独立学院大学生职业决策困难的研究
摘要
近年来,我国大学生的就业难问题日益严峻,并受到政府和社会各界的广泛关注。作为按新机制新模式运行的独立学院既作为崭新的特殊办学形式,又充当着高等教育教学改革的先锋,由于其办学定位多为培养高级应用型人才,其办学初期诸多条件的不成熟,大多数院校的社会声望尚未确立,独立学院的大学生在就业群体中相对处于“弱势地位”。面对激烈的就业竞争环境,独立学院大学生表现出较多的不良择业行为与心理,遇到了较多的职业决策上的困难。本研究以独立学院大学生作为研究对象,采用实证的量化研究方法,深入探讨独立学院大学生职业决策困难以及研究对策。
具体而言,本研究由6个部分组成:第1部分为前言,提出本研究的问题、研究背景、研究目的及理论和实践意义。第2部分为文献综述,通过文献研究法,系统、全面地回顾和整理国内外对职业决策困难理论和职业决策自我效能的研究现状、存在的问题和发展方向。第3部分为研究设计,提出本研究的总体构想、研究内容、研究对象和研究假设。第4部分为独立学院大学生职业决策困难的调查研究:其一,通过文献研究和问卷调查法,初步编订了一套独立学院毕业生职业决策困难的测量问卷和择业自我效能问卷,通过对来自武汉地区5所独立学院的1941名毕业生样本的调查数据进行验证性因素分析,发现独立学院毕业生的职业决策困难是一个包括职业自我探索、职业信息探索、职业目标确定和职业规划探索的四因素结构,而择业自我效能问卷单维性较好,结果表明,修订的独立学院毕业生职业决策困难问卷和择业自我效能问卷符合测量学的要求,具有较好的信度和效度:其二,对独立学院毕业生职业决策困难的个人、家庭和学校影响因素情况进行了统计分析,个人方面的影响因素包括性别、年龄、学历、专业、专业与兴趣一致性、是否是学生干部、是否参加过校内社团实践活动和校外实习兼职活动、职业资格证书的数量等;家庭方面的影响因素主要探讨了生源地、家庭月收入、父母受教育程度,以上三个方面大体上能反映学生的家庭社会经济地位状况;在学校方面,主要是通过对学校就业指导和职业咨询的帮助大小以及学生对学校就业指导工作的满意度来考察;其四,对职业决策困难的后果进行了统计分析,主要是考察毕业生对成功就业的把握程度大小和对未来职业发展前景的态度。第5部分探讨了对武汉地区独立学院毕业生的职业决策困难的现状、择业自我效能对大学生职业决策困难的影响、影响职业决策的因素及其后果,并说明了研究局限和未来研究方向。第6部分为结论与对策研究,首先列出了本研究的结论并分析了独立学院大学学生择业心态的特点,并根据中央和地方的文件精神分别从国家政策指导、高校管理引导、就业指导部门服务三个方面对如何降低大学生的职业决策困难、提高择业成功率提出了相应的对策和建议。
具体而言,本研究由6个部分组成:第1部分为前言,提出本研究的问题、研究背景、研究目的及理论和实践意义。第2部分为文献综述,通过文献研究法,系统、全面地回顾和整理国内外对职业决策困难理论和职业决策自我效能的研究现状、存在的问题和发展方向。第3部分为研究设计,提出本研究的总体构想、研究内容、研究对象和研究假设。第4部分为独立学院大学生职业决策困难的调查研究:其一,通过文献研究和问卷调查法,初步编订了一套独立学院毕业生职业决策困难的测量问卷和择业自我效能问卷,通过对来自武汉地区5所独立学院的1941名毕业生样本的调查数据进行验证性因素分析,发现独立学院毕业生的职业决策困难是一个包括职业自我探索、职业信息探索、职业目标确定和职业规划探索的四因素结构,而择业自我效能问卷单维性较好,结果表明,修订的独立学院毕业生职业决策困难问卷和择业自我效能问卷符合测量学的要求,具有较好的信度和效度:其二,对独立学院毕业生职业决策困难的个人、家庭和学校影响因素情况进行了统计分析,个人方面的影响因素包括性别、年龄、学历、专业、专业与兴趣一致性、是否是学生干部、是否参加过校内社团实践活动和校外实习兼职活动、职业资格证书的数量等;家庭方面的影响因素主要探讨了生源地、家庭月收入、父母受教育程度,以上三个方面大体上能反映学生的家庭社会经济地位状况;在学校方面,主要是通过对学校就业指导和职业咨询的帮助大小以及学生对学校就业指导工作的满意度来考察;其四,对职业决策困难的后果进行了统计分析,主要是考察毕业生对成功就业的把握程度大小和对未来职业发展前景的态度。第5部分探讨了对武汉地区独立学院毕业生的职业决策困难的现状、择业自我效能对大学生职业决策困难的影响、影响职业决策的因素及其后果,并说明了研究局限和未来研究方向。第6部分为结论与对策研究,首先列出了本研究的结论并分析了独立学院大学学生择业心态的特点,并根据中央和地方的文件精神分别从国家政策指导、高校管理引导、就业指导部门服务三个方面对如何降低大学生的职业决策困难、提高择业成功率提出了相应的对策和建议。
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