant Physiol.,1988,15:529 -540.
49. PETRUSA L M, WINICOL L. Proline status in salt tolerant and salt sensitive alfalfa cell lines and plants in response to NaCl [J ] . Plant Physiol Biochem , 1997 , 35 :303 - 310.
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51. SANADA Y, VEDA H , KURIBAYASHI K, et al . Novel light2dark change of proline levels in halophyte( Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. ) and glycophytes ( Hordeum vulgareL. and Triticum aestivumL. ) leaves androots under salt stress[J ] . Plant Cell Physiol , 1995 , 36 (6) : 965 - 970.
52. Werner A, stezer R. Physiological response of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle growth in the absence and presence of NaCl. Plant Cell and Environ, 1990(13): 243~255.
53. Yadava-RB, Om-Prokash, Prakash-O . Effect of soil salinity and sodicity on growth and mineral nutrition of some poplar clones. Indian Forester, 1995, 121(4):283~288.
2.王遵亲,中国盐渍土北京:科学出版社,1993:325-344
3.韦朝领,袁家明.植物抗逆境的分子生物学研究进展.安徽农业大学学报,2000,27( 2) :204-208.
4.宁顺斌,宋运淳,王玲,等.胁迫诱导的植物细胞凋亡-植物抗盐的可能生理机制.实验生物学报, 2000, 33(3) :245-251.
5.刘凤华,郭岩,谷冬梅,肖岗,陈正华,陈受宜.转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因植物的耐盐性研究.遗传学报,1997,24(1):54-58.
6.刘昉勋等.江苏海岸带植被的特征、分布及利用.植物生态学与地植物学丛刊, 1983, 7(2): 100~112.
7.刘俊君,彭学贤等.大肠杆菌mtlD基因和gutD基因的克隆全序列测定和高效表达.生物工程学报, 1995, (2):157～161
8.刘爱华等.八里庄杨苗木耐盐水培试验.山东林业科技, 1990(3):14~16,21
9.杨育林等,怎样提高盐碱土的绿化效果,(摘自《盐碱土造林绿化与综合开发文集》),中国环境科学出版社1992:97-100
10.许祥明,叶和春,李国风.植物抗盐机理的研究进展.应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(4):379～387.
11.张其德.盐胁迫对植物及其光合作用的影响(上).植物杂志, 1999(6):32-33.
12.李根有,陈征海,刘安兴,孙孟.浙江省湿地植被分类系统及主要植被类型与分布特.浙江林学院学报, 2002, 19(4): 356~362.
13.杜群,陈征海,孙孟军,诸葛刚,应宝根.浙江省红树林资源调查及其发展规划.林业调查规划, 2004, Sep. 29(3):9~12.
14.杨国会,马尧,李如升,田永清. NaCl对甘草叶片脯氨酸含量以及质膜相对透性的影响. 2000,20(5): 43～45.
15.申友武等,滨海盐碱滩涂绿地简介,(摘自《盐碱土造林绿化与综合开发文集》),中国环境科学出版社1992:39-42,
16.李合生,植物生理生化实验原理和技术,高等教育出版社,2001
17.杨斌生等.上海植物资源的开发利用和自然保护区的建设.上海师范大学学报, 1989, 13(1): 50~55.
18.陆静梅,朱俊义,李建东,等.松嫩平原4种盐生植物根的结构研究.生态学报, 1998, 18(3) :335-337.
19.陈兴龙,安树青,李国旗,程晓莉.中国海岸带耐盐经济植物资源.南京林业大学学院, 1997, 23(4): 81-84.
20.陈征海,唐正良.浙江海岛砂生植被研究(Ⅰ)植被的基本特征.浙江林学院学报, 1995, 12(4):388~398.
21.陈征海等.浙江海岛盐生植被研究(II)-天然植被类型及开发利用.生态学杂志, 1996, 15(5): 6~11.
22.陈洁、林栖凤.植物耐盐生理及耐盐机理研究进展.海南大学学报自然科学版,2003,21(2):177-182
23.林文棣、胡海波,江苏沿海平原盐渍土区造林绿化树种和草种的选择,(摘自《盐碱土造林绿化与综合开发文集》),中国环境科学出版社,1992.:132-135
24.林栖凤,李冠一.植物耐盐性研究进展[ J ].生物工程进展,2000,20( 2) :20-25.
25.林栖凤.耐盐植物研究.北京:科学出版社, 2004.
26.段景泰等.滨海重盐碱地区园林绿化研究,(摘自《盐碱土造林绿化与综合开发文集》),中国环境科学出版社,1992.:8-12
27.赵可夫,李军.盐浓度对3种单子叶盐生植物渗透调节及其在渗透调节中的影响.植物学报, 1999, 41 (12): 1287～1292.
28.赵可夫,李法曾.中国盐生植物.北京:科学出版社, 1999.
29.赵可夫,王韶唐.作物抗性生理.北京:中国农业出版社,1990.304
30.赵可夫,卢元芳,张宝泽等. Ca对小麦幼苗降低盐害效应的研究.植物学报,1993,35(1):51～56.
31.赵自国,陆静梅.植物耐盐性研究及进展.长春师范学院学报,2002,21(1):51～53.
32.唐正良,陈征海,胡明辉,等.浙江海岛野生观赏植物资源.浙江林业科技, 1996, 16(4): 59~66.
33.徐得成等.山东海岸带植物资源开发利用研究.国土与自然资源研究, 1993, (2):69~72.
34.郭岩,张莉,肖岗,曹守云,谷冬梅,田文忠,陈受宜.甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因在水稻中的表达及转基因植株的耐盐性研究.中国科学(c辑),1997,27(2):151-155.
35.梁慧敏,夏阳,杜峰,等.盐胁迫对两种草坪草抗性生理生化指标影响的研究.中国草地, 2001,23(5):27-30.
36.蒋志刚,马克平,韩兴国,保护生物学,浙江科学出版社,1997
37.戴高兴,彭克勤,皮灿辉.钙对植物耐盐的影响.中国农业通报. 2003, 19(3):97～101.
38.魏臻武,王得贤,刘瑞俊,等.两种早熟禾超氧物歧化酶活性测定的适宜条件.草原与草坪, 2000, (3):15-18.
39. Gramer G R. Displacement of Ca2+ and Na+ form the plasmalemma of rottlells. Plant Physiol, 1985, 79:207～211.
40. Greenway, H.and M.Runa. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Plant Physiol. 1980.
41. Hwang YH, Chen SC. Salt tolerance in seedlings of the mangrove Kandelia cnadel. Druce, Rhizophoraceae. Bot Bull Acad Sin,1995 (36): 25~31.
42. HARO R , BANEULOSMA , QUINTERO FJ , et al . Genetic basis of sodium exclusion and sodium tolerance in yeast. A model for plants[J ] . Physiol Plant , 1993 ,89 :868 - 874.
43. Levitt J.Responses of plants to environmental stresses. Academic Press,1980:375～393.
44. Liu J.P. Zhu J.K. Proline accumulation and salt-stress-induced gene expression in salt-hypersensitive mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol, 1997, 114: 591～596
45. Loustau, Crepeau, Guye-Mg, et al . Growth and water relations of three geograPhically separate origins of maritime pine under saline conditions. Tree Physiology, 1995, 15(9):569~576.
46. Morabito-d, Jolivet-Y, Prat-D, et al . Differences in the physiological responses of two clones of Eucalyptus Microtheca selected for their salt torlerance. Plant Science, 1996, 114(2):129~139.
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