天南星等中草药的抑菌活性筛选、机理研究及其对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗观察
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摘要
本研究对23种中草药醇提物进行了大肠埃希氏菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，绿脓杆菌的敏感性实验。其中天南星的醇提物对此三种细菌都有明显的抑制作用，因此对天南星的抑菌作用和抑菌机理做了进一步研究，并观察了天南星对鸡大肠杆菌病的临床治疗效果。结果表明：天南星醇提物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌都有明显的抑制作用，抑菌谱广；其抑菌活性主要成分为皂甙；扫描电镜观察，天南星醇提物对大肠埃希氏菌的菌体结构造成破坏，菌体缢缩变形，直至其缢缩成为颗粒状残体而死亡；透射电镜观察，药物作用下大肠埃希氏菌的细胞质固缩，导致质壁分离，并随药物作用时间增长细胞质解体出现空腔，部分细胞壁缺失，细胞膜破裂；SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明此醇提物作用下，大肠埃希氏菌表达的总蛋白含量下降，而且大分子蛋白下降尤为明显，有些蛋白谱带消失（如R1，R6）；绘制出正常大肠埃希氏菌和药物作用下大肠埃希氏菌的对比生长曲线，可见这种抑菌作用主要发生在对数生长期，其机理可能是抑制细胞的分裂；实验发现，天南星醇提物对鸡大肠杆菌和猪大肠杆菌的抑制作用强烈，有代替抗生素防治鸡大肠杆菌病和猪大肠杆菌病的应用潜力。急性毒性实验结果表明，其对雏鸡的LD50为535.06～372.90g/kg。
Bacteriostatic action of 23 chinese medicinal herbs extracts with alcohol on Escherichia coli ATCC11411、Staphylococcus aureus ATCC26112、and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied experimently.In these medicines,Arisaema consanguineum schott tuber extracts with alcohol had obvious action in these three bacteriostasis,then its bacteriostatic action and mechanism and its effect on colibacillosis in chiken were studied.The results showed the extracts had obvious action in bacteriostasis upon Gram-positive and Gram-negtive bacteria,and bacteriostatic spectrum was wide.Primarily analysis indicated spaonins element of its Arisaema consanguineum Schott is the principal material for Bacteriostatic action.Observation under scanning electronmicroscope revealed that the structure of Escherichia coli was destroyed by the extracts,and Escherichia coli changed shapes,lastly,constricted into little particles and died.Observation under transmission electronmicroscope revealed that cytoplasm was concentrated,cell membrane was separated from cell wall,then cell membrane was broken down into a cavity,a part of cell wall was disappeared and cell membrane was broken.The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the content of the total protein in Escherichia coli decreased,especialy the proteint of large molecule,some of them disappeared.Drafted the growth curves of normal Escherichia coli and the growth curves of the Escherichia coli effected by the extracts,by contrast,the result showed bacteriostatic action mainly produced at logarithmic phase and Bacteriostatic Mechanism was possible to inhibit cell division.By the experiment, Arisaema consanguineum schott tuber extracts with alcohol had strong bacteriostatic action upon Escherichia coli 01 C84010 and Escherichia coli k88
C83905.It had practice potent of substituting antibiotic to prevent chiken colibacillosis and pig colibacillosis.The experiment of acute toxicity showed the LD50 of the extracts is 535.06～372.90g/Kg.
Bacteriostatic action of 23 chinese medicinal herbs extracts with alcohol on Escherichia coli ATCC11411、Staphylococcus aureus ATCC26112、and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied experimently.In these medicines,Arisaema consanguineum schott tuber extracts with alcohol had obvious action in these three bacteriostasis,then its bacteriostatic action and mechanism and its effect on colibacillosis in chiken were studied.The results showed the extracts had obvious action in bacteriostasis upon Gram-positive and Gram-negtive bacteria,and bacteriostatic spectrum was wide.Primarily analysis indicated spaonins element of its Arisaema consanguineum Schott is the principal material for Bacteriostatic action.Observation under scanning electronmicroscope revealed that the structure of Escherichia coli was destroyed by the extracts,and Escherichia coli changed shapes,lastly,constricted into little particles and died.Observation under transmission electronmicroscope revealed that cytoplasm was concentrated,cell membrane was separated from cell wall,then cell membrane was broken down into a cavity,a part of cell wall was disappeared and cell membrane was broken.The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the content of the total protein in Escherichia coli decreased,especialy the proteint of large molecule,some of them disappeared.Drafted the growth curves of normal Escherichia coli and the growth curves of the Escherichia coli effected by the extracts,by contrast,the result showed bacteriostatic action mainly produced at logarithmic phase and Bacteriostatic Mechanism was possible to inhibit cell division.By the experiment, Arisaema consanguineum schott tuber extracts with alcohol had strong bacteriostatic action upon Escherichia coli 01 C84010 and Escherichia coli k88
C83905.It had practice potent of substituting antibiotic to prevent chiken colibacillosis and pig colibacillosis.The experiment of acute toxicity showed the LD50 of the extracts is 535.06～372.90g/Kg.
引文
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[14]杜树山,孟雷,徐艳春等.天南星属植物研究进展(综述)[J].北京中医药大学学报,2001,24(3):49~51
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[31]Jee HJ,Hongkum L,Sam SK.Diacylglycerylgalactosides From Arisaema curvaturn[J].Phytochemistry,1996,42(2):447~50
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[38]曾昭贤等.中药通报,1987,12(11):45
[39]冯汉林等.天南星及其代用品研究概况[J].中草药,1993,23(11)602
[40]孙光星等.上海医科大学学报,1992,19(1):17
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[42]杨仓良等.剧毒中药古今用[M].中国医药科技出版社
[43]邢蜀林等.中药通报,1987,12(9)47
[44]杨花亭.药物图考[M].中央国医馆,中华民国二十四年
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[47]肖志雄等.四川大学学报,1985(1):92
[48]Sandhu,R.S.etc.C.A.Vol.114,1991,page380,58849x
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[51]胡建华.中医杂志,1986,17(2):15
[52]陈菊花等.中成药,1984,6(5):3
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