崇明农业园区滨海盐渍土上园林树木的生长适应性研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
滨海盐渍土资源的改良和利用是滨海地区充分利用土地资源,促进经济发展的一个重要方面。为此,本文以上海崇明现代化农业园区的滨海盐渍土为研究对象,调查了园区的土壤状况,对目前该园区所种植的园林树木在不同程度含盐量的盐渍土上的生长适应性进行评价,研究了不同种类园林苗木的耐盐性,土壤改良剂对盐渍土育苗的效果,对今后崇明农业园区搞好绿化具有指导作用。
     经测定崇明农业园区耕层土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,与全县平均水平相比,养分含量基本特点是缺氮,不缺钾,有机质中等,严重缺磷。有机质、全氮、碱解氮都表现为北六效>北七效>北八效。
     园区三个不同区域(北六效、北七效、北八效)土壤的pH值均在8.7以上,为强度碱化土;北六效大田土壤含盐0.06%、北七效0.13%、北八效0.22%,且道路两侧土壤含盐量高于大田土壤,三个区域分别属于基本脱盐、轻度盐化土和中度盐化土类型。
     考察园林树木的栽植成活率、若干年后的保存率、株高或胸径的年平均增长量,结果表明,在北六效基本脱盐的土壤上,栾树(Koelreuterria paniculata)的适生性最好,无患子(Sapindus mukurossi)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)次之。美国火炬(Rhus typhina)、马褂木(Liriodendron chinensis)、乐昌含笑(Michelia figo)、银杏(Ginkgobiloba)、金合欢(Acacia farnesiana)、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、桂花(Osmanthusfragraos)等树种或者成活率不高,或者保存率明显下降,加上生长较慢等原因,不太适合栽植。
     在北七效轻度盐化土上,重阳木(Bischofia polycarpa)、池杉(Taxodium ascendens)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)、法国冬青(Viburnum awabuki)、夹竹桃(Neriumindicum)、蜀桧(Sabina chinensis)、栾树(Koelreuterria paniculata)、香花槐(Cladrastiswilsonii)、金丝梅(Hypericum patulum)、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、意杨(Populus intalia)的适应性均较好,且水杉对盐分含量的适应范围较广,棕榈(Trachycarpus fortunei)仅小苗生长良好,大苗不适合栽植;南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaries)和枫香(Liquidambarformosana)的适应性较差;女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)较适合在轻度盐化土上栽植,不适合在中度盐化土上栽植。
    
    祟明农业园区滨海盐渍土上园林树木的生长适应性研究
     在北八效中度盐化土上较适宜栽植美国黑杨护叩ulus amer~a)。
     在崇明县不同pH值及含盐量的地块(包括园区北八效)上引种栽植6个树种,其
    耐盐碱能力表现为:杂交柳>良种刺槐>74杨>杂交马褂木》光叶白蜡(凡司以inus
    bung爹ana)>喜树(ca呷to功eea acumin“阳)。
     将园林苗木浸泡在0一0.5%等不同浓度的盐溶液中,调查其存活时间,结果表明,
    耐盐力的表现为:重阳木>女贞>染树>香樟。
     在中度盐碱土上,喷施“康地宝”土壤改良剂后,美国黑杨扦插成活率显著提高,
    促进苗木的生长。
    关键词:滨海盐渍土;园林树木;生长适应性
It is an important item of fully use soil resources and improve economy development that improving and using saline-alkali soil resources in seashore area. So this study was about the saline-alkali soil of the Modern Agriculture Orchard of Chongming in Shanghai. The soil condition, the growth adaptability of garden trees present planted on different salty level soil in the orchard were investigated. The tolerance ability of different kinds of seedling of treest and the effect of soil amelioration on growth of seeding were studied. Above all study will guide the following greening work in Chongming Agriculture Orchard.The content of organic matter, total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen, valid phosphorus,valid potassium of soil in cultivate layer were determined, compared to average level of coutry, its nutrition characteristic was that nitrogen was deficit, potassium was no deficit, organic matter was moderate, and phosphorus was severely deficit. The orchard have three region, bei liu xiao, bei qi xiao, and bei ba xiao. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkaline nitrogen of bei liu xiao were higher than bei qi xiao, and then higher than bei ba xiao.The pH and salt content of soil in Chongming Agriculture Orchard were analyzed. Results showed that the pH all of region were more than 8.7, then belonged to heavy alkaline soil. The content of salt of farm soil of bei liu xiao was 0.06%, that of bei qi xiao was 0.13%, and that of bei ba xiao was 0.22%. Furthermore, the salt content of soil beside the road was even higher. Then the three region respectively belonged no salt soil, light degree salty soil, and middle degree salty soil.The viability ratio, survival ratio following several years, and annual average increment of height or diameter of kinds of garden trees were studied. On the no salt soil of bei liu xiao, growth adaptability of Koelreuteria paniculata was best, Sapindus mukurossi and Metasequoia glyptostroboides were better. Rhus typhina, Liriodendron chinensis, Michelis figo, Ginkgo biloba, Acacia farnesiana, Cinnamomum camphora, and Osmanthus fragrans
    
    adaptability were no good, because of low viability ratio or low survival ratio, and increment of height or diameter were litter.On the light salty soil of bei qi xiao, adaptability of Bischofia polycarpa, Taxodium ascendens, Metasequonia glyptostroboides, Viburnum awabuki, Nerium indicum.Sabina chinensis, Koelreuteria paniculata,Cladrastis wilsonii, Hypericum patulum, Pittosporum tobira, Populus intalia, all were well. And Metasequonia glyptostroboides had a wide limits on adaptability of salt concentration. Only young and little seeding of Trachycarpus fortunei could grow well, but big seedling grew bad. Choerospondias axillaries and Liquidambar formosana could not adapted.Ligustrum lucidum could grow well on light salty soil, but grew bad on middle salty soil.On moderate salty soil of bei ba xiao, Populus americana grew well.Six kinds of garden trees were planted on the different soil region which had different pH and different salt level in Chongming (Bei ba xiao also was a part).Tolerance ability to salt of tree showed that Salix species was best, then was Robinia pseudoacacia, then was 74 Populus and Liriodendron chinensis, Fraxinus bungeana,and Camptotheca acuminate was bad.Seedling of garden trees was soaked in 0-0.5% NaCl solution, and those survival time were studied, different. It showed that tolerance ability to salt was this: Bischofia javanica > Ligustrum lucidum> Koelreuteria paniculata> Cinnamomum camphor a.The amendment of 'Kangdibao' which was used on the moderate degree salty soil had a more obvious effect on raising survival ratio of Populus americana cutting and advancing the growth.
引文
[1] Szaboles(匈牙利).盐渍土是个世界性的问题.国际盐渍土改良学术讨论会论文集.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1985
    [2] Malcolm C.V.耐盐植物的选择与种植.宁夏农林科技,1992增刊,32-34
    [3] 曹利祥.盐碱荒滩绿化的浅识.中国林业,2001,1:26-27
    [4] 陈伯成,薄官珍.浅谈利津县园林绿化与治理盐碱.山东林业科技,1998增刊:34-35
    [5] 陈恩凤.有机质改良盐碱土的作用.土壤通报,1984,15(5):193-196
    [6] 大庭喜八郎.林木抗性育种方向的研究.林业技术,1986,530(5):7~11
    [7] 戴蒲英.盐胁迫对主要造林树种种子活力及幼苗生理特性的影响.广西科学,1998,5(1):62-65,70
    [8] 房用,田文侠,王永华等.山东省盐碱地林业综合治理技术探讨.林业科技开发,2002,16(4):44-45
    [9] 韩步阳,周武忠.苏北沿海地区树种选择和造林技术的调查研究.华东森林经理,1995,3:49-52
    [10] 韩翠萍.盐碱地造林的主要技术措施.内蒙古林业,2002,7:31
    [11] 胡海波,康立新.国外沿海防护林生态及其效益研究进展.世界林业研究,1998,2:18-25
    [12] 胡海波,梁珍海.淤泥质海岸防护林的降盐改土功能.东北林业大学学报,2001,29(5):34-37
    [13] 纪传东,杨广英.盐碱地上建设园林苗圃的探索.山东林业科技,1998增刊:37-38
    [14] 贾福平,贾翠萍.盐碱地造林树种及其特性.新疆林业科技,1996,3:26-27
    [15] 焦杰.国内外盐碱土改良研究概况.山东农业科学,1980,(1):47
    [16] 李焕珍等.脱硫石膏改良强度苏打盐渍土的研究.生态学杂志,1999,18(1):25-29
    [17] 李怒云,龙怀玉.植树造林与21世纪我国盐渍土开发利用的关系.北京林业大学报,2000,22(3):99-100
    [18] 李培夫.盐碱地的生物改良与抗盐植物的开发利用.垦殖与稻作,1999(3):37~402
    [19] 李绍忠.北方泥质海岸防护林生态工程的研究.应用生态学报,1996,7(2):122~1284
    [20] 李新举,张志国,李永昌.秸杆覆盖对盐渍土水分状况影响的模拟研究.土壤通报,1999,30(4):176-177
    [21] 刘斌,王志和.江苏省沿海防护林体系建设成效显著.江苏绿化,2000,2:23,33
    [22] 刘春华,张文淑.六十九个苜蓿品种耐盐性及二个耐盐生理指标的研究.草业科学,1993,10(6):16-22
    [23] 刘克彪.优良盐生牧草-大叶补血草的引种.草业科学,1993,10(2):31-33
    [24] 刘培芳,陈振楼,许世远等.上海滨岸带土地利用结构与调整对策.经济地理,2001,21(4):467-471
    [25] 刘忠阳,刘少坤.滨海盐渍土的绿化及其土壤改良对策.垦殖与稻作,1996,3:27-28
    [26] 牛东玲,王启基.盐碱地治理研究进展.土壤通报,2002,33(6):449-455
    [27] 秦宝荣,王希顺.滨海重盐碱地区庭院绿化的可持续发展初探.中国园林,2001,2:63-65
    [28] 邵秋玲,李玉娟,徐德芳.耐盐植物在黄河三角洲盐碱地绿化中的应用.山东林业科技,1998增刊19-20
    [29] 施红兵,时燕.滨海垦区水稻种植方式探讨.上海农业科技,2001,4:43,42
    
    [30] 宿淑英.微区改碱绿化新技术简介.北方园艺,1994,1:11
    [31] 唐治学.柠檬酸渣改良碱化土壤的研究.河南农业科学,1986,(12):8-9
    [32] 王春裕.论盐渍土之种稻生态改良.土壤通报,2002,33(2):94-95
    [33] 王国学.人工植苇改良滨海盐土.河北农业生态,1987,(2):41-43
    [34] 王久志.沥青乳剂改良盐碱地的效果.山西农业科学,1986,(5):13-14
    [35] 王连弟.天津滨海新区的绿化与土壤盐碱化问题.生态经济,1995,1:31-34
    [36] 王永清.碱化土壤上磷石膏的施用效果.土壤通报,1999,30(2):51-52
    [37] 王振锋,张凤新,施志石.沿海新垦区盐碱土快速脱盐淡化措施.中国农村水利水电,2003,5:5-6
    [38] 王遵亲.中国盐渍土.北京:科学出版社,1993
    [39] 魏庆莒.盐渍土改良与树木的抗盐性.新疆农垦科技,001,6:29-30
    [40] 巫东堂,王久志.土壤结构改良剂及其应用.土壤通报,1990,21(3):140-142
    [41] 武之新等.五种粮草兼用型作物耐盐性的研究.中国草地,1991,(5):28-32
    [42] 郗金标,宋玉民,李克俭.山东省滨海盐碱地造林绿化及可持续利用的对策.山东林业科技,1999,6:43-46
    [43] 郗金标,邢尚军,张建锋等.几种重盐碱地土壤改良利用模式的比较.东北林业大学学报,2003,31(6):99-101
    [44] 邢尚军,郗金标,张建锋等.黄河三角洲常见树种耐盐能力及其配套造林技术.东北林业大学学报,2003,31(6):94-95
    [45] 邢尚军,郗金标,张建锋等.黄河三角洲地区农林复合经营模式构建技术及效益分析.东北林业大学学报,2003,31(6):102-103
    [46] 邢尚军,张建锋,郗金标等.白刺造林对重盐碱地的改良效果.东北林业大学学报,2003,31(6):96-98
    [47] 许卉.盐碱地对植树造林的影响及耐盐树种的选择.滨州教育学院学报,1998,1:55-56
    [48] 杨建.略谈盐渍土绿化的施工技术.中国林业,2000,5:41
    [49] 杨永茂,陈玉环,张德英等.滨海盐碱地区城市绿化技术研究.辽宁林业科技,1995,5:48-50
    [50] 于雷.滨海盐渍土防护林树种选择的研究.辽宁林业科技,2001,2:7-9,46
    [51] 翟凤林.植物的耐盐性及其改良.北京:农业出版社,1989
    [52] 翟建中,徐菊英,姚惠明等.上海生态林业工程构思与策略.上海农业学报,2002,18(3):1-6
    [53] 张川红,沈应柏,尹伟伦.盐胁迫对几种苗木生长及光合作用的影响.林业科学,2002,38(2):27-31
    [54] 张建锋,乔勇进,焦明.盐碱地改良利用研究进展.山东林业科技,1997,3:5-8
    [55] 张建锋,宋玉民,邢尚军等.盐碱地改良利用与造林技术.东北林业大学学报,2002,30(6):124-129
    [56] 张建锋,邢尚军,郗金标等.黄河三角洲可持续发展面临的环境问题与林业对策.东北林业大学学报,2002,30(6):115-119
    [57] 张建锋,邢尚军,郗金标等.树木耐盐的生理指标测定.东北林业大学学报,2003,31(6):90-93
    [58] 张锐,严慧峻,魏由庆等.有机肥在改良盐渍土中的作用.土壤肥料,1997,4:11-14
    [59] 张万钧.天津滨海地区生态环境建设中绿化模式的探讨.中国园林,1999,15(4):31-33
    [60] 张万钧,龙怀玉、郭育文等.天津滨海园林绿化中盐土治理的理论与工艺.北京林业大学学 报,2000,22(5):40-44
    [6
    
    [61] 张文渊.江苏沿海地区盐渍土改良利用的治理措施.中国农业资源与区划,2000,21(5):43-45
    [62] 赵可夫,李法曾,樊守金等.中国的盐生植物.植物学通报1999,16(3):201-207
    [63] 赵可夫.盐渍土中碱蓬的脱盐作用.植物与土壤,1991,135:303~305.
    [64] 郑景明,潘文利,李绍忠.北方沿海地区生态林业工程建设现状及展望.防护林建设,1998,2:32-34
    [65] 郑景明,孟康敏.滨海盐生植被述评—泥岸海防林建设.辽宁林业科技,1999,4:48-49,62
    [66] 郑景明,于雷,李绍忠.泥质海岸防护林树种选择及造林工程技术研究.防护林科技,1999,2:4-6
    [67] 周虎成.盐碱地育苗技术.山西林业,2001,3:19-20
    [68] 祝建波.在高盐碱地区利用微区改土进行城市绿化.石河子农学院学报,1995,3:37-40
    [69] Doran J.C., Turnbull J.W. Australian trees and shrubs: species for landreh abilitation and farm planting in the tropics. Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 1997
    [70] Hassam F A, et al. Evaporation and salt move ment in soil in the present of water table. Soil Sci. Soc. Ameri. J., 1977, 41, (3):470-478.
    [71] Landgraf D.K., Klose S. Mobile and readily available C and N fractions and the irrelationship to microbiomass and selected enzyme activities in a sandy soil under different management systems. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 2002, 165:9~16
    [72] Lee W G et al. Invasion of the subantrotic Auckland Island, New Zealand, by the asterad tree Olearia Lyallii and it sinter action with a resident myrtaceous tree metrosider osideros umbellata.J of Biogeography, 1991, 18(5):493~508.
    [73] Marcar N, Ismail S, Hossain A. Trees, shrubs and grasses for salt lands. Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 1999
    [74] Mongia A D, Dey P, Singh G. Ameliorating effect of forest trees on a highly sodic soil in Haryana. Journal of the Indian society of soil science, 1998, 46, (4), 664-667.
    [75] Paul G., VanderMoezel et.al. Screening for salt and water logging tolerance in Eucalyptus and Melaleuca species. Forest Ecology and Management, 1991, 40:27~375
    [76] Pezeshki, S.RandChamlers, J.L. Effect of soil salinity on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis of greenash (Fraxinuspennysvanica).Can.J.For. 1986, 16:569~631
    [77] Pinsler RT, Swift MJ. Amelioration of soil by trees- A review of current concept sand practices. London: Marlborough House, 1986
    [78] Rhoades J D, Loveday J. Salinity in irrigated Agriculture. Irrigation of Agricultural corps-Agronomy monograph [M] .1990, No.30 ASA-CSSA-SSSA.
    [79] Singh H, Singh G, Singh J. Effect of eucalyptus tereticomis litter on properties of a sodic soil. Journal of the Indian society of soil science 1997, 45, (3), 565-570.
    [80] Vander Moezel P.G. et al. The effect of salinity on the germination of some wastern Australian Eucalytu sand Helalenca species.Seed Science and Technology, . 1987, 15(11):239~246
    [81] Willis W O. Evaporation from layered soil in presence of a water table. Soil Sci. Soc. Proc., 1960.24:239-242.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700