0-3周龄黄羽肉鸡菜粕、棉粕、麦麸、米糠净能测定及其对生长性能、氮利用率的影响
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摘要
本研究包括两个试验,试验一旨在通过比较屠宰试验结合回归法和套算法,实测0～3周龄康达尔黄羽肉公鸡菜粕、棉粕、麦麸、米糠的净能(netenergy,NE)值,试验二通过考察相同NE水平的不同日粮组成对0～3周龄黄羽肉公鸡生产性能及氮利用率的影响,验证实测NE值和所用NE需要量的准确性。
试验一原料净能值的测定
原料NE值通过维持净能(NEm)+沉积净能(NEp)的方法测定,在比较屠宰法的基础上,NEm用回归法,NEp用套算法。选用预饲5.5 d饥饿36 h后体重为(62.87±2.1)g的7 d龄健康康达尔黄羽肉公鸡190只,10只鸡作为零对照组屠宰,60只用于NEm测定,120只用于NEp测定。其中NEm测定设自由采食和在自由采食基础上限饲20%、40%、60%、80%五个处理,NEp测定设4个基础日粮和6个顶替日粮共计10个处理。每个处理6个重复,每个重复2只鸡,试验期为7～14 d龄。根据回归公式HP=a×ebMEnI,计算出a、b值,其中a即为NEm：根据试验初和试验末鸡体能量之差计算NEp。通过NEm和NEp之和得到原料的NE值,再用套算公式：NE={替代后日粮总净能-基础日粮总净能×(1-顶替比例)}/顶替比例,计算出单个原料NE值。结果表明：0～3周龄康达尔黄羽肉鸡NEm为428.12KJ/kg BW0.75perd,玉米、豆粕、麦麸、米糠、菜粕、棉粕的NE值分别为11.49、7.62、5.20、9.86、4.90、5.22 MJ/kg DM。
试验二相同净能水平的不同日粮组成对0～3周龄黄羽肉公鸡生产性能及氮利用率的影响
试验二选用1日龄体重为(38.83±2.30)g的健康康达尔黄羽肉公鸡360只,设玉米-豆粕日粮组,以及在此基础上分别添加20%麦麸、20%米糠、10%菜粕、10%棉粕和混合添加10%麦麸10%米糠及7%菜粕7%棉粕6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,试验期21 d；并在2周龄时每个重复选择2只中间体重的鸡进行代谢试验。通过饲养试验和代谢试验,考察相同NE和真可消化赖氨酸(true digestible Lysine,TDLys)水平的不同组成日粮,对0～3周龄黄羽肉鸡生产性能和氮沉积的影响。结果表明：各处理之间料重比(F/G)无显著差异(P>0.05),平均日增重(ADG)和(平均日采食量)ADFI除混合添加组外,其他各处理组与玉米。豆粕组比也无显著差异(P>0.05)；氮沉积量除棉粕添加组略高外,其它各处理组与玉米豆粕组也无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明用比较屠宰试验结合回归法和套算法测得的原料NE值比较准确；按照于叶娜提出的NE和TDLys需要量配制饲粮,可以达到其试验相同的生产水平。
Two experiments were designed in this study. Experiment 1 was conducted to assay the net energy (NE) of rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat bran and rice bran by comparative slaughter method combined with regression and substitution methods, and the accuracy of feed NE values and the NE requirement of the broiler were validated in Experiment 2. Experimentl Determination of the NEs of Rapeseed meal, Cottonseed meal, Wheat
Bran and Rice Bran for 0～3-week-old Yellow Plumage Broiler NE was calculated as NE for maintenance (NEm) plus NE for deposition(NEp). The values of NEm were evaluated by regression method and the values of NEp were measured by the method of substitution.190 7-d-old (empty body weight 62.87±2.1g, fasted 36 hours) yellow broiler chicken were used in the experiment.10 birds were killed as control.60 birds were used in regression method to determine the NEms.120 birds were used to determine the NEps of rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat bran and rice bran in comparative slaughter method. NEm were evaluated with one ad libitum feeding group and four restricted feeding treatments (20%,40%,60%,80% of the whole ad libitum feeding value) and NEp were evaluated with ten treatments (four basal diets and six replacement diets). Each treatment has six replications of two chickens. The experimental lasted from 7 to 14 days of age (total 7 days). The net energy requirement for maintenance were 428.12KJ/kg BW0.75 per d for 0～21-d-old Yellow Plumage Broiler at 30±2℃circumstance.NEs of corn, soybean meal,rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat bran and rice bran were 11.49,7.62,5.20,9.86,4.90, 5.22 MJ/kgDM, respectively. (using regression method, NEm=428.12KJ/kgBW0.75*d) Experiment2 Effects of Different Diets on Performance and Nitrogen Utilization for 0～3-week-old Yellow Plumage Broiler 360 1-day-old male broilers with an average weight of 38.8±2.3 g were randomly allocated into 6 treatments with 6 replicates of 10 chickens, feeding on corn-soybean meal diets(basal diets) and the different ratios basal diets with the addition of 20% wheat bran,20% rice bran,10% rapeseed meal, and 10% cottonseed meal, or with the mixed addition of 10% wheat bran and 10% rice bran,7% cottonseed meal and 7% rapeseed meal, respectively. The experiment lasted 21 days. Body weight and feed intake were measured on the 1st and 21st day, respectively, to monitor the average daily gain(ADG), average daily feed intake(ADFI), feed/gain ratio(F/G) and nitrogen utilization. The feeding experiment showed that F/G was not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). There were no differences (P>0.05) in ADG and ADFI among treatments except the mixing group compared with corn-soybean meal diet (P<0.01). Nitrogen deposition in cottonseed meal treatment were a little higher(P<0.05) than that in other treatments, but there were no differences among other treatments(P> 0.05). The accuracy of the NE values could be assayed by comparative slaughter method combined with regression and substitution methods and and the formulated diet which NE and TDLys requirement suggested by YU can achieve the same performance.
试验一原料净能值的测定
原料NE值通过维持净能(NEm)+沉积净能(NEp)的方法测定,在比较屠宰法的基础上,NEm用回归法,NEp用套算法。选用预饲5.5 d饥饿36 h后体重为(62.87±2.1)g的7 d龄健康康达尔黄羽肉公鸡190只,10只鸡作为零对照组屠宰,60只用于NEm测定,120只用于NEp测定。其中NEm测定设自由采食和在自由采食基础上限饲20%、40%、60%、80%五个处理,NEp测定设4个基础日粮和6个顶替日粮共计10个处理。每个处理6个重复,每个重复2只鸡,试验期为7～14 d龄。根据回归公式HP=a×ebMEnI,计算出a、b值,其中a即为NEm：根据试验初和试验末鸡体能量之差计算NEp。通过NEm和NEp之和得到原料的NE值,再用套算公式：NE={替代后日粮总净能-基础日粮总净能×(1-顶替比例)}/顶替比例,计算出单个原料NE值。结果表明：0～3周龄康达尔黄羽肉鸡NEm为428.12KJ/kg BW0.75perd,玉米、豆粕、麦麸、米糠、菜粕、棉粕的NE值分别为11.49、7.62、5.20、9.86、4.90、5.22 MJ/kg DM。
试验二相同净能水平的不同日粮组成对0～3周龄黄羽肉公鸡生产性能及氮利用率的影响
试验二选用1日龄体重为(38.83±2.30)g的健康康达尔黄羽肉公鸡360只,设玉米-豆粕日粮组,以及在此基础上分别添加20%麦麸、20%米糠、10%菜粕、10%棉粕和混合添加10%麦麸10%米糠及7%菜粕7%棉粕6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,试验期21 d；并在2周龄时每个重复选择2只中间体重的鸡进行代谢试验。通过饲养试验和代谢试验,考察相同NE和真可消化赖氨酸(true digestible Lysine,TDLys)水平的不同组成日粮,对0～3周龄黄羽肉鸡生产性能和氮沉积的影响。结果表明：各处理之间料重比(F/G)无显著差异(P>0.05),平均日增重(ADG)和(平均日采食量)ADFI除混合添加组外,其他各处理组与玉米。豆粕组比也无显著差异(P>0.05)；氮沉积量除棉粕添加组略高外,其它各处理组与玉米豆粕组也无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明用比较屠宰试验结合回归法和套算法测得的原料NE值比较准确；按照于叶娜提出的NE和TDLys需要量配制饲粮,可以达到其试验相同的生产水平。
Two experiments were designed in this study. Experiment 1 was conducted to assay the net energy (NE) of rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat bran and rice bran by comparative slaughter method combined with regression and substitution methods, and the accuracy of feed NE values and the NE requirement of the broiler were validated in Experiment 2. Experimentl Determination of the NEs of Rapeseed meal, Cottonseed meal, Wheat
Bran and Rice Bran for 0～3-week-old Yellow Plumage Broiler NE was calculated as NE for maintenance (NEm) plus NE for deposition(NEp). The values of NEm were evaluated by regression method and the values of NEp were measured by the method of substitution.190 7-d-old (empty body weight 62.87±2.1g, fasted 36 hours) yellow broiler chicken were used in the experiment.10 birds were killed as control.60 birds were used in regression method to determine the NEms.120 birds were used to determine the NEps of rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat bran and rice bran in comparative slaughter method. NEm were evaluated with one ad libitum feeding group and four restricted feeding treatments (20%,40%,60%,80% of the whole ad libitum feeding value) and NEp were evaluated with ten treatments (four basal diets and six replacement diets). Each treatment has six replications of two chickens. The experimental lasted from 7 to 14 days of age (total 7 days). The net energy requirement for maintenance were 428.12KJ/kg BW0.75 per d for 0～21-d-old Yellow Plumage Broiler at 30±2℃circumstance.NEs of corn, soybean meal,rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat bran and rice bran were 11.49,7.62,5.20,9.86,4.90, 5.22 MJ/kgDM, respectively. (using regression method, NEm=428.12KJ/kgBW0.75*d) Experiment2 Effects of Different Diets on Performance and Nitrogen Utilization for 0～3-week-old Yellow Plumage Broiler 360 1-day-old male broilers with an average weight of 38.8±2.3 g were randomly allocated into 6 treatments with 6 replicates of 10 chickens, feeding on corn-soybean meal diets(basal diets) and the different ratios basal diets with the addition of 20% wheat bran,20% rice bran,10% rapeseed meal, and 10% cottonseed meal, or with the mixed addition of 10% wheat bran and 10% rice bran,7% cottonseed meal and 7% rapeseed meal, respectively. The experiment lasted 21 days. Body weight and feed intake were measured on the 1st and 21st day, respectively, to monitor the average daily gain(ADG), average daily feed intake(ADFI), feed/gain ratio(F/G) and nitrogen utilization. The feeding experiment showed that F/G was not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). There were no differences (P>0.05) in ADG and ADFI among treatments except the mixing group compared with corn-soybean meal diet (P<0.01). Nitrogen deposition in cottonseed meal treatment were a little higher(P<0.05) than that in other treatments, but there were no differences among other treatments(P> 0.05). The accuracy of the NE values could be assayed by comparative slaughter method combined with regression and substitution methods and and the formulated diet which NE and TDLys requirement suggested by YU can achieve the same performance.
引文
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[2]Hoffmann,L.and Schiemann,R.. Verdaulichkeit und Energiekennzahlen von Futterstoffen beim Huhn[J]. Archiv Tierernahrung.1971,21:65-81.
[3]Noblet J, Fortune H, Shi X S, et al. Prediction of net energy value of feeds for grow ing pigs[J]. Anim Sci,1994,72:344-354.
[4]Noblet, J. Digestive and metabolic utilization of energy in swine:Application to energ y Evaluation systems [J]. J. Appl. Anim. Res.2000,17:113-132
[5]Noblet, J and J van Milgen. Energy value of pig feeds:Effect of pig body weigh and energy evalua--tion system [J]. J. Anim. Sci.82 (E. Suppl.),2004:E229-E238
[6]桓宗锦.肉鸡玉米和豆粕净能的测定及其预测模型的建立[D].雅安：四川农业大学.2009.
[7]王骁.回归法测定维持净能及蛋白饲料沉积净能测定中适宜替代比例的研究[D].雅安：四川农业大学.2009.
[8]张正帆.O-3周龄黄羽肉鸡的豆粕净能傅里叶近红外及化学成分预测模型[D].雅安：四川农业大学,2010.
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