汽油机进气流量瞬态控制对排放影响的研究
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摘要
随着国家对环境保护要求的日益严格,电子控制汽油机燃油喷射系统在我国汽车工业中得到广泛应用,给我国汽车技术带来巨大的进步。同时,也暴露出了它所存在的各种问题,如何在可变条件下精确控制进气流量就是其中难点之一。
本文是针对双可变进排气门汽油机车型排放研究,发现车辆在排放试验中出现CO过高的情况,严重影响国家强检排放试验的顺利进行。结合热线式进气流量传感器在发生瞬态变化时,容易受到紊流的影响而产生超调或延迟信号这一特性和试验数据,将问题锁定在瞬态进气流量传感器信号失真所致。
针对根本原因,基于进气歧管压力传感器、发动机转速、进气门正时和排气门正时建立发动机进气模型,以便在瞬态工况取代进气流量传感器得到精确的进气数据。精确的进气流量加上合适空燃比的控制解决瞬态CO突跳问题,使得整车排放达到国四排放法规要求。
该研究不仅为企业按时将有竞争力的车型投放市场提供有力的技术支持,同时也为提高本地自主研发能力提供借鉴。为公司标定工程师后续配备双可变进排气门汽油机车型的国四乃至国五排放问题的解决指明了方向。目前该方法的使用在后续车型中取得了较好的效果。
With the requirements by the Government to protect environment, electrical fuel injection system control was used much more popular in engine, as bring us not as a great progress for China automobile technical, but also some hot issues, such as accuracy control on intake air flow in the variable conditions.
This paper focus on the emission research in the vehicle equipped with DVVT engine. CO exhausts exorbitance caused by inaccuracy intake air flow in the emission test has an impact on national compulsion emission test. Considered hot-wire intake manifold airflow(MAF) sensor characteristic and the test data, which shows the MAF sensor signal will be flare or delay by turbulence in transient mode, it is found that the root cause is MAF sensor signal distortion.
According the root cause the intake air model is created including intake manifold air pressure, engine RPM, intake phaser and exhaust phaser, which can replace the MAF sensor signal with accuracy intake air flow calculated. Accuracy intake air flow and air-fuel ratio control appropriately can solve this issue, as help the vehicle meet the emission requirement of China Phase IV.
This research not only makes a competitive car to release in market on time but also improves the ability to provide independent research and development of local reference. It pointed out the direction for engine calibrator to meet the requirement of China Phase IV and Phase V emission regulation in our company. The method currently used in subsequent models achieved good results.
本文是针对双可变进排气门汽油机车型排放研究,发现车辆在排放试验中出现CO过高的情况,严重影响国家强检排放试验的顺利进行。结合热线式进气流量传感器在发生瞬态变化时,容易受到紊流的影响而产生超调或延迟信号这一特性和试验数据,将问题锁定在瞬态进气流量传感器信号失真所致。
针对根本原因,基于进气歧管压力传感器、发动机转速、进气门正时和排气门正时建立发动机进气模型,以便在瞬态工况取代进气流量传感器得到精确的进气数据。精确的进气流量加上合适空燃比的控制解决瞬态CO突跳问题,使得整车排放达到国四排放法规要求。
该研究不仅为企业按时将有竞争力的车型投放市场提供有力的技术支持,同时也为提高本地自主研发能力提供借鉴。为公司标定工程师后续配备双可变进排气门汽油机车型的国四乃至国五排放问题的解决指明了方向。目前该方法的使用在后续车型中取得了较好的效果。
With the requirements by the Government to protect environment, electrical fuel injection system control was used much more popular in engine, as bring us not as a great progress for China automobile technical, but also some hot issues, such as accuracy control on intake air flow in the variable conditions.
This paper focus on the emission research in the vehicle equipped with DVVT engine. CO exhausts exorbitance caused by inaccuracy intake air flow in the emission test has an impact on national compulsion emission test. Considered hot-wire intake manifold airflow(MAF) sensor characteristic and the test data, which shows the MAF sensor signal will be flare or delay by turbulence in transient mode, it is found that the root cause is MAF sensor signal distortion.
According the root cause the intake air model is created including intake manifold air pressure, engine RPM, intake phaser and exhaust phaser, which can replace the MAF sensor signal with accuracy intake air flow calculated. Accuracy intake air flow and air-fuel ratio control appropriately can solve this issue, as help the vehicle meet the emission requirement of China Phase IV.
This research not only makes a competitive car to release in market on time but also improves the ability to provide independent research and development of local reference. It pointed out the direction for engine calibrator to meet the requirement of China Phase IV and Phase V emission regulation in our company. The method currently used in subsequent models achieved good results.
引文
[1] Bosch公司,徐尔强,吴森等,Bosch汽油机管理系统[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,2009.8,4-6页
[2]Mathieson M F et al,A Hydraulic Tappet with Variable Timing Properties,SAE Paper 930823:15-18
[3]Allen.J et al,Production Electro-Hydraulic Variable ValveTrain for a New Generation of I.C.Engines,SAE Paper 2002-01-1109:29-32
[4]李红艳等,发动机无凸轮轴气门驱动的研究与进展,车用发动机[J],2001.2,29-34
[5] Flierl.R et al,The Third Generation of Valvetrains- New Fully Variable Valvetrains for Throttle-Free Load Control,SAE Paper 2000-01-1227:6-8
[6]Miller et al,Electromechanical Valve Assembly for an Internal Combustion Engine,U.S Patent 6,795,291,2004-09-21:12-14
[7] Diehl, et al,Internal Combustion Engine.U.S Patent 6,701, 2004-03-09:3-8
[8]赵雨东等,实现汽车发动机可变气门相位的新方法,清华大学学报(自然科学版)[J],1994.34,6-9
[9] LiGuang Li et al,Effects of Intake Valve Closing Timing on Gasoline Engine Performance and Emission,SAE Paper 2001-01-3564:5-8
[10]赵雨东等,电磁气门驱动设计及其电磁铁静吸力特性试验,内燃机学报[J],2002.20,19-22
[11]严兆大等,电磁驱动气门机构系统模型,内燃机工程[J],2004.25,20-24
[12]王立彪,何邦全,谢辉等,发动机可变气门技术的研究进展,汽车技术[J],2005.12,4-9
[13]朱彩云,进气压力传感器输出特性及温度补偿分析,汽车电器[J],2008.10,9-13
[14]Kaidantzis P, Rasmussen P, Jensen M, et al, Advanced Nonliner Observer Control of SI Engines, 930768 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1993.05:8-10
[15] Corde G, Bianoco Y, Lecluse Y, Air Mass Flow Rate Observer Applied to SI AFR Control, 952460[R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1995.07:15-16
[16] Powell J D, Fekete N P, Change C F . Observer - Based Air Fuel Ratio Control [J]. IEEEControl systems Magazine, 1998.18:72-83.
[17]Kotwicihi A, Russell J, Pursifull R, et al, An Air Meter Based Cylinder Air Charge Estimator, 1999-01-0856 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1999.03:34-46
[18] Tan D R, Liu Z Y , Wang J H, Study on Optimum Estimate Method for Gasoline Engine Intake Flowrate Based on Stats Observer [C], Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Dalian, China, 2006.06:21-23
[19]庞佳涵,花向阳,扬振中,热线式空气流量计的研究,节能[J],2003.07,9-11
[20]朱良,谭德荣,赵玮,热线式空气流量计的测量技术,山东理工大学学报(自然科学版)[J],2006.03, 85-88
[21]李长武,梁国伟,汽车用热线式空气流量传感器,传感器技术[J],2004.23,38-40
[22]陈红岩,严谨,董清亮等,热线式空气流量计在便携式尾气分析仪中的应用研究,小型内燃机与摩托车[J],2008.01,11-13
[23]才海男,周兆英,一种用于微小流量测量的热线式流量传感器的研究计量技术,传感器技术[J], 1998.08,13-16
[24]赵伟国,宋执环,黄震威等,基于热膜探头的新型气体流量传感器研究,仪器仪表学报[J],2009.5(3),1073-1077
[25]XU KJ, REN H, Wang X F, et al. Non linear dynamic modeling of hot-film/wire MAF sensors with two-stage identification based on hammerstein model. Sensor and actuators A, 2007, 135(1):131-140
[26]腾勒,马标,徐克军,热膜式空气质量传感器块联模型结构辨识,仪器仪表学[J],2008. 29(3),477-482
[27]Hendricks E, Jensen M, Kaidantzis, et al, Transient A/F Ratio Errors in Conventional SI Engine Controllers, 930856 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1993.07:25-28
[28]朱小慧,费继兵,车载故障诊断系统的研究,车用发动机[J],2004.04,24-28
[29]轻型汽车污染排放限值及测量方法(III,IV阶段),(征求意见稿2004-03),北京:中国标准出版社,2004
[30]郭晓龙,陈翀,唐岚,三元催化器的失效机理及故障诊断系统的研究,四川工业学院学报[J], 2003.04,30-33
[31]Stephen.N.Rohr et al, An Integrated Approach to Automotive Safety System, SAETechnical Paper Series 2000-01-0346:10-12
[32]黎苏,李西秦,黎晓鹰,燃气汽车闭环控制系统的开发及整车匹配研究,天然气工业[J], 2005.03,6-9
[33]W. James. Allen, Delphi Delco Electronics System, Calibration Development with Production Intent Electronic Control Units, SAE Technical Paper Series 2000-01-1241:8-12
[34]李彩芬,李国岫,柴长松等,汽车电喷发动机自动优化标定的研究,2004年APC联合学术年会论文集[J],2004.09,9-13
[35]周志宾,王季峰,辛明华等,汽车氧传感器电压输出特性研究传感器与微系统[J], 2007.26(5),30-32
[36]钱人一,现代汽车发动机电子控制[M],上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999.12,56-63页
[37]卓斌,车用汽油机燃料喷射与电子控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1999,243-262页
[38]蔡伟义,可变气门正时技术,汽车维修与保养[J],2003.08,25-28
[39]秦志斌,郑钟名,边耀璋等,基于电子控制技术的多模式燃烧,小型内燃机与摩托车[J],2005.12(34),39-41
[40]Hendricks E, Jensen M, Chevailler A, et al, Conventional Event Based Engine Control, 940377 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1994.
[41]Sekozawa T, Takahashi S, Shioya M, et al. Development of a Highly Accurate Air - Fuel Ratio Control Method Based on Internal State Estimation, 920290 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1992.06:10-20
[42]邢登军,腾勤,谈建,汽车发动机热线式空气质量传感器的动态特性,内燃机与动力装置[J], 2008.03,1-7
[43]陈三昧,陈晨,车载电控喷油系统原理及构成,内燃机[J],2005.06,17-20
[44] Klaus-Peter Schindler. Impact of MMT on vehicle emission performance, Asian Vehicle Emission Control Conference 2004(AVECC 2004):12-15
[45] James C. Peyton Jones, Imad H. Makke, Kenneth Muske. Catalyst Diagnostics Using Adaptive Control System Parameters, SAE Technical Paper Series 2006-01-1070:22-30
[46]陈江红,王泓亮,发动机电子控制系统欧-Ⅲ排放匹配,内燃机工程[J],2005.04,33-36
[47] Gilberto Geraldo. Differences Between On-Board Diagnostic Systems (EOBD, OBD-II, OBD-BR1 and OBD-BR2), SAE Technical Paper Series 2006-01-2671:38-46
[48]肖永清,电子控制技术在汽车发动机上的应用与发展,上海电器技术[J],2004.02,56-61
[49]耿文娟,袁银南,居钰生,汽油机缸内直喷技术探析,小型内燃机与摩托车[J],2010.06,23-28
[2]Mathieson M F et al,A Hydraulic Tappet with Variable Timing Properties,SAE Paper 930823:15-18
[3]Allen.J et al,Production Electro-Hydraulic Variable ValveTrain for a New Generation of I.C.Engines,SAE Paper 2002-01-1109:29-32
[4]李红艳等,发动机无凸轮轴气门驱动的研究与进展,车用发动机[J],2001.2,29-34
[5] Flierl.R et al,The Third Generation of Valvetrains- New Fully Variable Valvetrains for Throttle-Free Load Control,SAE Paper 2000-01-1227:6-8
[6]Miller et al,Electromechanical Valve Assembly for an Internal Combustion Engine,U.S Patent 6,795,291,2004-09-21:12-14
[7] Diehl, et al,Internal Combustion Engine.U.S Patent 6,701, 2004-03-09:3-8
[8]赵雨东等,实现汽车发动机可变气门相位的新方法,清华大学学报(自然科学版)[J],1994.34,6-9
[9] LiGuang Li et al,Effects of Intake Valve Closing Timing on Gasoline Engine Performance and Emission,SAE Paper 2001-01-3564:5-8
[10]赵雨东等,电磁气门驱动设计及其电磁铁静吸力特性试验,内燃机学报[J],2002.20,19-22
[11]严兆大等,电磁驱动气门机构系统模型,内燃机工程[J],2004.25,20-24
[12]王立彪,何邦全,谢辉等,发动机可变气门技术的研究进展,汽车技术[J],2005.12,4-9
[13]朱彩云,进气压力传感器输出特性及温度补偿分析,汽车电器[J],2008.10,9-13
[14]Kaidantzis P, Rasmussen P, Jensen M, et al, Advanced Nonliner Observer Control of SI Engines, 930768 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1993.05:8-10
[15] Corde G, Bianoco Y, Lecluse Y, Air Mass Flow Rate Observer Applied to SI AFR Control, 952460[R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1995.07:15-16
[16] Powell J D, Fekete N P, Change C F . Observer - Based Air Fuel Ratio Control [J]. IEEEControl systems Magazine, 1998.18:72-83.
[17]Kotwicihi A, Russell J, Pursifull R, et al, An Air Meter Based Cylinder Air Charge Estimator, 1999-01-0856 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1999.03:34-46
[18] Tan D R, Liu Z Y , Wang J H, Study on Optimum Estimate Method for Gasoline Engine Intake Flowrate Based on Stats Observer [C], Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Dalian, China, 2006.06:21-23
[19]庞佳涵,花向阳,扬振中,热线式空气流量计的研究,节能[J],2003.07,9-11
[20]朱良,谭德荣,赵玮,热线式空气流量计的测量技术,山东理工大学学报(自然科学版)[J],2006.03, 85-88
[21]李长武,梁国伟,汽车用热线式空气流量传感器,传感器技术[J],2004.23,38-40
[22]陈红岩,严谨,董清亮等,热线式空气流量计在便携式尾气分析仪中的应用研究,小型内燃机与摩托车[J],2008.01,11-13
[23]才海男,周兆英,一种用于微小流量测量的热线式流量传感器的研究计量技术,传感器技术[J], 1998.08,13-16
[24]赵伟国,宋执环,黄震威等,基于热膜探头的新型气体流量传感器研究,仪器仪表学报[J],2009.5(3),1073-1077
[25]XU KJ, REN H, Wang X F, et al. Non linear dynamic modeling of hot-film/wire MAF sensors with two-stage identification based on hammerstein model. Sensor and actuators A, 2007, 135(1):131-140
[26]腾勒,马标,徐克军,热膜式空气质量传感器块联模型结构辨识,仪器仪表学[J],2008. 29(3),477-482
[27]Hendricks E, Jensen M, Kaidantzis, et al, Transient A/F Ratio Errors in Conventional SI Engine Controllers, 930856 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1993.07:25-28
[28]朱小慧,费继兵,车载故障诊断系统的研究,车用发动机[J],2004.04,24-28
[29]轻型汽车污染排放限值及测量方法(III,IV阶段),(征求意见稿2004-03),北京:中国标准出版社,2004
[30]郭晓龙,陈翀,唐岚,三元催化器的失效机理及故障诊断系统的研究,四川工业学院学报[J], 2003.04,30-33
[31]Stephen.N.Rohr et al, An Integrated Approach to Automotive Safety System, SAETechnical Paper Series 2000-01-0346:10-12
[32]黎苏,李西秦,黎晓鹰,燃气汽车闭环控制系统的开发及整车匹配研究,天然气工业[J], 2005.03,6-9
[33]W. James. Allen, Delphi Delco Electronics System, Calibration Development with Production Intent Electronic Control Units, SAE Technical Paper Series 2000-01-1241:8-12
[34]李彩芬,李国岫,柴长松等,汽车电喷发动机自动优化标定的研究,2004年APC联合学术年会论文集[J],2004.09,9-13
[35]周志宾,王季峰,辛明华等,汽车氧传感器电压输出特性研究传感器与微系统[J], 2007.26(5),30-32
[36]钱人一,现代汽车发动机电子控制[M],上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999.12,56-63页
[37]卓斌,车用汽油机燃料喷射与电子控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1999,243-262页
[38]蔡伟义,可变气门正时技术,汽车维修与保养[J],2003.08,25-28
[39]秦志斌,郑钟名,边耀璋等,基于电子控制技术的多模式燃烧,小型内燃机与摩托车[J],2005.12(34),39-41
[40]Hendricks E, Jensen M, Chevailler A, et al, Conventional Event Based Engine Control, 940377 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1994.
[41]Sekozawa T, Takahashi S, Shioya M, et al. Development of a Highly Accurate Air - Fuel Ratio Control Method Based on Internal State Estimation, 920290 [R]. Warrendale, U.S.:Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Technical Paper, 1992.06:10-20
[42]邢登军,腾勤,谈建,汽车发动机热线式空气质量传感器的动态特性,内燃机与动力装置[J], 2008.03,1-7
[43]陈三昧,陈晨,车载电控喷油系统原理及构成,内燃机[J],2005.06,17-20
[44] Klaus-Peter Schindler. Impact of MMT on vehicle emission performance, Asian Vehicle Emission Control Conference 2004(AVECC 2004):12-15
[45] James C. Peyton Jones, Imad H. Makke, Kenneth Muske. Catalyst Diagnostics Using Adaptive Control System Parameters, SAE Technical Paper Series 2006-01-1070:22-30
[46]陈江红,王泓亮,发动机电子控制系统欧-Ⅲ排放匹配,内燃机工程[J],2005.04,33-36
[47] Gilberto Geraldo. Differences Between On-Board Diagnostic Systems (EOBD, OBD-II, OBD-BR1 and OBD-BR2), SAE Technical Paper Series 2006-01-2671:38-46
[48]肖永清,电子控制技术在汽车发动机上的应用与发展,上海电器技术[J],2004.02,56-61
[49]耿文娟,袁银南,居钰生,汽油机缸内直喷技术探析,小型内燃机与摩托车[J],2010.06,23-28