电力变压器铁心接地电流在线监测系统研究
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摘要
电力变压器是电力系统中最重要的电气设备之一,其是否安全稳定运行将影响到供电可靠性和系统的正常运行,因此,对电力变压器运行状态进行实时在线监测具有重要意义。
在电力变压器运行过程中,为了防止因铁心点接地导致接地电流超标而造成的铁心过热和烧毁故障,设计了一种基于GSM无线传输技术的变压器铁心接地电流在线监测系统。在本文中,由电流传感器获得电信号,经量程自动切换模块,再由MAX197芯片进行A/D转换,使数字信号进入CPU；CPU控制LED进行电流显示,用户可根据自身需要对键盘进行相关操作及切换显示。
该系统能够实现对变压器铁心接地电流的实时或定时监测和历史数据的存储,当监测到接地电流超过国家标准后发出报警信号,并根据电流的大小实现限流电阻的自动投切,最终将接地电流限制在规程要求的范围内。
The power transformer is one of the most important electrical equipments in the power system, whether it can run safely and stably or not will affect the reliability of the power supply and the normal operation of the system. So a fixed-time or real-time online monitoring of the running state of the transformer is very important.
In the working process of the transformer, multi-point grounding of the transformer core could lead to too big grounding current which can burning the core. In order to prevent burning fault of transformer core, an online monitoring system based on GSM wireless communication technique of the current in the grounding loop of the transformer core is introduced. In this paper, the automatic switch range circuit can process the signal which comes from the current transformer to ensure the accuracy of the data. When the chip MAX197 finish the convert of analog to digital, the signal goes in to the CPU(Central Processing Uint). CPU can control the LED module to display the current. And users can operate the keyboard according to their needs, for example, setting the time interval of sending current value from CPU to cell phones, the warning value of the current and the short message center number.
This system could real-time monitor the grounding current of the transformer core and store the historical data. When the grounding current exceeds the national standard, the system will generate an alert signal and control the resister automatically, which limited the current in the demand of operation standard.
在电力变压器运行过程中,为了防止因铁心点接地导致接地电流超标而造成的铁心过热和烧毁故障,设计了一种基于GSM无线传输技术的变压器铁心接地电流在线监测系统。在本文中,由电流传感器获得电信号,经量程自动切换模块,再由MAX197芯片进行A/D转换,使数字信号进入CPU；CPU控制LED进行电流显示,用户可根据自身需要对键盘进行相关操作及切换显示。
该系统能够实现对变压器铁心接地电流的实时或定时监测和历史数据的存储,当监测到接地电流超过国家标准后发出报警信号,并根据电流的大小实现限流电阻的自动投切,最终将接地电流限制在规程要求的范围内。
The power transformer is one of the most important electrical equipments in the power system, whether it can run safely and stably or not will affect the reliability of the power supply and the normal operation of the system. So a fixed-time or real-time online monitoring of the running state of the transformer is very important.
In the working process of the transformer, multi-point grounding of the transformer core could lead to too big grounding current which can burning the core. In order to prevent burning fault of transformer core, an online monitoring system based on GSM wireless communication technique of the current in the grounding loop of the transformer core is introduced. In this paper, the automatic switch range circuit can process the signal which comes from the current transformer to ensure the accuracy of the data. When the chip MAX197 finish the convert of analog to digital, the signal goes in to the CPU(Central Processing Uint). CPU can control the LED module to display the current. And users can operate the keyboard according to their needs, for example, setting the time interval of sending current value from CPU to cell phones, the warning value of the current and the short message center number.
This system could real-time monitor the grounding current of the transformer core and store the historical data. When the grounding current exceeds the national standard, the system will generate an alert signal and control the resister automatically, which limited the current in the demand of operation standard.
引文
[1]王昌长等.电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断,清华大学出版社,2006.
[2]董其国.电力变压器故障与诊断[M],北京：中国电力出版社2001.
[3]DL/T596-1996,电力设备预防性试验规程[S].
[4]王炜.变压器铁芯接地故障自动监测[J],变压器,2002,39(S1)：68-69.
[5]周明席.变压器铁芯接地故障的分析与处理[J],江苏电机工程,2003,22(6)：48-49.
[6]曾国.变压器铁芯经小电阻接地对介损试验的影响[J],变压器,1996,36(6)：38.
[7]高宁,高文胜,李福祺等.变压器局放在线监测中的现场干扰分析[J],变压器,2002,39(S1)：24-26.
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[9]周俊,刘立柱,金俊利.基于MAX274的有源滤波器设计[J],红外,2003,(9).
[10]李华.MCS-51系列单片机实习接口技术[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[11]陈刚.基于无线传输的变压器铁芯接地监测系统的设计[J],计算机测量与控制,2008,(16).
[12]李鸿.用单片机控制手机收发短消息,电子技术应用,2002(1).
[13]马潮.嵌入式GSM短消息接口的软硬件设计,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002(7).
[14]杨忠煌.单芯片8051实务与应用[M],北京：中国水力水电出版社,2001.
[15]薛栋梁.单片机原理与应用[M],北京：水利水电出版社,2001.
[16]马忠梅.单片机的C语言应用程序设计(第3版)[M],北京： 北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[17]Widrow Bernard. Adaptive Noise Canceling, Principles and Applications. Proc. IEEE,1975,63 (12):1692-1716.
[18]Jin Xianhe,Wang Chang,Li Fuqi et al.Comparison of PD Classifaication Capabilities for Transformer Failure and Typical Noise Models with Neural Network Applications,2000 Annual Report,Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena(CEIDP2000), Victoria, Canada, Oct.15-18,2000.
[19]陈琼,彭蔓,刘晓华.便携式无线高压变比测试仪的设计[J],电测与仪表,2008,(11)：40-43.
[20]刘君华.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
[21]孟飞.金属氧化物避雷器泄漏电流监测仪的研制[J],电测与仪表,2009,(3)：57-61.
[22]李行善.自动测试系统集成技术[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[23]于劲松.通用自动测试系统关键技术研究[D],北京：北京航空航天大学,2004.
[24]陈敢峰.变压器检修[M],北京：中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[25]耿江海,律方成,刘云鹏,等.变压器铁芯接地电流理论分析[DB],南京：中国电力高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第22届年会,2006.
[26]Ignacio J, Ramirez-Rosado. Genetic Algorithms Applied to the Design of Large Power Distribution System. IEEE Trans. on Power System,1998,13(2):696-703.
[27]Toshio Fukuda, Takanori Shibata. Theory and Application of Neural Networks for Industrial Control Systems, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.1992,39(5):472-489.
[28]Siemens Micro Master/Midi Master Operating Instructions, Edition03.1995:10-17.
[29]Jenkins Harri, Passingham, Richard E, David J. The effect of movement frequency On cerebral activation:apositron emission tomography study, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.1997,151(2):45-54.
[30]Kuo kai Shyu, Hsin jang Shieh, Sheng shang FU. Model Reference Adaptive Speed Control for Induction Motor Drive Using Neural Networks, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.1998, 145:180-182.
[31]Joachim Holtz. The Representation Of AC Machine Dynamics by Complex Signal Flow Graphs, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.1995,42:263-271.
[32]Bose, B. K. Variable frequency drives-technology and applications, Industrial Electronics,1993. Conference Proceedings.1993:1-8.
[33]Morimoto M, Sato S, Sumito K, Oshitani K. Single-chip Microcomputer Control of the Inverter by the magic Flux Control PWM Method, IEEE. Trans. Ind.1989,36(1):42-47.
[34]苏奎峰,吕强,狄庆锋等.TMS320F2812原理与开发[M],电子工业出版社,2005,4.
[35]侯海岭,姚年春.无线收发芯片nRF905的原理及应用[J],仪器仪表用户,2006,(3)
[36]S. Kobayashi, et al. Development and Field Test Evaluation of Optical Current and Voltage Transfiers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992,7(2):815·821.
[37]U. Holin,H.Sohlsu'om, T.Brogardh. Measurement System for Magneto-optic Sensor Materials[J]. J. Phys. E: Sci.Instrum.1984.17:885-889.
[38]闫永明.变压器铁心多点接地故障的检测与处理[J],山西电力技术,2001(2)：47-48.
[39]张重远,张建兴,律方成等.基于Rogowski线圈的高压设备工频泄漏电流传感器的研制[J],华北电力大学学报,2006,33(2)：5-7.
[40]顾海洲,马双武.PCB电磁兼容技术设计与实践[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[41]G. Nienhuis, J. EWoerdman, LKuscer. Magnetic and Mechanical Faraday Effects [J]. Physical ReviewA'1992 46(11):7079-7092.
[42]刘云鹏,丁玉剑,律方成等.变压器有载分接开关检测系统的设计[J],高压电器,2007,43(1),25-28.
[2]董其国.电力变压器故障与诊断[M],北京：中国电力出版社2001.
[3]DL/T596-1996,电力设备预防性试验规程[S].
[4]王炜.变压器铁芯接地故障自动监测[J],变压器,2002,39(S1)：68-69.
[5]周明席.变压器铁芯接地故障的分析与处理[J],江苏电机工程,2003,22(6)：48-49.
[6]曾国.变压器铁芯经小电阻接地对介损试验的影响[J],变压器,1996,36(6)：38.
[7]高宁,高文胜,李福祺等.变压器局放在线监测中的现场干扰分析[J],变压器,2002,39(S1)：24-26.
[8]Maxim.New Rel ease DataBook[J],1997, (1).
[9]周俊,刘立柱,金俊利.基于MAX274的有源滤波器设计[J],红外,2003,(9).
[10]李华.MCS-51系列单片机实习接口技术[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[11]陈刚.基于无线传输的变压器铁芯接地监测系统的设计[J],计算机测量与控制,2008,(16).
[12]李鸿.用单片机控制手机收发短消息,电子技术应用,2002(1).
[13]马潮.嵌入式GSM短消息接口的软硬件设计,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002(7).
[14]杨忠煌.单芯片8051实务与应用[M],北京：中国水力水电出版社,2001.
[15]薛栋梁.单片机原理与应用[M],北京：水利水电出版社,2001.
[16]马忠梅.单片机的C语言应用程序设计(第3版)[M],北京： 北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[17]Widrow Bernard. Adaptive Noise Canceling, Principles and Applications. Proc. IEEE,1975,63 (12):1692-1716.
[18]Jin Xianhe,Wang Chang,Li Fuqi et al.Comparison of PD Classifaication Capabilities for Transformer Failure and Typical Noise Models with Neural Network Applications,2000 Annual Report,Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena(CEIDP2000), Victoria, Canada, Oct.15-18,2000.
[19]陈琼,彭蔓,刘晓华.便携式无线高压变比测试仪的设计[J],电测与仪表,2008,(11)：40-43.
[20]刘君华.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
[21]孟飞.金属氧化物避雷器泄漏电流监测仪的研制[J],电测与仪表,2009,(3)：57-61.
[22]李行善.自动测试系统集成技术[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[23]于劲松.通用自动测试系统关键技术研究[D],北京：北京航空航天大学,2004.
[24]陈敢峰.变压器检修[M],北京：中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[25]耿江海,律方成,刘云鹏,等.变压器铁芯接地电流理论分析[DB],南京：中国电力高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第22届年会,2006.
[26]Ignacio J, Ramirez-Rosado. Genetic Algorithms Applied to the Design of Large Power Distribution System. IEEE Trans. on Power System,1998,13(2):696-703.
[27]Toshio Fukuda, Takanori Shibata. Theory and Application of Neural Networks for Industrial Control Systems, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.1992,39(5):472-489.
[28]Siemens Micro Master/Midi Master Operating Instructions, Edition03.1995:10-17.
[29]Jenkins Harri, Passingham, Richard E, David J. The effect of movement frequency On cerebral activation:apositron emission tomography study, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.1997,151(2):45-54.
[30]Kuo kai Shyu, Hsin jang Shieh, Sheng shang FU. Model Reference Adaptive Speed Control for Induction Motor Drive Using Neural Networks, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.1998, 145:180-182.
[31]Joachim Holtz. The Representation Of AC Machine Dynamics by Complex Signal Flow Graphs, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.1995,42:263-271.
[32]Bose, B. K. Variable frequency drives-technology and applications, Industrial Electronics,1993. Conference Proceedings.1993:1-8.
[33]Morimoto M, Sato S, Sumito K, Oshitani K. Single-chip Microcomputer Control of the Inverter by the magic Flux Control PWM Method, IEEE. Trans. Ind.1989,36(1):42-47.
[34]苏奎峰,吕强,狄庆锋等.TMS320F2812原理与开发[M],电子工业出版社,2005,4.
[35]侯海岭,姚年春.无线收发芯片nRF905的原理及应用[J],仪器仪表用户,2006,(3)
[36]S. Kobayashi, et al. Development and Field Test Evaluation of Optical Current and Voltage Transfiers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992,7(2):815·821.
[37]U. Holin,H.Sohlsu'om, T.Brogardh. Measurement System for Magneto-optic Sensor Materials[J]. J. Phys. E: Sci.Instrum.1984.17:885-889.
[38]闫永明.变压器铁心多点接地故障的检测与处理[J],山西电力技术,2001(2)：47-48.
[39]张重远,张建兴,律方成等.基于Rogowski线圈的高压设备工频泄漏电流传感器的研制[J],华北电力大学学报,2006,33(2)：5-7.
[40]顾海洲,马双武.PCB电磁兼容技术设计与实践[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[41]G. Nienhuis, J. EWoerdman, LKuscer. Magnetic and Mechanical Faraday Effects [J]. Physical ReviewA'1992 46(11):7079-7092.
[42]刘云鹏,丁玉剑,律方成等.变压器有载分接开关检测系统的设计[J],高压电器,2007,43(1),25-28.