北京奥运会体育场馆的适应性改造与赛后利用
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摘要
2001年北京申奥成功之后,如何组织好北京奥运会这一课题就摆在了人们面前,奥运对于北京既是一次千载难逢的发展机遇也是一次严峻的考验。良好的场馆建设与合理的赛后运营将会大大加速北京城市的发展;反之,奥运会也会给城市发展埋下隐患,甚至出现后奥运时期经济衰退的现象。
本文回顾了奥运会的发展历程,对以往奥运会赛场建设以及赛后利用模式进行研究,总结其经验教训,指出体育场馆改造在奥运会举办过程中所发挥的重要作用,并结合国内外实例对体育场馆的改造方式、方法进行分类总结,得出其一般规律。通过实地调研与资料收集,对北京奥体中心改造以及国家游泳中心赛后改造等重点实例进行深入分析研究,了解北京奥运会既有场馆的改造方式以及场馆的赛后利用改造设想,发现其优势与问题,并努力结合北京城市发展与城市功能分区要求,对具体问题提出有针对性的建议。
对奥运会场馆改造方式与赛后利用的研究一方面可以使得城市物质、文化资源得到充分的利用,延续城市记忆;另一方面赛后也可以使奥运场馆成为城市经济、文化发展的动力,充分体现奥林匹克精神。
In 2001,with the success that Beijing won the race to host the 29th Olympic Game , how to prepare for the 2008 Olympic Games successfully was the most important subject we were facing to. The Olympics is not only the rarely opportunity for Beijing, but the challenge as well. The adaptive use and the adaptive use and the Post-regeneration of stadium will promote the development of Beijing City. Otherwise, the Olympics will bring the hidden danger for the development even the economic depression after the 2008 Olympic Games.
This paper has reviewed the evolution of Olympic Games. After researching on the stadium construction and the pattern of the Post-regeneration of the stadium, the paper has summerized some experience and pointed out how impotant the regeneration of stadium was during the Olympic Games. Learning from the typical examples at home and abroad, the paper has also summerized the rule of method how to rebuild those stadiums. With the investigates on site and the acquisition of information, especially analyzing the reuse of Beijing Olympic Stadium Centre and the National Swimming Center, the paper has introduced the method how these stadiums were rebuilt and the regeneration concept of them. After discovering the advantage and the problem of the reuse, with the development and need of Beijing City’s function, the paper has expounded some advice for the renewal of stadium.
Researching on the method of the adaptive use and the Post-regeneration of Olympic Games stadium will make fully use of the city substantial and cultural resource, continuing the city memory. On the other hand, the reuse after Games will also make the sadiums the power to develop the city economic and culture, fully showing the Olympic Spirit.
本文回顾了奥运会的发展历程,对以往奥运会赛场建设以及赛后利用模式进行研究,总结其经验教训,指出体育场馆改造在奥运会举办过程中所发挥的重要作用,并结合国内外实例对体育场馆的改造方式、方法进行分类总结,得出其一般规律。通过实地调研与资料收集,对北京奥体中心改造以及国家游泳中心赛后改造等重点实例进行深入分析研究,了解北京奥运会既有场馆的改造方式以及场馆的赛后利用改造设想,发现其优势与问题,并努力结合北京城市发展与城市功能分区要求,对具体问题提出有针对性的建议。
对奥运会场馆改造方式与赛后利用的研究一方面可以使得城市物质、文化资源得到充分的利用,延续城市记忆;另一方面赛后也可以使奥运场馆成为城市经济、文化发展的动力,充分体现奥林匹克精神。
In 2001,with the success that Beijing won the race to host the 29th Olympic Game , how to prepare for the 2008 Olympic Games successfully was the most important subject we were facing to. The Olympics is not only the rarely opportunity for Beijing, but the challenge as well. The adaptive use and the adaptive use and the Post-regeneration of stadium will promote the development of Beijing City. Otherwise, the Olympics will bring the hidden danger for the development even the economic depression after the 2008 Olympic Games.
This paper has reviewed the evolution of Olympic Games. After researching on the stadium construction and the pattern of the Post-regeneration of the stadium, the paper has summerized some experience and pointed out how impotant the regeneration of stadium was during the Olympic Games. Learning from the typical examples at home and abroad, the paper has also summerized the rule of method how to rebuild those stadiums. With the investigates on site and the acquisition of information, especially analyzing the reuse of Beijing Olympic Stadium Centre and the National Swimming Center, the paper has introduced the method how these stadiums were rebuilt and the regeneration concept of them. After discovering the advantage and the problem of the reuse, with the development and need of Beijing City’s function, the paper has expounded some advice for the renewal of stadium.
Researching on the method of the adaptive use and the Post-regeneration of Olympic Games stadium will make fully use of the city substantial and cultural resource, continuing the city memory. On the other hand, the reuse after Games will also make the sadiums the power to develop the city economic and culture, fully showing the Olympic Spirit.
引文
[1]马国馨,西萨·佩里,建筑师编辑部,建筑师,1986 (24):173~196
[2]卢本B、葛拉福C、柯尼格N等,设计与分析,林尹星、薛酷东译天津,天津大学出版社,2003
[3]梅蕾放,奥林匹克运动与体育建筑艺术,体育文史,1997(3)54~55
[4]喻坚,雅典奥运经济给我们的启示,广州体育学院学报,2005(02):46~49
[5]林显鹏,现代奥运会体育场馆建设及赛后利用研究,北京体育大学学报,2005(11),1441~1444
[6]宋铁臻.城市现代化研究[M].北京:红旗出版社,2002(9)
[7]程道平,等.现代城市规划,北京,科学出版社,2004(9)
[8]沈运柱,浅论建筑模数与模数协调,北京建筑工程学院学报,1995(1):29-39
[9]鲍家声,支撑体住宅,南京,江苏科学技术出版社,1989
[10]刘先觉,密斯·凡·德·罗,北京,中国建筑工业出版社, 1992
[11]北京市建筑设计研究院体育建筑研究室,《建筑创作》杂志社,奥林匹克与体育建筑,北京,天津大学出版社,2002
[12]刘樯,持久与灵活的创造——建筑弹性设计理论与实践研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学建筑学院,2004
[13]Dean Baim,The Post - Games Utilization of Olympic Venues and the Economic Impact of the Olympics After the Games,首届奥运经济与城市发展合作论坛论文集:71~85
[14]Holger Pruess,The Economics of Olympic Games, Walla WallaPress,2002
[15]马国馨,从亚运走向奥运,建筑创作,2006(07):66~83
[16]建筑创作编辑部,立足亚运憧憬奥运,建筑创作,2006(07):56~65
[17]庄维敏、栗铁、马佳,体育场馆赛后利用研究—以2008奥运会柔道、跆拳道馆设计为例,城市建筑,2006(03):19~22
[18]Greg Andranovich etc,Olympic Cities:Lessons Learned from Mega Event Politics,Journal of Urban Affairs[ J]. Volume 23,Number 2 :113~131
[20]陈刚,由奥运设施规划引起的几点思考,北京规划建设,2000(4):4~6
[21]黄君,二十世纪的革命--奥林匹克运动与环境保护,体育文史,1999(3): 49~51
[22]黄筱,第四代体育场--HOK的体育建筑设计,建筑创作,2002(7): 48~52
[2]卢本B、葛拉福C、柯尼格N等,设计与分析,林尹星、薛酷东译天津,天津大学出版社,2003
[3]梅蕾放,奥林匹克运动与体育建筑艺术,体育文史,1997(3)54~55
[4]喻坚,雅典奥运经济给我们的启示,广州体育学院学报,2005(02):46~49
[5]林显鹏,现代奥运会体育场馆建设及赛后利用研究,北京体育大学学报,2005(11),1441~1444
[6]宋铁臻.城市现代化研究[M].北京:红旗出版社,2002(9)
[7]程道平,等.现代城市规划,北京,科学出版社,2004(9)
[8]沈运柱,浅论建筑模数与模数协调,北京建筑工程学院学报,1995(1):29-39
[9]鲍家声,支撑体住宅,南京,江苏科学技术出版社,1989
[10]刘先觉,密斯·凡·德·罗,北京,中国建筑工业出版社, 1992
[11]北京市建筑设计研究院体育建筑研究室,《建筑创作》杂志社,奥林匹克与体育建筑,北京,天津大学出版社,2002
[12]刘樯,持久与灵活的创造——建筑弹性设计理论与实践研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学建筑学院,2004
[13]Dean Baim,The Post - Games Utilization of Olympic Venues and the Economic Impact of the Olympics After the Games,首届奥运经济与城市发展合作论坛论文集:71~85
[14]Holger Pruess,The Economics of Olympic Games, Walla WallaPress,2002
[15]马国馨,从亚运走向奥运,建筑创作,2006(07):66~83
[16]建筑创作编辑部,立足亚运憧憬奥运,建筑创作,2006(07):56~65
[17]庄维敏、栗铁、马佳,体育场馆赛后利用研究—以2008奥运会柔道、跆拳道馆设计为例,城市建筑,2006(03):19~22
[18]Greg Andranovich etc,Olympic Cities:Lessons Learned from Mega Event Politics,Journal of Urban Affairs[ J]. Volume 23,Number 2 :113~131
[20]陈刚,由奥运设施规划引起的几点思考,北京规划建设,2000(4):4~6
[21]黄君,二十世纪的革命--奥林匹克运动与环境保护,体育文史,1999(3): 49~51
[22]黄筱,第四代体育场--HOK的体育建筑设计,建筑创作,2002(7): 48~52