城市居民固体废弃物收运与规划布局优化研究
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摘要
近年来随着城市居民固体废弃物成分的日趋复杂和收运量的持续增长,居民固体废弃物问题倍受人们重视。城市居民固体废弃物管理主要是废弃物的收运管理,本文全面系统地研究了城市居民固体废弃物收运管理的各种影响因素、收运方案比较,构建基于数学模型的收运方案选择和基于GIS的居民固体废弃物小型转运站优化布局规划。在长沙市中心城区居民固体废弃物收运规划管理中,实现废弃物收运低成本及最宜小型转运站服务半径,并设计计算机实现程序,实现针对城市土地利用及其人口分布非均质情况下居民固体废弃物小型转运站设施空间布局的定量分析。为城市居民固体废弃物收运管理提供技术支持,拓宽了GIS在城市公共基础服务设施空间分析方面的应用领域。
本文的主要研究成果如下：
(1)介绍选题的背景,阐述城市居民固体废弃物小型收运站布局面临的问题。以实际调研和文献资料查阅为基础,分析了城市居民固体废弃物收运量和成分的影响因素,对城市居民固体废弃物产量和成分进行预测分析,针对长沙中心城区居民固体废弃物收运管理提出研究框架。
(2)通过对居民固体废弃物收运系统全过程研究和国内外现状分析,提出城市居民固体废弃物混合收集和分类收集的十种收运方案。对混合收集收运,建立收运成本模型,实现混合收集收运方案的最宜服务半径和各种收运方案在最宜服务半径条件下的成本比较。论文提出环卫分区概念并应用于混合收集收运方案与小型转运站规划布局的优化。
(3)在国内城市居民固体废弃物分类收运试点调查和资料分析基础上,研究了实施分类收集的前提条件和方案,分析了分类收集收运的成本和效益。为加快国内城市居民固体废弃物分类收集提供合理化建议和理论基础。
(4)介绍了地理信息系统(GIS)的概念和空间分析功能,阐述了长沙市环卫设施规划中中心城区居民固体废弃物小型转运站布局规划,并对传统废弃物小型转运站布局的方法进行分析与评价。描述随着计算机和GIS的发展,GIS的空间分析方法在选址布局规划中的应用,给城市公共基础设施规划带来的优势。
(5)综述城市居民固体废弃物小型转运站布局原则、方法,考虑对废弃物小型转运站选址规划有影响的土地使用性质、人口数量、人口密度、居民固体废弃物收运量、道路交通等相关因素,提出城市土地利用、人口分布非均质情况下基于环卫分区的人口密度合理性标准,并以成本最低的服务半径作为废弃物小型转运站设施布局合理的指标,建立长沙中心城区居民固体废弃物小型转运站分布的空间图形和相对应的属性数据,设计基于GIS的废弃物小型转运站优化布局计算机实现程序,确定选址最优区位和服务范围。从小型转运站收运服务面积覆盖百分比及成本等方面,对长沙中心城区居民固体废弃物小型转运站现状、长沙市环卫设施规划和基于GIS的废弃物小型转运站优化布局规划方案进行比较,给出综合评价。提出实现城市居民固体废弃物收运优化布局措施建议,为城市居民固体废弃物小型转运站规划管理提供技术辅助。
(6)从管理角度出发,研究和探讨城市居民固体废弃物收运管理的特点,作为一种环境管理,环境效益是收运管理的首要目标。通过论述管理决策系统的概念和组成要素,阐述收运管理系统的决策内容和目标,对城市居民居民固体废弃物收运运营决策系统功能进行了分析和结构设计。强调应用GIS在信息收集整理、数据分析和结果输出方面有很强优势,使静态规划变为动态规划。同时对收运系统管理作用机制如诱导机制、刺激机制、强制机制进行了研究,比较了目前国内外收运管理体制的四种模式,指出企业化、产业化是收运系统管理的发展趋势,提出长沙市居民固体废弃物收运管理体制和运营机制建议,对城市居民固体废弃物管理部门和决策者具有一定的参考价值。
Nowadays there are increasingly complex ingredients of urban resident solid wastes and consequently accumulating production, resulting in the issue of residents wastes being given much attention.The management of residential solid wastes mainly consists of receiving and transporting management. This paper systematically studies various factors influencing collection and transportation management and compares collecting and transporting methods, constructing collecting and transporting model based on mathematics, as well as studies of optimized site selection of small urban resident solid wastes collecting and transporting station based on GIS. In the collection and transportation planning and managing of municipal residents solid waste in central district of Changsha city, it realizes the lower cost of urban solid waste collection and transportation and the most appropriate service radius model, designs computer implementation procedures, and actualizes quantitative analysis of city land use and the location of small waste transmit station in the condition of anistrope distribution of population. The urban solid waste collection and transportation management technical support. It also offers technical support to the urban solid waste collection and transportation management, widening the application area GIS in urban public infrastructure services from the aspect of special anlysis.
The main studies are as follows:
(1)Introduces the context and reasons to chose this theme, and illustrates the problems faced by the site selection of urban solid waste collection and transportation stations. Based on quantities of Access to the actual research and documentation, it analyses the factors influencing the quantity and elements of urban solid wastes, and proposes study framework focused on Changsha City central district urban solid wastes collection and transportation management.
(2)Via studies of the whole process in urban solid wastes collection and transportation and analysis of domestic and international status, brings out ten kinds of urban collection and transportation schemes for mixed and classified collecting of urban solid wastes collection and transportation. as to mixed collecting and transporting,constructs models of the cost of collecting and transporting, realizing the most appropriate service radius and contrasting the cost of all kinds of collecting and transporting schemes in the most appropriate service radius. For the first time, this paper advocates the term of environmental sanitation zoning and applies it to the optimization of the mixed collecting and transporting schemes and the planning and location of small-scale transmit station.
(3)On the basis of investigation on selected domestic urban solid wastes classified collecting and transporting stations and analyzing on materials,it studies the prerequisites and classification principles for implementation of classified collecting, and analyses the costs and profits of classified collecting and transporting. It provides rationalized proposals and theoretical basis to speed up domestic urban solid waste separation and collection.
(4)Introduces the term of GIS and the function of spatial analysis, and illustrates the site selection of small-scale urban solid wastes collection and transportation station in Changsha City environmental sanitation plan. Makes analysis and evaluation of ideas and methods of traditional small-scale urban solid waste collection and transportation station location. Describes how geographic information systems spatial analysis is applied in site planning, and what advantages it brings to urban infrastructure planning with the development of computers and GIS.
(5)Summarizes the principles and methods in site selection of downtown urban solid wastes collection and transportation station,considers factors influencing the site selection of it,such as land-use characters,population distribution,population density,quantity of solid wastes collected and transported and transportation. Proposed a reasonable standard for population density based on environment sanitation zoning in the case of urban land use, anistrope population distribution, and makes the lowest cost service radius as an indicator to decide whether the location of small-scale waste transfer station is reasonable. constitutes the spatial images and related characteristic statistics of Changsha City's central district small-scale solid waste collecting station location,constructs computer realizing program and planning system based on GIS support for optimizing the urban solid wastes collection and transportation station location, and then decides optimized location area and service scale. In terms of covering proportion and costs of small-scale solid waste collecting station, makes contrast of the recent situation of Changsha central district small solid waste collecting station, environmental sanitation planning and optimizing location schemes, thus offers summary evaluation, and gives advices on implementation measures, so as to assist managing decision in urban solid wastes collection and transportation station planning technically.
(6)From the point of management, it studies and discusses the characteristics of urban solid wastes collection and transportation management. As an environmental management, environmental effectiveness is the primary objective of collection and transportation management.Via discussing the concepts and elements in management decision-making systems, analyzes the decision-making content and objectives in collection and transportation management system, proposes an overall design for urban solid waste collection and transportation. Emphasizes the application of GIS into information collecting, data analyzing and the resulting outputting has a strong advantage, in order to change the static planning into a dynamic programming. At the same time, the role of collection and transportation system management mechanisms such as induction mechanisms, incentives mechanisms, and enforcement mechanisms have been studied. Compares four patterns in collection and transportation management system in and abroad at present, and points out the enterprise and industrialization is the trend the collection and transportation management system would develop into.The paper also goes deep into discussing the collection and transportation management and operation systems, analyzing the responsibilities in urban solid wastes collection and transportation management and operation systems systematically,and proposes advices on measures to ensure the fulfilling of the managing goals and the service qualities, therefore, it will be valuable on some degrees as a reference for city urban solid wastes managing department and decision-makers.
本文的主要研究成果如下：
(1)介绍选题的背景,阐述城市居民固体废弃物小型收运站布局面临的问题。以实际调研和文献资料查阅为基础,分析了城市居民固体废弃物收运量和成分的影响因素,对城市居民固体废弃物产量和成分进行预测分析,针对长沙中心城区居民固体废弃物收运管理提出研究框架。
(2)通过对居民固体废弃物收运系统全过程研究和国内外现状分析,提出城市居民固体废弃物混合收集和分类收集的十种收运方案。对混合收集收运,建立收运成本模型,实现混合收集收运方案的最宜服务半径和各种收运方案在最宜服务半径条件下的成本比较。论文提出环卫分区概念并应用于混合收集收运方案与小型转运站规划布局的优化。
(3)在国内城市居民固体废弃物分类收运试点调查和资料分析基础上,研究了实施分类收集的前提条件和方案,分析了分类收集收运的成本和效益。为加快国内城市居民固体废弃物分类收集提供合理化建议和理论基础。
(4)介绍了地理信息系统(GIS)的概念和空间分析功能,阐述了长沙市环卫设施规划中中心城区居民固体废弃物小型转运站布局规划,并对传统废弃物小型转运站布局的方法进行分析与评价。描述随着计算机和GIS的发展,GIS的空间分析方法在选址布局规划中的应用,给城市公共基础设施规划带来的优势。
(5)综述城市居民固体废弃物小型转运站布局原则、方法,考虑对废弃物小型转运站选址规划有影响的土地使用性质、人口数量、人口密度、居民固体废弃物收运量、道路交通等相关因素,提出城市土地利用、人口分布非均质情况下基于环卫分区的人口密度合理性标准,并以成本最低的服务半径作为废弃物小型转运站设施布局合理的指标,建立长沙中心城区居民固体废弃物小型转运站分布的空间图形和相对应的属性数据,设计基于GIS的废弃物小型转运站优化布局计算机实现程序,确定选址最优区位和服务范围。从小型转运站收运服务面积覆盖百分比及成本等方面,对长沙中心城区居民固体废弃物小型转运站现状、长沙市环卫设施规划和基于GIS的废弃物小型转运站优化布局规划方案进行比较,给出综合评价。提出实现城市居民固体废弃物收运优化布局措施建议,为城市居民固体废弃物小型转运站规划管理提供技术辅助。
(6)从管理角度出发,研究和探讨城市居民固体废弃物收运管理的特点,作为一种环境管理,环境效益是收运管理的首要目标。通过论述管理决策系统的概念和组成要素,阐述收运管理系统的决策内容和目标,对城市居民居民固体废弃物收运运营决策系统功能进行了分析和结构设计。强调应用GIS在信息收集整理、数据分析和结果输出方面有很强优势,使静态规划变为动态规划。同时对收运系统管理作用机制如诱导机制、刺激机制、强制机制进行了研究,比较了目前国内外收运管理体制的四种模式,指出企业化、产业化是收运系统管理的发展趋势,提出长沙市居民固体废弃物收运管理体制和运营机制建议,对城市居民固体废弃物管理部门和决策者具有一定的参考价值。
Nowadays there are increasingly complex ingredients of urban resident solid wastes and consequently accumulating production, resulting in the issue of residents wastes being given much attention.The management of residential solid wastes mainly consists of receiving and transporting management. This paper systematically studies various factors influencing collection and transportation management and compares collecting and transporting methods, constructing collecting and transporting model based on mathematics, as well as studies of optimized site selection of small urban resident solid wastes collecting and transporting station based on GIS. In the collection and transportation planning and managing of municipal residents solid waste in central district of Changsha city, it realizes the lower cost of urban solid waste collection and transportation and the most appropriate service radius model, designs computer implementation procedures, and actualizes quantitative analysis of city land use and the location of small waste transmit station in the condition of anistrope distribution of population. The urban solid waste collection and transportation management technical support. It also offers technical support to the urban solid waste collection and transportation management, widening the application area GIS in urban public infrastructure services from the aspect of special anlysis.
The main studies are as follows:
(1)Introduces the context and reasons to chose this theme, and illustrates the problems faced by the site selection of urban solid waste collection and transportation stations. Based on quantities of Access to the actual research and documentation, it analyses the factors influencing the quantity and elements of urban solid wastes, and proposes study framework focused on Changsha City central district urban solid wastes collection and transportation management.
(2)Via studies of the whole process in urban solid wastes collection and transportation and analysis of domestic and international status, brings out ten kinds of urban collection and transportation schemes for mixed and classified collecting of urban solid wastes collection and transportation. as to mixed collecting and transporting,constructs models of the cost of collecting and transporting, realizing the most appropriate service radius and contrasting the cost of all kinds of collecting and transporting schemes in the most appropriate service radius. For the first time, this paper advocates the term of environmental sanitation zoning and applies it to the optimization of the mixed collecting and transporting schemes and the planning and location of small-scale transmit station.
(3)On the basis of investigation on selected domestic urban solid wastes classified collecting and transporting stations and analyzing on materials,it studies the prerequisites and classification principles for implementation of classified collecting, and analyses the costs and profits of classified collecting and transporting. It provides rationalized proposals and theoretical basis to speed up domestic urban solid waste separation and collection.
(4)Introduces the term of GIS and the function of spatial analysis, and illustrates the site selection of small-scale urban solid wastes collection and transportation station in Changsha City environmental sanitation plan. Makes analysis and evaluation of ideas and methods of traditional small-scale urban solid waste collection and transportation station location. Describes how geographic information systems spatial analysis is applied in site planning, and what advantages it brings to urban infrastructure planning with the development of computers and GIS.
(5)Summarizes the principles and methods in site selection of downtown urban solid wastes collection and transportation station,considers factors influencing the site selection of it,such as land-use characters,population distribution,population density,quantity of solid wastes collected and transported and transportation. Proposed a reasonable standard for population density based on environment sanitation zoning in the case of urban land use, anistrope population distribution, and makes the lowest cost service radius as an indicator to decide whether the location of small-scale waste transfer station is reasonable. constitutes the spatial images and related characteristic statistics of Changsha City's central district small-scale solid waste collecting station location,constructs computer realizing program and planning system based on GIS support for optimizing the urban solid wastes collection and transportation station location, and then decides optimized location area and service scale. In terms of covering proportion and costs of small-scale solid waste collecting station, makes contrast of the recent situation of Changsha central district small solid waste collecting station, environmental sanitation planning and optimizing location schemes, thus offers summary evaluation, and gives advices on implementation measures, so as to assist managing decision in urban solid wastes collection and transportation station planning technically.
(6)From the point of management, it studies and discusses the characteristics of urban solid wastes collection and transportation management. As an environmental management, environmental effectiveness is the primary objective of collection and transportation management.Via discussing the concepts and elements in management decision-making systems, analyzes the decision-making content and objectives in collection and transportation management system, proposes an overall design for urban solid waste collection and transportation. Emphasizes the application of GIS into information collecting, data analyzing and the resulting outputting has a strong advantage, in order to change the static planning into a dynamic programming. At the same time, the role of collection and transportation system management mechanisms such as induction mechanisms, incentives mechanisms, and enforcement mechanisms have been studied. Compares four patterns in collection and transportation management system in and abroad at present, and points out the enterprise and industrialization is the trend the collection and transportation management system would develop into.The paper also goes deep into discussing the collection and transportation management and operation systems, analyzing the responsibilities in urban solid wastes collection and transportation management and operation systems systematically,and proposes advices on measures to ensure the fulfilling of the managing goals and the service qualities, therefore, it will be valuable on some degrees as a reference for city urban solid wastes managing department and decision-makers.
引文
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