产蛋高峰期后蛋鸡日粮添加复合酶制剂的效应及其机制研究
|
摘要
本研究探讨了日粮中添加复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰期后的蛋鸡经济性状影响的机制,分析了蛋鸡生产性能的变化与其抗氧化功能、免疫功能、消化道环境及微生物区系变化的关系。试验选择540只37周龄健康、体重相近、产蛋性能基本一致的海兰褐壳蛋鸡随机分为4个处理组:(A)基础日粮(对照组);(B)基础日粮+0.1 %复合酶制剂;(C)基础日粮+0.2 %复合酶制剂;(D)基础日粮+0.3 %复合酶制剂。试验期56 d。试验结果表明:
1、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后的蛋鸡生产性能的影响
日粮添加不同水平的复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后期蛋鸡的产蛋率、蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋黄重量、蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位等均没有显著影响(P>0.05);日粮添加复合酶制剂对蛋鸡料蛋比的影响效果不显著(P>0.05)。
2、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道形态学的影响
日粮添加不同复合酶水平对蛋鸡肠道绒毛高度的影响不显著(P>0.05)。复合酶制剂提高了肠道V/C值(P<0.05),使隐窝深度变浅(P>0.05),随复合酶水平增大V/C增加及隐窝变浅的趋势。复合酶也有降低肠壁厚度的趋势,但存在剂量问题,过高的复合酶水平可能会使肠壁厚度增加。
3、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道相对重量的影响
日粮复合酶水平对蛋鸡消化道相对重量影响不显著(P>0.05);41周龄时,复合酶可显著降低蛋鸡空肠相对长度(P < 0.05),0.3 %的添加水平降低的幅度最大;45周龄时,复合酶可显著提高空肠相对长度(P < 0.05)。
4、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道内容物pH的影响
复合酶对蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠的pH值影响不显著(P > 0.05),但有提高肌胃、盲肠pH和降低十二指肠、空肠和回肠pH的趋势。
5、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道总蛋白酶活力的影响
复合酶显著提高蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠的总蛋白酶活性(P< 0.05)。其中0.3 %的复合酶制剂添加水平的复合酶与对照组相比,显著提高了蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠的总蛋白酶活性(P < 0.05)。
6、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道内容物和粪便微生物区系的影响
添加复合酶制剂可以减少盲肠和粪便中大肠杆菌数,提高盲肠和粪便中乳酸杆菌菌群的数量。41周龄时,0.3%的添加水平可以显著减少盲肠内容物中大肠菌群的数量,且差异显著(P< 0.05),0.2%的添加水平可以显著减少粪便中大肠菌群的数量,且差异显著(P< 0.05)。45周龄时,0.2 %,0.3 %的添加水平可以显著提高粪便中乳酸菌菌落的数量,且差异显著(P< 0.05)。
7、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡血清抗氧化酶活力及主要代谢激素水平的影响
日粮复合酶具有降低蛋鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)含量和提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的趋势。41周龄时,显著提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平(P< 0.05);45周龄蛋鸡血清GSH-px、SOD、T-AOC含量影响差异不显著(P > 0.05)对血清中GH、T3和T4影响差异不显著(P > 0.05)。
8、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡免疫指标的影响
41周龄时, 0.2 %和0.3 %的复合酶制剂添加水平与对照组相比,提高了新城疫(ND)抗体滴度,差异显著(P < 0.05);0.1 %和0.3 %的添加水平和对照组相比,提高了禽流感(H9)抗体滴度,差异显著(P < 0.05)。45周龄时,0.2 %和0.3 %的添加水平和对照组相比,提高了新城疫抗体滴度,差异显著(P<0.05);提高了禽流感(H9)抗体滴度,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
结论:试验表明:对产蛋高峰期过后的蛋鸡,在营养总体平衡的常规日粮中,再添加复合酶制剂饲喂,其经济性状的改良效应不明显。主要原因在于:此期产蛋鸡的经济性状的变化受日粮因素影响的敏感性较产蛋高峰期有明显的下降,其代偿性较强;日粮中添加复合酶制剂不会明显改善此期蛋鸡消化道环境和形态,抗氧化能力和主要代谢激素水平。即便提高了蛋鸡肠道蛋白酶活性、免疫功能,降低了有害菌群数量,但这些效应对健康蛋鸡而言,均未达到改善其生产性能的效果。故在生产实践中,对饲喂营养平衡的常规日粮的产蛋高峰过后蛋鸡,添加复合酶制剂的必要性值得商榷。
This study investigated the effects and mechanism of different dietary enzyme levels after laying peak, analysis of the performance of laying hens changes in antioxidant function, immune function, gastrointestinal environment and microbial flora change. 540 healthy 37 weeks Highland brown egg layer were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups: (A) basal diet (control group); (B) basal diet + 0.1% enzyme preparation; (C ) basal diet + 0.2% enzyme preparation; (D) basal diet supplemented with 0.3% enzyme preparation. A period of 56 d in the feeding trial.
The results showed that:
1. complex enzyme in peak egg production performance of laying hens
Different levels of dietary enzyme complex on the late peak laying rate, had no significant effect of egg weight(P> 0.05); had no significant effect on the egg shape index, yolk weight, egg shell thickness, Hastelloy Unit (P> 0.05); complex enzyme was not significant(P> 0.05) on the egg ration.
2.enzyme preparation on the the intestinal morphology after laying peak of hens
Adding different levels of dietary enzyme was not significant on the intestinal villi height of laying hens (P> 0.05). Improved the intestinal enzyme complex V / C value (P <0.05), crypt depth shallower (P> 0.05), with the enzyme level increased V / C increase and the trend of recess. Enzyme also had the trend of reducing the wall thickness, high enzyme levels may cause bowel wall thickness.
3.enzyme preparation on the relative weight of intestine of hens afer laying peak
Dietary enzyme had no significant difference (P>0.05) for 41 and 45 weeks hen,s relative weight of digestive tract layers; 41 weeks, significantly reduced the relative length of the jejunum (P <0.05), 0.3 % of the added level reduced maximum amplitude; 45 weeks, the enzyme can significantly improve the relative length of the jejunum (P <0.05).
4. enzyme preparation on the pH of intestinal contents of laying hens after laying peak
41 weeks,there were no significant difference on muscular stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum pH (P > 0.05), 41 weeks, increased muscular stomach, cecum pH, lower duodenum, jejunum and ileum pH. 45 weeks , there were no significant difference on muscular stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum pH (P > 0.05), increased muscular stomach, ileum, and cecum pH.
5.enzyme preparation on the total protease activity of intestinal of laying hens after laying peak
Enzyme increased 41,45 weeks laying hens muscular stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the total protease activity (P <0.05). 0.3% enzyme levels compared with the control group, significantly increased 41,45 weeks laying hens muscular stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the total protease activity (P <0.05).
6.enzyme preparation on the microflora of intestinal contents and faecal of laying hens after laying peak
Enzyme preparations can reduce the number of Escherichia coli in the cecum and feces, increased cecal and fecal flora in the number of lactic acid bacteria. 41 weeks, 0.3% level can significantly reduce the number of coliform bacteria in the cecal content, significant differences (P <0.05).0.2 % of the added level can significantly reduce the amount of fecal coliform, and difference significantly (P <0.05). 47 weeks of age, 0.2 %, 0.3 % of the added level can significantly increase the number of colonies of lactic acid bacteria in feces, and the difference is significant (P <0.05).
7. enzyme preparation on the serum antioxidant enzymes and major metabolic hormone levels of laying hens after laying peak
The level of dietary enzyme layers with lower serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) content and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) trend. 41 weeks, significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels (P <0.05); had no significant difference layers of serum GSH-px, SOD, T-AOC ( P > 0.05) of serum .GH, T3 and T4 were not significantly affected (P> 0.05).
8. enzyme preparation on the immune parameters of laying hens after laying peak
41 weeks, 0.2% and 0.3% of the added levels increased Newcastle disease (ND) antibody titers, the difference was significant (P <0.05); 0.1% and 0.3% adding level increased avian influenza (H9) antibody titers, the difference was significant (P <0.05). 45 weeks, 0.2% and 0.3 % and the control group, increased antibody titer to Newcastle, the difference was significant (P <0.05); improve the avian flu (H9) antibody titers, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that: laying hens after peak, the overall balance in the nutrition diet add complex enzyme, the improvement of their economic effect is not obvious . Main reason: The economic characteristics of laying hens by dietary factors and changes decreased the sensitivity than the peak of egg production significantly, compensatory stronger, diets supplemented with enzyme preparation had no significantly improvement. The digestive tract of the environment and form layers, antioxidant capacity and major metabolic hormones. Even raising the layers of intestinal protease activity, immune function, reducing the amount of harmful bacteria, but these effects on health in terms of laying hens, but had no effect of improving production performance. Therefore, in the production practice of feeding ,nutritionally balanced diet routine after the laying hen egg production peaks, add complex enzyme is questionable.
1、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后的蛋鸡生产性能的影响
日粮添加不同水平的复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后期蛋鸡的产蛋率、蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋黄重量、蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位等均没有显著影响(P>0.05);日粮添加复合酶制剂对蛋鸡料蛋比的影响效果不显著(P>0.05)。
2、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道形态学的影响
日粮添加不同复合酶水平对蛋鸡肠道绒毛高度的影响不显著(P>0.05)。复合酶制剂提高了肠道V/C值(P<0.05),使隐窝深度变浅(P>0.05),随复合酶水平增大V/C增加及隐窝变浅的趋势。复合酶也有降低肠壁厚度的趋势,但存在剂量问题,过高的复合酶水平可能会使肠壁厚度增加。
3、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道相对重量的影响
日粮复合酶水平对蛋鸡消化道相对重量影响不显著(P>0.05);41周龄时,复合酶可显著降低蛋鸡空肠相对长度(P < 0.05),0.3 %的添加水平降低的幅度最大;45周龄时,复合酶可显著提高空肠相对长度(P < 0.05)。
4、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道内容物pH的影响
复合酶对蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠的pH值影响不显著(P > 0.05),但有提高肌胃、盲肠pH和降低十二指肠、空肠和回肠pH的趋势。
5、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道总蛋白酶活力的影响
复合酶显著提高蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠的总蛋白酶活性(P< 0.05)。其中0.3 %的复合酶制剂添加水平的复合酶与对照组相比,显著提高了蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠的总蛋白酶活性(P < 0.05)。
6、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡肠道内容物和粪便微生物区系的影响
添加复合酶制剂可以减少盲肠和粪便中大肠杆菌数,提高盲肠和粪便中乳酸杆菌菌群的数量。41周龄时,0.3%的添加水平可以显著减少盲肠内容物中大肠菌群的数量,且差异显著(P< 0.05),0.2%的添加水平可以显著减少粪便中大肠菌群的数量,且差异显著(P< 0.05)。45周龄时,0.2 %,0.3 %的添加水平可以显著提高粪便中乳酸菌菌落的数量,且差异显著(P< 0.05)。
7、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡血清抗氧化酶活力及主要代谢激素水平的影响
日粮复合酶具有降低蛋鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)含量和提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的趋势。41周龄时,显著提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平(P< 0.05);45周龄蛋鸡血清GSH-px、SOD、T-AOC含量影响差异不显著(P > 0.05)对血清中GH、T3和T4影响差异不显著(P > 0.05)。
8、复合酶制剂对产蛋高峰后蛋鸡免疫指标的影响
41周龄时, 0.2 %和0.3 %的复合酶制剂添加水平与对照组相比,提高了新城疫(ND)抗体滴度,差异显著(P < 0.05);0.1 %和0.3 %的添加水平和对照组相比,提高了禽流感(H9)抗体滴度,差异显著(P < 0.05)。45周龄时,0.2 %和0.3 %的添加水平和对照组相比,提高了新城疫抗体滴度,差异显著(P<0.05);提高了禽流感(H9)抗体滴度,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
结论:试验表明:对产蛋高峰期过后的蛋鸡,在营养总体平衡的常规日粮中,再添加复合酶制剂饲喂,其经济性状的改良效应不明显。主要原因在于:此期产蛋鸡的经济性状的变化受日粮因素影响的敏感性较产蛋高峰期有明显的下降,其代偿性较强;日粮中添加复合酶制剂不会明显改善此期蛋鸡消化道环境和形态,抗氧化能力和主要代谢激素水平。即便提高了蛋鸡肠道蛋白酶活性、免疫功能,降低了有害菌群数量,但这些效应对健康蛋鸡而言,均未达到改善其生产性能的效果。故在生产实践中,对饲喂营养平衡的常规日粮的产蛋高峰过后蛋鸡,添加复合酶制剂的必要性值得商榷。
This study investigated the effects and mechanism of different dietary enzyme levels after laying peak, analysis of the performance of laying hens changes in antioxidant function, immune function, gastrointestinal environment and microbial flora change. 540 healthy 37 weeks Highland brown egg layer were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups: (A) basal diet (control group); (B) basal diet + 0.1% enzyme preparation; (C ) basal diet + 0.2% enzyme preparation; (D) basal diet supplemented with 0.3% enzyme preparation. A period of 56 d in the feeding trial.
The results showed that:
1. complex enzyme in peak egg production performance of laying hens
Different levels of dietary enzyme complex on the late peak laying rate, had no significant effect of egg weight(P> 0.05); had no significant effect on the egg shape index, yolk weight, egg shell thickness, Hastelloy Unit (P> 0.05); complex enzyme was not significant(P> 0.05) on the egg ration.
2.enzyme preparation on the the intestinal morphology after laying peak of hens
Adding different levels of dietary enzyme was not significant on the intestinal villi height of laying hens (P> 0.05). Improved the intestinal enzyme complex V / C value (P <0.05), crypt depth shallower (P> 0.05), with the enzyme level increased V / C increase and the trend of recess. Enzyme also had the trend of reducing the wall thickness, high enzyme levels may cause bowel wall thickness.
3.enzyme preparation on the relative weight of intestine of hens afer laying peak
Dietary enzyme had no significant difference (P>0.05) for 41 and 45 weeks hen,s relative weight of digestive tract layers; 41 weeks, significantly reduced the relative length of the jejunum (P <0.05), 0.3 % of the added level reduced maximum amplitude; 45 weeks, the enzyme can significantly improve the relative length of the jejunum (P <0.05).
4. enzyme preparation on the pH of intestinal contents of laying hens after laying peak
41 weeks,there were no significant difference on muscular stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum pH (P > 0.05), 41 weeks, increased muscular stomach, cecum pH, lower duodenum, jejunum and ileum pH. 45 weeks , there were no significant difference on muscular stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum pH (P > 0.05), increased muscular stomach, ileum, and cecum pH.
5.enzyme preparation on the total protease activity of intestinal of laying hens after laying peak
Enzyme increased 41,45 weeks laying hens muscular stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the total protease activity (P <0.05). 0.3% enzyme levels compared with the control group, significantly increased 41,45 weeks laying hens muscular stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the total protease activity (P <0.05).
6.enzyme preparation on the microflora of intestinal contents and faecal of laying hens after laying peak
Enzyme preparations can reduce the number of Escherichia coli in the cecum and feces, increased cecal and fecal flora in the number of lactic acid bacteria. 41 weeks, 0.3% level can significantly reduce the number of coliform bacteria in the cecal content, significant differences (P <0.05).0.2 % of the added level can significantly reduce the amount of fecal coliform, and difference significantly (P <0.05). 47 weeks of age, 0.2 %, 0.3 % of the added level can significantly increase the number of colonies of lactic acid bacteria in feces, and the difference is significant (P <0.05).
7. enzyme preparation on the serum antioxidant enzymes and major metabolic hormone levels of laying hens after laying peak
The level of dietary enzyme layers with lower serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) content and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) trend. 41 weeks, significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels (P <0.05); had no significant difference layers of serum GSH-px, SOD, T-AOC ( P > 0.05) of serum .GH, T3 and T4 were not significantly affected (P> 0.05).
8. enzyme preparation on the immune parameters of laying hens after laying peak
41 weeks, 0.2% and 0.3% of the added levels increased Newcastle disease (ND) antibody titers, the difference was significant (P <0.05); 0.1% and 0.3% adding level increased avian influenza (H9) antibody titers, the difference was significant (P <0.05). 45 weeks, 0.2% and 0.3 % and the control group, increased antibody titer to Newcastle, the difference was significant (P <0.05); improve the avian flu (H9) antibody titers, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that: laying hens after peak, the overall balance in the nutrition diet add complex enzyme, the improvement of their economic effect is not obvious . Main reason: The economic characteristics of laying hens by dietary factors and changes decreased the sensitivity than the peak of egg production significantly, compensatory stronger, diets supplemented with enzyme preparation had no significantly improvement. The digestive tract of the environment and form layers, antioxidant capacity and major metabolic hormones. Even raising the layers of intestinal protease activity, immune function, reducing the amount of harmful bacteria, but these effects on health in terms of laying hens, but had no effect of improving production performance. Therefore, in the production practice of feeding ,nutritionally balanced diet routine after the laying hen egg production peaks, add complex enzyme is questionable.
引文
艾晓杰,韩正康. 2000.粗酶制剂对雏鹅消化器官发育的影响.西南农业大学学报.22 (3):211~213.
艾晓杰,韩正康. 2002.米糠日粮添加酶制剂对雏鹅消化器官发育的影响.西南农业大学学报.24 (3) :244~246 .
白素君. 1995.复合酶制剂对高龄蛋鸡生产性能的影响.调查报告实验研究.1(总120)期
蔡青和,计成,岳洪源. 2004.玉米豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分消化率及血清生化指标的影响.动物营养学报.(02).15~21.
常巧玲,孙建义. 2005.纤维素酶对奶牛营养的研究.饲料工业.26(4):19~22.
陈丛亮,杨洪勋,杨磊. 2008.半胱胺提高畜禽营养物质消化、吸收和利用率的作用机制探讨.饲料研究.(12).18~21.
陈清华,程天德,周海. 2007.不同日粮能量水平和酶制剂对临武鸭生产性能的影响.饲料工业.28(20):35~38.
陈业文. 2006.制作石蜡组织切片标本的体会.咸宁学院学报(医学版). (3): 210~211.
丁斌鹰,侯永清,严念东. 2008.复合酶制剂对肉仔鸭小肠发育及内脏器官的影响.湖北农业科学.(8).936~938.
丁斌鹰,侯永清,严念东等. 2008.复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉仔鸭小肠黏膜的形态及DNA、RNA含量的影响.华中农业大学学报(自然科学版).(5):634~638.
杜晓惠,王静. 2008.复合酶对蛋鸡产性能及经济效益的影响.养禽与禽病防治.(2):16~17.
范少光,丁桂凤. 1995.神经内分泌与免疫系统之间相互作用的介导物质:共同的生物学语言.生理科学进展.6(2) : 175~183.
甘孟侯. 1999.我国集约化养禽业疾病的发生和防制对策.中国禽业导刊.16(4):5~8.
高大威. 1992.酶制剂在饲料中的应用.饲料工业. (1):28~29.
高峰. 2001.非淀粉多糖酶制剂对鸡、猪生长的影响及其作用机制研究.[博士学位论文].南京:南京农业大学.
高俊勤,江芸,张耀等. 2008.木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠道微生物的影响.草业学报.(5).104~110.
高玉红,李同洲,孙新胜等. 2000.复合酶制剂对早期断奶仔猪饲养效果试验.粮食与饲料工业.(04).1~3.
耿丹,张映,张燕等. 2003.粗酶制剂对肉仔鸡消化酶活性的影响.山西农业科学.31(4):81~83.
何健,冯光德,豆松方,等. 2001.降低蛋鸭日粮营养水平添加酶制剂的应用效果研究.中国家禽. (9):36~38.
何勇,薛立新,李树俊. 2007.我国酶制剂行业的现状与发展建议.精细与专用化学品.(15).1~5.
黄晓亮,刘艳芬,廖建财等. 2009.谷氨酰胺对肉鸡肠道发育及小肠消化酶活性的影响.中国饲料.(14).38~41.
黄晓亮,谢为天,黄银姬等. 2008.复合酶和益生素对肉鸡生产性能及氮、磷利用率的影响.饲料与畜牧.(3). 31~33.
蒋正芳,钟诚. 2006.酶制剂在动物营养中的研究进展.上海畜牧兽医通讯.(6) :13~15
蒋正宇,周岩民,王恬. 2006.外源α-淀粉酶对肉仔鸡消化器官发育及小肠消化酶活性影响的后续效应.中国农学通报.(10). 13~16.
瞿明仁,宋小珍,游金明等. 2004.抗生素替代品对泰和乌骨鸡小肠α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性的影响.经济动物学报.(4).208~210.
李清,毛华明. 2005小肽对鲤鱼免疫力的影响.饲料研究. (5) : 1~3.
李成良. 2009.非淀粉多糖酶对肉鸡生产性能、养分利用率及盲肠微生物的影响.饲料工业.(06)11~13.
李富伟,汤海鸥,汪勇. 2008.饲用酶检测过程中非定义影响因素的分析.饲料广角. (2):38~40.
李国平,周伦江,邵良平等. 1999.日粮中添加复合菌制剂对雏鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数、肠道pH值、血液SOD和GSH-px影响的研究.中国兽医杂志.25(8).
李亚峰,蒋培红. 2008不同剂量小肽营养素对断奶獭兔生长及免疫器官的影响.畜牧与兽医.(8).34~36.
李燕,康相涛,孙桂荣等. 2007.木寡糖对矮脚绿壳蛋鸡肠道长度及形态结构的影响.饲料研究.(12).67~69.
刘海生等. 1998.甲状腺素对动物生长发育的影响.江西农业大学学报.20 (5) : 12~15.
刘燕强,韩正康. 1998.大麦日粮中添加酶制剂对外周血液中代谢激素的影响.中国兽医学报. 18 (6):577 ~580.
刘永海,李大力,杨成丽,等. 2004.植酸酶产生菌的筛选与酶纯化及其性质的研究.工业微生物.34(7):26~29.
龙瑞军,王元素,董世魁等. 2006.异生物素及其代谢物在反刍动物体组织的吸收、运转与分布.草业学报.15 (1) :1~8.
陆承平. 2001.兽医微生物学.北京:中国农业出版社.127~128.
罗长财,冯国华,周镇锋. 2010.饲用植酸酶的作用机理及其应用方法.饲料博览.(1).30~31.
罗士津,瞿明仁,张铁鹰. 2007.复合酶制剂的研究及应用进展.饲料与畜牧.(4).11~15.
马虹,张根华,赵如茜等. 1997 .10日龄肉鸡和蛋鸡血清甲状腺激素和胰岛素水平的比较.中国应用生理学杂志.13 (3) : 271~274.
聂大娃,J.R.Roberts,M.Choct. 2006.商品酶制剂对蛋鸡的鸡蛋和蛋壳质量的影响.饲料与畜牧.(11).53.
牛竹叶,刘福柱等. 2005.复合酶制剂在蛋鸡小麦型日粮中的应用.中国农学报.21(11):29~32.
彭日荷,熊爱生,李贤,等. 2002.应用毕氏酵母高效表达耐高温植酸酶.生物化学与生物物理学报.34(6): 725~730.
彭玉麟. 2003.木聚糖酶在肉仔鸡小麦日粮中的应用及其作用机理的研究[硕士学位论文].北京: 中国农业大学.
戚广州,都海明,王建军等. 2010植酸酶对肉仔鸡生产性能及钙、磷利用率的影响.家畜生态学报.(1).68~74.
钱利纯. 1998.可溶性非淀粉多糖对畜禽消化的影响.中国饲料.(8).23~24.
尚秀国,朱晓萍,罗飞蝶. 2004.寡聚糖在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用.中国畜牧杂志.(8). 14~15.
邵良平,周伦江. 1999.不同剂量甘露寡聚糖对鸡细胞免疫和肠道微生态的影响.福建农业大学学报(自然科学版).28(1).
施安辉,李军训,等.2005.饲用酶制剂的催化机理及其在饲料中的应用.山东食品发酵.(3).8~10.
石宝明,单安山,佟建明.? 2000.寡聚糖对仔猪肠道菌群及生长性能影响的研究.东北农业大学学报.(03) .
宋连喜,周丽荣. 2005.复合酶制剂对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响.家畜生态学报.26 (3):30~32.
宋智娟,张艳铭,廖智慧. 2007.β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡肠道内微生物菌群及pH值的影响.饲料工业.28(22)14~17.
万志生. 2003.饲用酶制剂生产要点.中国饲料.(13).16~17.
汪祖荣.2005.木聚糖酶在肉鸡小麦日粮中作用机理的研究[硕士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学.
王琤韡,瞿明仁.2008.酶制剂在禽类营养中的应用研究进展.家禽科学.(4).12~14.
王景成,杨维仁,杨在宾等. 2009.不同类型日粮添加酶制剂对蛋品质和蛋鸭生产性能的影响.中国粮油学报.(1).90~93.
王清吉,陈伟华,韩正康. 1997.大麦饲粮添加粗酶制剂对雏鸡增重、甲状腺激素水平及免疫力的影响.畜牧与兽医.29 (6) : 243~245.
王晓燕,高秀华,张乃锋. 2008.外源纤维素酶在奶牛营养中的研究进展.中国奶牛.5:21~25.
王新梅,朱文渊.2006.酶制剂在动物营养中的研究进展.上海畜牧兽医通讯. (6):13~15 .
王修启,李春喜,林东康等. 2002.小麦戊聚糖含量及添加木聚糖酶对鸡表观代谢能值和养分消化率的影响.华北农学报.17(4) :104～107.
王振来,路广计,钟艳玲等, 2003.高次粉饲粮中添加木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶对仔猪生长性能和胴体组成的影响.河北畜牧兽医.19 (2) :14~16.
王子旭,余锐萍,陈越等. 2003.日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响.中国兽医科技.33(7):18~21.
夏林,张博,杨芳敏等. 2008.日粮添加甘露寡聚糖对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道微生物群落的影响.上海畜牧兽医通讯.(5).16~17
许梓荣,钱利纯,孙建义等. 1999.高麦麸饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和纤维素酶对肉鸡生长和消化的影响.浙江农业学报.11 (2) : 80~841.
许梓荣,钱利纯. 1999.高麸饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和纤维素酶对肉鸡生长和消化的影响.浙江农业学报.11(2):80~84.
杨凤. 2004.动物营养学.北京.中国农业出版社.147~149.
杨国桃. 2004.大麦型日粮添加复合酶对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响.浙江畜牧兽医.(1):21.
杨继生,肖啸,杨美兰等. 2007.复合酶制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响.动物医学进展.(S1).
姚斌,范云六. 2000.植酸酶的分子生物学与基因基因工程.生物工程学报.16(1):1~5.
姚斌.张春义.王建华等. 1998.高效表达具有生物学活性的植酸酶的毕赤酵母.中国科学.28(3):237~243.
叶冰,王运吉,张苓花. 2002.植酸酶毕赤酵母基因工程菌高密度发酵.大连轻工业学院学报.21(3):193-196.
易中华,王晓霞,计成等. 2005.植酸酶和复合酶对肉鸡生产性能及氮、磷利用的影响.家畜生态学报.(1). 43~48.
尹兆正,钱利纯. 2005.高麸加酶替代玉米饲粮对肉鸡生长性能的影响.浙江农业学报.17(4):191~195.
袁玖.2006.溢多酶对蛋鸡、肉鸡的生产效果及其作用机理研究[硕士学位论文].杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
占秀安,胡彩虹,许梓荣. 2003.果寡糖对肉鸡生长、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响.中国兽医学报.(2).196~198.
张丞,呙于明,李武.2003 .异麦芽寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道生理生化指标的影响.河北畜牧兽医.(2).12~13.
张耿,朱伟,刘相玉等. 2007.延胡索酸二钠对瘤胃微生物体外发酵不同饲料成分的影响.草业学报.16 (1) :112~117.
张华琦,杨伟春. 2009.非淀粉多糖酶的作用机制及在家禽生产中的应用.饲料研究.(11).45~47.
张民,戴求仲,周莉芬等.2010不同类型复合酶对产蛋鸡生产性能及玉米-杂粕型日粮中营养成分消化率影响的研究.?饲料工业31(2):9~13.
张强,杜忍让,卢平祥等.2006.复合酶制剂对蛋鸡生产性能影响的试验研究.陕西农业科学. (4):59~70.
赵春,朱忠和,李勤凡等. 2007.不同剂型植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能和钙、磷利用率的影响.动物营养学报.19 (6) :714~718.
赵德英,荏亚青,任德胜等. 2001.酶制剂在蛋鸡小麦型日粮中的应用.中国家禽.(24):15.
赵华,王康宁. 2002.肉鸡饲用酶制剂研究进展.饲料博览.(11) :35~37.
赵敏,李长忠. 2007.非淀粉多糖酶在家禽玉米一豆粕型日粮中的应用.安徽农业科学.35 (11) :3269-3270.
赵燕飞,汪以真. 2004.饲用酶制剂及其应用中应注意的问题.饲料研究. (2) 25~27.
周娟,杨焕民,姜宁等. 2007.纤维素酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和营养物质利用的影响.黑龙江畜牧兽医.(3).42~43.
朱元招,刘亚力等.2001.两种配方的酶制剂在蛋鸡日粮中的应用价值.粮食与饲料工业.(8):34~36.
Inborr J. 1990.Enzymes:catalystsforpigperformance.Feed Management.41:22~30.
A Brenes, R R Marquardt,W Guenter and A Viveros. 2002.Effect of enzyme addition on the performance and gastrointestinal tract size of chicks fed lupin seed and their fractions. Poultry Science .81: 670~678.
C C Sieo,N Abdullah ,W S Tan and Y W Ho. 2005. Influence ofβ-Glucanase-producing lactobacillus strains on intestinal characteristics and feed passage rate of broiler chickens.Poultry Science.84:734~741
CADOGAN D J, CHOCT M, CAMPBELL R G. 2003.Effects of storage time and exogenous xylanase supplementation of new season wheats on the performance of young male pigs .Can J Anim Sci.83:105~112.
Choct M , Hughes R J , Bedford M R. 1999.Effect s of a xylanase on individual bird variation , starch digestion throughout the intestine , and ileal and caecal volatile fat ty acid production in chickens fed wheat . British Poultry Science .40 : 419~422.
Choct M, Selby AD, Cadogan DJ.et al. 2004.Effect of liquid to feed ration, steeping time, and enzyme supplementation on the performance of weaner pig.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research.55(2):247~252.
Danicke S, Vahjen W, Simon O,et al . 1999.Effect s of dietary fat type and xylanase supplementation to rye2based broiler diet s on selected bacterial groups adhering to the intestinal epithelium , on t ransit time of feed , and on nut rient digestibility .Poultry Science.78 :1292~1299.
Engberg, R.M., Hedemann, M.S., Steenfeldt, S .and Jensen B.B. 2004.Influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract.Poultry Science.83:925~938.
Esteve-Garcia,E.Brufau, J. Perez-Vendrell.et al. 1997.Bioefficacy of enzyme preparations containing β-Glucanase and xylanase activities in broiler diets based on barley or wheat,in combination with flavomycin.Poultry Science.76:1728~1737.
Gao F, Jiang Y,Zhou GH,et al. 2007. The effect of xylanase supplementation on growth, digestion, circulting hormone and metabolite levels, immunity and gut micro in cockerels fed on wheat-based diets.Br Poult Sci.48(4):480~488.
Gracia M I, Aranibar M J, Lazaro R, et al. 2003.Alpha– amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on corn. Poult Sci. 82:436~442.
H.H.Titi. M. J. Tabbaa. 2004 .Efficacy of exogenous cellulase on digestibility in Iambs and growth of dairy calves.Livestoek Production Science.87:207~214.
J. Feng, X. Liu Z. R. Xu et al. 2007.Effects of fermented soybean meal on digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broiler. Poultry Science.86: 1149~1154.
K Yamauchi , T Buwjoom , K Koge and T Ebashi. 2006. Histological intestinal recovery in chickens refed dietary sugar cane extract.Poultry Science.85: 645~651.
lmirall,Merce,Francesch,et al. 1995.The differences in intestinal viscosity produced by barley and beta-glucanase alter digesta enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestabilities more in broiler chicks than in cocks.Journal of Nutrition.125:947~955.
M.R. Bedford G. G. Partridge主编,2004.中国饲料工业协会信息中心.编译.酶制剂在动物营养中的作用.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社.209~222.
Petterson D , Graham H and Aman P. 1990.Enzyme supplementation of broiler chicken diets based on cereals with endosperm cell walls rich in arabinoxylans or mix linkedβ-glucans .Anim Prod .51 :201~207.
Sebastian S, Touch SP,Chave ER,et al. 1996.Efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase at different dietary calcium levels on growth performance and mineral utilization of broiler chickens.Poult sci.75(12):1516~1523.
Veldman A, Vahl H A. 1994. Xylanase in broiler diets with differences in characteristics and content of w heat .British Poultry Science.35: 537~550.
Viveros AC, brenes A,Arija I,et al. 2007.Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus.Poult Sci.81:1172~1183.
Viveros AC,Brenes A,Arija I.et al. 2007. Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus.Poultry Science .81 :1172~1183.
White W B , Bird H R , Sunde M L , et al. 1981.The viscosity inter action of barley betar glucan with t richoderma viride cellulase in the chick intestine.Poult ry Science .60 : 1043~1048.
Wu,Y.B,RavindranV,Thomas,D.G.et al. 2004.Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination,on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate levels of phosphorus.British Poultry Science.45:76~84.
Wyss M, Pasamontes L, Friedlein A, et al. 1999.Biophysical chara-cterization of fungal phytases(myo -inositol hexakisphosphatephosphydrolases):Molecular size, glycosylation pattern, and engineeringof proteolytic resistance. Appl Environ Microbio, 65: 359~366.
Z R Wang,S Y Qiao,W Q Lu and D F Li. 2005.Effects of enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal morphology, and volatile fatty acid Profiles in the hindgut of broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poultry Science.84: 875~881.
Z. Y. Jiang, S. Q. Jiang , Y. C. Lin ,et al. 2007.Effects of Soybean Isoflavone on growth performance, Meat Quality, and Antioxidation in Male Broilers[J]. Poultry Science.86: 1356~1362.
艾晓杰,韩正康. 2002.米糠日粮添加酶制剂对雏鹅消化器官发育的影响.西南农业大学学报.24 (3) :244~246 .
白素君. 1995.复合酶制剂对高龄蛋鸡生产性能的影响.调查报告实验研究.1(总120)期
蔡青和,计成,岳洪源. 2004.玉米豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分消化率及血清生化指标的影响.动物营养学报.(02).15~21.
常巧玲,孙建义. 2005.纤维素酶对奶牛营养的研究.饲料工业.26(4):19~22.
陈丛亮,杨洪勋,杨磊. 2008.半胱胺提高畜禽营养物质消化、吸收和利用率的作用机制探讨.饲料研究.(12).18~21.
陈清华,程天德,周海. 2007.不同日粮能量水平和酶制剂对临武鸭生产性能的影响.饲料工业.28(20):35~38.
陈业文. 2006.制作石蜡组织切片标本的体会.咸宁学院学报(医学版). (3): 210~211.
丁斌鹰,侯永清,严念东. 2008.复合酶制剂对肉仔鸭小肠发育及内脏器官的影响.湖北农业科学.(8).936~938.
丁斌鹰,侯永清,严念东等. 2008.复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉仔鸭小肠黏膜的形态及DNA、RNA含量的影响.华中农业大学学报(自然科学版).(5):634~638.
杜晓惠,王静. 2008.复合酶对蛋鸡产性能及经济效益的影响.养禽与禽病防治.(2):16~17.
范少光,丁桂凤. 1995.神经内分泌与免疫系统之间相互作用的介导物质:共同的生物学语言.生理科学进展.6(2) : 175~183.
甘孟侯. 1999.我国集约化养禽业疾病的发生和防制对策.中国禽业导刊.16(4):5~8.
高大威. 1992.酶制剂在饲料中的应用.饲料工业. (1):28~29.
高峰. 2001.非淀粉多糖酶制剂对鸡、猪生长的影响及其作用机制研究.[博士学位论文].南京:南京农业大学.
高俊勤,江芸,张耀等. 2008.木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠道微生物的影响.草业学报.(5).104~110.
高玉红,李同洲,孙新胜等. 2000.复合酶制剂对早期断奶仔猪饲养效果试验.粮食与饲料工业.(04).1~3.
耿丹,张映,张燕等. 2003.粗酶制剂对肉仔鸡消化酶活性的影响.山西农业科学.31(4):81~83.
何健,冯光德,豆松方,等. 2001.降低蛋鸭日粮营养水平添加酶制剂的应用效果研究.中国家禽. (9):36~38.
何勇,薛立新,李树俊. 2007.我国酶制剂行业的现状与发展建议.精细与专用化学品.(15).1~5.
黄晓亮,刘艳芬,廖建财等. 2009.谷氨酰胺对肉鸡肠道发育及小肠消化酶活性的影响.中国饲料.(14).38~41.
黄晓亮,谢为天,黄银姬等. 2008.复合酶和益生素对肉鸡生产性能及氮、磷利用率的影响.饲料与畜牧.(3). 31~33.
蒋正芳,钟诚. 2006.酶制剂在动物营养中的研究进展.上海畜牧兽医通讯.(6) :13~15
蒋正宇,周岩民,王恬. 2006.外源α-淀粉酶对肉仔鸡消化器官发育及小肠消化酶活性影响的后续效应.中国农学通报.(10). 13~16.
瞿明仁,宋小珍,游金明等. 2004.抗生素替代品对泰和乌骨鸡小肠α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性的影响.经济动物学报.(4).208~210.
李清,毛华明. 2005小肽对鲤鱼免疫力的影响.饲料研究. (5) : 1~3.
李成良. 2009.非淀粉多糖酶对肉鸡生产性能、养分利用率及盲肠微生物的影响.饲料工业.(06)11~13.
李富伟,汤海鸥,汪勇. 2008.饲用酶检测过程中非定义影响因素的分析.饲料广角. (2):38~40.
李国平,周伦江,邵良平等. 1999.日粮中添加复合菌制剂对雏鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数、肠道pH值、血液SOD和GSH-px影响的研究.中国兽医杂志.25(8).
李亚峰,蒋培红. 2008不同剂量小肽营养素对断奶獭兔生长及免疫器官的影响.畜牧与兽医.(8).34~36.
李燕,康相涛,孙桂荣等. 2007.木寡糖对矮脚绿壳蛋鸡肠道长度及形态结构的影响.饲料研究.(12).67~69.
刘海生等. 1998.甲状腺素对动物生长发育的影响.江西农业大学学报.20 (5) : 12~15.
刘燕强,韩正康. 1998.大麦日粮中添加酶制剂对外周血液中代谢激素的影响.中国兽医学报. 18 (6):577 ~580.
刘永海,李大力,杨成丽,等. 2004.植酸酶产生菌的筛选与酶纯化及其性质的研究.工业微生物.34(7):26~29.
龙瑞军,王元素,董世魁等. 2006.异生物素及其代谢物在反刍动物体组织的吸收、运转与分布.草业学报.15 (1) :1~8.
陆承平. 2001.兽医微生物学.北京:中国农业出版社.127~128.
罗长财,冯国华,周镇锋. 2010.饲用植酸酶的作用机理及其应用方法.饲料博览.(1).30~31.
罗士津,瞿明仁,张铁鹰. 2007.复合酶制剂的研究及应用进展.饲料与畜牧.(4).11~15.
马虹,张根华,赵如茜等. 1997 .10日龄肉鸡和蛋鸡血清甲状腺激素和胰岛素水平的比较.中国应用生理学杂志.13 (3) : 271~274.
聂大娃,J.R.Roberts,M.Choct. 2006.商品酶制剂对蛋鸡的鸡蛋和蛋壳质量的影响.饲料与畜牧.(11).53.
牛竹叶,刘福柱等. 2005.复合酶制剂在蛋鸡小麦型日粮中的应用.中国农学报.21(11):29~32.
彭日荷,熊爱生,李贤,等. 2002.应用毕氏酵母高效表达耐高温植酸酶.生物化学与生物物理学报.34(6): 725~730.
彭玉麟. 2003.木聚糖酶在肉仔鸡小麦日粮中的应用及其作用机理的研究[硕士学位论文].北京: 中国农业大学.
戚广州,都海明,王建军等. 2010植酸酶对肉仔鸡生产性能及钙、磷利用率的影响.家畜生态学报.(1).68~74.
钱利纯. 1998.可溶性非淀粉多糖对畜禽消化的影响.中国饲料.(8).23~24.
尚秀国,朱晓萍,罗飞蝶. 2004.寡聚糖在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用.中国畜牧杂志.(8). 14~15.
邵良平,周伦江. 1999.不同剂量甘露寡聚糖对鸡细胞免疫和肠道微生态的影响.福建农业大学学报(自然科学版).28(1).
施安辉,李军训,等.2005.饲用酶制剂的催化机理及其在饲料中的应用.山东食品发酵.(3).8~10.
石宝明,单安山,佟建明.? 2000.寡聚糖对仔猪肠道菌群及生长性能影响的研究.东北农业大学学报.(03) .
宋连喜,周丽荣. 2005.复合酶制剂对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响.家畜生态学报.26 (3):30~32.
宋智娟,张艳铭,廖智慧. 2007.β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡肠道内微生物菌群及pH值的影响.饲料工业.28(22)14~17.
万志生. 2003.饲用酶制剂生产要点.中国饲料.(13).16~17.
汪祖荣.2005.木聚糖酶在肉鸡小麦日粮中作用机理的研究[硕士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学.
王琤韡,瞿明仁.2008.酶制剂在禽类营养中的应用研究进展.家禽科学.(4).12~14.
王景成,杨维仁,杨在宾等. 2009.不同类型日粮添加酶制剂对蛋品质和蛋鸭生产性能的影响.中国粮油学报.(1).90~93.
王清吉,陈伟华,韩正康. 1997.大麦饲粮添加粗酶制剂对雏鸡增重、甲状腺激素水平及免疫力的影响.畜牧与兽医.29 (6) : 243~245.
王晓燕,高秀华,张乃锋. 2008.外源纤维素酶在奶牛营养中的研究进展.中国奶牛.5:21~25.
王新梅,朱文渊.2006.酶制剂在动物营养中的研究进展.上海畜牧兽医通讯. (6):13~15 .
王修启,李春喜,林东康等. 2002.小麦戊聚糖含量及添加木聚糖酶对鸡表观代谢能值和养分消化率的影响.华北农学报.17(4) :104～107.
王振来,路广计,钟艳玲等, 2003.高次粉饲粮中添加木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶对仔猪生长性能和胴体组成的影响.河北畜牧兽医.19 (2) :14~16.
王子旭,余锐萍,陈越等. 2003.日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响.中国兽医科技.33(7):18~21.
夏林,张博,杨芳敏等. 2008.日粮添加甘露寡聚糖对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道微生物群落的影响.上海畜牧兽医通讯.(5).16~17
许梓荣,钱利纯,孙建义等. 1999.高麦麸饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和纤维素酶对肉鸡生长和消化的影响.浙江农业学报.11 (2) : 80~841.
许梓荣,钱利纯. 1999.高麸饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和纤维素酶对肉鸡生长和消化的影响.浙江农业学报.11(2):80~84.
杨凤. 2004.动物营养学.北京.中国农业出版社.147~149.
杨国桃. 2004.大麦型日粮添加复合酶对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响.浙江畜牧兽医.(1):21.
杨继生,肖啸,杨美兰等. 2007.复合酶制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响.动物医学进展.(S1).
姚斌,范云六. 2000.植酸酶的分子生物学与基因基因工程.生物工程学报.16(1):1~5.
姚斌.张春义.王建华等. 1998.高效表达具有生物学活性的植酸酶的毕赤酵母.中国科学.28(3):237~243.
叶冰,王运吉,张苓花. 2002.植酸酶毕赤酵母基因工程菌高密度发酵.大连轻工业学院学报.21(3):193-196.
易中华,王晓霞,计成等. 2005.植酸酶和复合酶对肉鸡生产性能及氮、磷利用的影响.家畜生态学报.(1). 43~48.
尹兆正,钱利纯. 2005.高麸加酶替代玉米饲粮对肉鸡生长性能的影响.浙江农业学报.17(4):191~195.
袁玖.2006.溢多酶对蛋鸡、肉鸡的生产效果及其作用机理研究[硕士学位论文].杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
占秀安,胡彩虹,许梓荣. 2003.果寡糖对肉鸡生长、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响.中国兽医学报.(2).196~198.
张丞,呙于明,李武.2003 .异麦芽寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道生理生化指标的影响.河北畜牧兽医.(2).12~13.
张耿,朱伟,刘相玉等. 2007.延胡索酸二钠对瘤胃微生物体外发酵不同饲料成分的影响.草业学报.16 (1) :112~117.
张华琦,杨伟春. 2009.非淀粉多糖酶的作用机制及在家禽生产中的应用.饲料研究.(11).45~47.
张民,戴求仲,周莉芬等.2010不同类型复合酶对产蛋鸡生产性能及玉米-杂粕型日粮中营养成分消化率影响的研究.?饲料工业31(2):9~13.
张强,杜忍让,卢平祥等.2006.复合酶制剂对蛋鸡生产性能影响的试验研究.陕西农业科学. (4):59~70.
赵春,朱忠和,李勤凡等. 2007.不同剂型植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能和钙、磷利用率的影响.动物营养学报.19 (6) :714~718.
赵德英,荏亚青,任德胜等. 2001.酶制剂在蛋鸡小麦型日粮中的应用.中国家禽.(24):15.
赵华,王康宁. 2002.肉鸡饲用酶制剂研究进展.饲料博览.(11) :35~37.
赵敏,李长忠. 2007.非淀粉多糖酶在家禽玉米一豆粕型日粮中的应用.安徽农业科学.35 (11) :3269-3270.
赵燕飞,汪以真. 2004.饲用酶制剂及其应用中应注意的问题.饲料研究. (2) 25~27.
周娟,杨焕民,姜宁等. 2007.纤维素酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和营养物质利用的影响.黑龙江畜牧兽医.(3).42~43.
朱元招,刘亚力等.2001.两种配方的酶制剂在蛋鸡日粮中的应用价值.粮食与饲料工业.(8):34~36.
Inborr J. 1990.Enzymes:catalystsforpigperformance.Feed Management.41:22~30.
A Brenes, R R Marquardt,W Guenter and A Viveros. 2002.Effect of enzyme addition on the performance and gastrointestinal tract size of chicks fed lupin seed and their fractions. Poultry Science .81: 670~678.
C C Sieo,N Abdullah ,W S Tan and Y W Ho. 2005. Influence ofβ-Glucanase-producing lactobacillus strains on intestinal characteristics and feed passage rate of broiler chickens.Poultry Science.84:734~741
CADOGAN D J, CHOCT M, CAMPBELL R G. 2003.Effects of storage time and exogenous xylanase supplementation of new season wheats on the performance of young male pigs .Can J Anim Sci.83:105~112.
Choct M , Hughes R J , Bedford M R. 1999.Effect s of a xylanase on individual bird variation , starch digestion throughout the intestine , and ileal and caecal volatile fat ty acid production in chickens fed wheat . British Poultry Science .40 : 419~422.
Choct M, Selby AD, Cadogan DJ.et al. 2004.Effect of liquid to feed ration, steeping time, and enzyme supplementation on the performance of weaner pig.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research.55(2):247~252.
Danicke S, Vahjen W, Simon O,et al . 1999.Effect s of dietary fat type and xylanase supplementation to rye2based broiler diet s on selected bacterial groups adhering to the intestinal epithelium , on t ransit time of feed , and on nut rient digestibility .Poultry Science.78 :1292~1299.
Engberg, R.M., Hedemann, M.S., Steenfeldt, S .and Jensen B.B. 2004.Influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract.Poultry Science.83:925~938.
Esteve-Garcia,E.Brufau, J. Perez-Vendrell.et al. 1997.Bioefficacy of enzyme preparations containing β-Glucanase and xylanase activities in broiler diets based on barley or wheat,in combination with flavomycin.Poultry Science.76:1728~1737.
Gao F, Jiang Y,Zhou GH,et al. 2007. The effect of xylanase supplementation on growth, digestion, circulting hormone and metabolite levels, immunity and gut micro in cockerels fed on wheat-based diets.Br Poult Sci.48(4):480~488.
Gracia M I, Aranibar M J, Lazaro R, et al. 2003.Alpha– amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on corn. Poult Sci. 82:436~442.
H.H.Titi. M. J. Tabbaa. 2004 .Efficacy of exogenous cellulase on digestibility in Iambs and growth of dairy calves.Livestoek Production Science.87:207~214.
J. Feng, X. Liu Z. R. Xu et al. 2007.Effects of fermented soybean meal on digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broiler. Poultry Science.86: 1149~1154.
K Yamauchi , T Buwjoom , K Koge and T Ebashi. 2006. Histological intestinal recovery in chickens refed dietary sugar cane extract.Poultry Science.85: 645~651.
lmirall,Merce,Francesch,et al. 1995.The differences in intestinal viscosity produced by barley and beta-glucanase alter digesta enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestabilities more in broiler chicks than in cocks.Journal of Nutrition.125:947~955.
M.R. Bedford G. G. Partridge主编,2004.中国饲料工业协会信息中心.编译.酶制剂在动物营养中的作用.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社.209~222.
Petterson D , Graham H and Aman P. 1990.Enzyme supplementation of broiler chicken diets based on cereals with endosperm cell walls rich in arabinoxylans or mix linkedβ-glucans .Anim Prod .51 :201~207.
Sebastian S, Touch SP,Chave ER,et al. 1996.Efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase at different dietary calcium levels on growth performance and mineral utilization of broiler chickens.Poult sci.75(12):1516~1523.
Veldman A, Vahl H A. 1994. Xylanase in broiler diets with differences in characteristics and content of w heat .British Poultry Science.35: 537~550.
Viveros AC, brenes A,Arija I,et al. 2007.Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus.Poult Sci.81:1172~1183.
Viveros AC,Brenes A,Arija I.et al. 2007. Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus.Poultry Science .81 :1172~1183.
White W B , Bird H R , Sunde M L , et al. 1981.The viscosity inter action of barley betar glucan with t richoderma viride cellulase in the chick intestine.Poult ry Science .60 : 1043~1048.
Wu,Y.B,RavindranV,Thomas,D.G.et al. 2004.Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination,on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate levels of phosphorus.British Poultry Science.45:76~84.
Wyss M, Pasamontes L, Friedlein A, et al. 1999.Biophysical chara-cterization of fungal phytases(myo -inositol hexakisphosphatephosphydrolases):Molecular size, glycosylation pattern, and engineeringof proteolytic resistance. Appl Environ Microbio, 65: 359~366.
Z R Wang,S Y Qiao,W Q Lu and D F Li. 2005.Effects of enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal morphology, and volatile fatty acid Profiles in the hindgut of broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poultry Science.84: 875~881.
Z. Y. Jiang, S. Q. Jiang , Y. C. Lin ,et al. 2007.Effects of Soybean Isoflavone on growth performance, Meat Quality, and Antioxidation in Male Broilers[J]. Poultry Science.86: 1356~1362.