基于粒子群算法的宽带天线匹配网络研究
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摘要
在通信领域的短波和超短波波段,随着自适应快速跳频、选频等先进技术的广泛应用,迫切需要性能优良的宽带天线。使用天线宽带匹配网络,是实现天线宽频带特性的一种有效技术手段。只有当天线与设备的输入端和输出端完全匹配的情况下,才能获得最大的传输效率和良好的通信质量。研究一种有效可靠的设计天线宽带匹配网络的方法是当今的一个热点问题。
本文首先介绍了国内外的一些研究现状,以及研究目的与意义。然后介绍了天线的宽带技术和天线的宽带性能指标,进而论述了天线的宽带匹配网络的作用和常见结构,对目前经常使用的各种天线匹配网络的设计方法进行了分析。然后对粒子群算法的原理,参数,数学模型等进行了介绍,接着简单分析了粒子群算法与其他进化算法的异同与优缺点,尤其是与遗传算法的异同与优缺点。接着介绍了一种改进型的粒子群算法。最后,本文将改进型的粒子群算法应用于天线匹配网络设计中,提出一种设计天线匹配网络的方法,并给出了设计实例。
本文的主要工作集中于天线匹配网络设计方法的研究。通过对现有天线匹配网络设计方法优缺点的分析基础上,本文提出了设计天线宽带匹配网络的新方法。这种方法基于一种改进型粒子群算法实现,这种算法采用操作简单的速度-位移模型,在搜索过程中引入交叉因子。本文详细论述了这种方法如何应用于天线匹配网络设计的方法步骤。设计实例说明用该方法可以设计出频带宽、结构简单的天线宽带匹配网络。并且通过与基于标准粒子群算法和遗传算法的天线匹配网络设计方法进行了比较,证明了可以一定程度上跳出局部最优值的吸引,实现全局最优,设计出更好的天线匹配网络。此方法可广泛用于其他天线宽带匹配网络的设计。
With adaptive frequency hopping fast, frequent elections and other advanced technologies have been widely used in the short wave and ultra short wave communication bands, there is an urgent need for high-performance broadband antennas. The use of broadband antenna matching network is an effective method which can realize the broadband characteristics. Only when the antenna and the equipment perfectly matched, we can get the maximal transmission efficiency and high communication quality. Researching an effective and reliable method of designing broadband antenna matching networks is a hot issue today.
In this paper, the present research situations and the research purposes and significance is introduced firstly. And we introduce broadband antennas technology and the broadband performance Indicators, then discusses the function and common structures of broadband antenna matching network of antenna matching network. Then the principle、parameters and mathematical model of the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm are introduced, and analyze the difference and relation including advantages and disadvantages between the particle swarm optimization algorithm and other evolutionary algorithms, especially between the particle swarm algorithm and genetic algorithm.Then we introduce a modified particle swarm algorithm. Finally, the modified particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to the design of antenna matching network, and a new design method of antenna matching network is given, as well as some design examples.
The main work of this article is researching the antenna matching network. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the antenna matching network design method, this paper presents a new design method of broadband antenna matching network. This method is based on a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm which adopt simple velocity-displacement model and insert the genetic hybrid gene in the search process. This article discusses the steps of this method which is applied to the antenna matching network design detailed. Design examples show that the method can be used to design the broadband matching networks which have simple structure. The compare results of the broadband matching network design methods which respectively based on genetic algorithm、standard particle swarm optimization algorithm and the modified particle swarm optimization algorithm can show that this new method can reduce the attraction of local optimization value, and has the characteristics of global optimization, can design better antenna matching network. This method also can be widely used in other antenna broadband matching networks design.
本文首先介绍了国内外的一些研究现状,以及研究目的与意义。然后介绍了天线的宽带技术和天线的宽带性能指标,进而论述了天线的宽带匹配网络的作用和常见结构,对目前经常使用的各种天线匹配网络的设计方法进行了分析。然后对粒子群算法的原理,参数,数学模型等进行了介绍,接着简单分析了粒子群算法与其他进化算法的异同与优缺点,尤其是与遗传算法的异同与优缺点。接着介绍了一种改进型的粒子群算法。最后,本文将改进型的粒子群算法应用于天线匹配网络设计中,提出一种设计天线匹配网络的方法,并给出了设计实例。
本文的主要工作集中于天线匹配网络设计方法的研究。通过对现有天线匹配网络设计方法优缺点的分析基础上,本文提出了设计天线宽带匹配网络的新方法。这种方法基于一种改进型粒子群算法实现,这种算法采用操作简单的速度-位移模型,在搜索过程中引入交叉因子。本文详细论述了这种方法如何应用于天线匹配网络设计的方法步骤。设计实例说明用该方法可以设计出频带宽、结构简单的天线宽带匹配网络。并且通过与基于标准粒子群算法和遗传算法的天线匹配网络设计方法进行了比较,证明了可以一定程度上跳出局部最优值的吸引,实现全局最优,设计出更好的天线匹配网络。此方法可广泛用于其他天线宽带匹配网络的设计。
With adaptive frequency hopping fast, frequent elections and other advanced technologies have been widely used in the short wave and ultra short wave communication bands, there is an urgent need for high-performance broadband antennas. The use of broadband antenna matching network is an effective method which can realize the broadband characteristics. Only when the antenna and the equipment perfectly matched, we can get the maximal transmission efficiency and high communication quality. Researching an effective and reliable method of designing broadband antenna matching networks is a hot issue today.
In this paper, the present research situations and the research purposes and significance is introduced firstly. And we introduce broadband antennas technology and the broadband performance Indicators, then discusses the function and common structures of broadband antenna matching network of antenna matching network. Then the principle、parameters and mathematical model of the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm are introduced, and analyze the difference and relation including advantages and disadvantages between the particle swarm optimization algorithm and other evolutionary algorithms, especially between the particle swarm algorithm and genetic algorithm.Then we introduce a modified particle swarm algorithm. Finally, the modified particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to the design of antenna matching network, and a new design method of antenna matching network is given, as well as some design examples.
The main work of this article is researching the antenna matching network. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the antenna matching network design method, this paper presents a new design method of broadband antenna matching network. This method is based on a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm which adopt simple velocity-displacement model and insert the genetic hybrid gene in the search process. This article discusses the steps of this method which is applied to the antenna matching network design detailed. Design examples show that the method can be used to design the broadband matching networks which have simple structure. The compare results of the broadband matching network design methods which respectively based on genetic algorithm、standard particle swarm optimization algorithm and the modified particle swarm optimization algorithm can show that this new method can reduce the attraction of local optimization value, and has the characteristics of global optimization, can design better antenna matching network. This method also can be widely used in other antenna broadband matching networks design.
引文
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[2]王元坤,李玉权.线天线的宽频带技术[M].西安：西安电子科技大学,1995：4-9页
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[4]Fujimoto K,Hirasawa K and Henderson A small antenna[M].New York:John Wiley and Son Research Studies Press,1987:2-4P
[5]赵兴.小型化与宽带化线天线研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2006：4-5页
[6]B.B.Mandelbrot.The fractal geometry of nature.New York,W.H.Freman, 1983:5-8P
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[9]D.H.,Werner and S.Ganguly,An overview of fraetal antenna engineering researeh,IEEE antenna processing. Mag.,vol.45,no.1,Feb.2003:38-57P
[10]N.Cohen,R. Hohlfeld,D.Mosehell, and P.Salkind,Fraetal wideband antennas for software defined radio,UWB,and multiple platform applications,in Proc.Radio and wireless Conf.,2003:99-102P
[11]K.J.Vinoy,Jose K.Abrabam and Vijay K.Varadan.On the relationship between fractal dimension and the performance of multi-resonant dipole antenna using Koch curves.IEEE Trans.on AP.,Vol.51,No.9,2003: 2296-2303P
[12]Y.Hao,C.G. Paini.Isolation enhancement of anisotropic UC-PBG microstrip diplexer pat Antenna.IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.,Vol.1,No.12002:135-137P
[13]Ang Yu,Xuexia Zhang.A novel method to improve the performance of microstrip antenna Array using a dumbbell EBG structure.IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Lette 2003,2(1):170-172P
[14]Jodie M.bell,Magdy F Iskander.A low-profile archimedeam sprial antenna using EBG ground plane.IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters.2004,Vol.3,No.1:223-226P
[15]Raafat R.Mansour.Microwave superconductivity. IEEE Trans on MIT.2002,Vol.50,No.3:750-759P
[16]M.A.Richard,K. B.Bhasin and P.C.Claspy. Superconducting microstrip antennas:an experimental comparison of two feeding methods.IEEE Trans on AP.1993,Vol.41,No.7:967-974P
[17]R.C.Hansen.Antenna applications of superconductors.IEEE Trans on MIT.1991,Vol.39,No.9:1508-1512P
[18]谢处方.加载与媒质中天线.成都：电子科技大学出版社,1990：1-4页
[19]T.T.Wu and R. W. P. king. The cylidrical antenna with nonreflrcting resistive loading.IEEE Trans on AP.1965, Vol. AP-16:369-373P
[20]Grimes C A,liu G,Tefiku F and Grimes D M.Time domain measurement of antenna Q.Microwave and optical technology Letters,2000,Vol.25,No.6: 95-100P
[21]Alona Boag,Amir Boag,Eric Michielssen and Raj Mittra.Design of electrically loaded wire antennas using genetic algorithms.IEEE Trans on AP.1996,Vol.44,No.5:687-695P
[22]Lorenzo Mattioni,Gaetano Marrocco.Design of a broadband HF antenna for multimode naval communications.IEEE Trans and Wireless Propagation Letters.2005,Vol.4:179-182P
[23]陈惠开,黎安尧.宽带匹配网络的理论与设计.北京：人民邮电出版社,1988：15-20页
[24]孙保华,周良明,肖辉.天线宽带匹配网络的设计与计算方法.西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(6)：793-797页
[25]向春清,胡修林,陈海涛.短波宽带天线及匹配网络的优化设计.华中科技大学学报,2002,30(8)：7-9页
[26]高火涛,侯杰昌,杨子杰,石振华.宽带天线阻抗匹配网络的设计.武汉大学学报(理学版),2001(5)：541-544页
[27]Carlin H J. A new approach to gain bandwidth problem.IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst.,1977, Vol.23:170-175P
[28]Carlin H J,Komiak J. A new method of broadband equalization app lied to microwave amp lifiers. IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1979,27: 93-99P
[29]陈轶鸿,孙琰,肖良勇,郭渭盛.宽带天线阻抗匹配网络设计中的实频法[J].电子学报,1997(3)：19-24页
[30]刘晓蓉.实频法用于天线的宽带匹配[J].西部广播电视,2001(8)：35-37页
[31]马国田,梁昌洪.基于遗传算法的宽带匹配网络的优化设计[J].微波学报,2000(01)：73-77页
[32]丁霄,姜兴,李思敏.基于遗传算法的宽带匹配网络设计[J].桂林电子科技大学学报,2006(06)：438-441页
[33]孙保华,纪奕才,刘其中.VHF/UHF天线宽带匹配网络的优化设计与实验研究.电子学报,2002,30(6)：797-799页
[34]谢处方,邱文杰.天线原理与设计.成都：成都电讯工程学院出版社,1985：2-3页
[35]赵姚同.微波技术与天线.北京：电子工业出版社,1995：13-15页
[36]聂远铮.短波宽带小型化单极子天线研究.电子科技大学,2007：35-37 页
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