江苏省淮北丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用灌溉最优化研究
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摘要
当人类满怀豪情地跨入21世纪之时，水资源短缺已成为人类无法回避的全球性资源危机。随着雨水资源化的诞生，其不可替代的开发利用潜力已被越来越多的人们所接受，已成为水资源科学中的一个新的生长点，特别是在丘陵山区，雨水利用已成为缓解当地水资源紧缺、加快山丘区群众早日脱贫致富奔小康的有效措施。针对当前国内外雨水集蓄利用侧重于工程技术性研究，加强其理论性研究便显得十分迫切和必要，具有重要的现实意义和经济价值。本文结合江苏省淮北丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用规划的实例，对雨水利用工程规模的优选及灌溉调度的优化进行了首次尝试性研究，并达到了预期目的，表明所采用的优选方法和优化模型是可行的。
在规模优选方面，以水源工程多年平均净效益最大为优选标准，对丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用工程规模提出了具体的寻优方法与步骤，确定了丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用最优灌溉设计保证率及其对应的最优雨水集蓄容积，从而确定了最优亩均集蓄容积，为丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用工程规划决策提供了重要理论依据；在灌溉调度方面，采用了自优化模拟决策模型对山丘区雨水集蓄利用灌溉调度进行了优化研究，即在不同来水频率条件下，为充分利用当地降雨径流，以系统总弃水量最少为目标函数，以水库优化控制运行线、水库水量平衡、供水量最大、外引水量最少等为约束条件，加强系统内各子系统的水量调配，通过交替放松约束和逐步收紧约束，在模拟中系统目标控制决策，在决策中辨识反馈修正逐步收敛，如此反复模拟决策和循环迭代，最终得到系统目标收敛时各决策变量的最优值，即各子系统的调配运行情况，实现了系统灌溉优化调度过程。同时实现了自优化模拟技术的编程运算，为丘陵山区雨水利用灌溉系统的优化调度计算提供了捷径。
With the global scarcity of water resources and the birth of rainwater resources, more and more people become to accept the fact that the research of rainwater-collection-storage-utilization (RCSU) has been a new growing branch of the water resources subject. Recently in many areas, especially in some hilly areas, rainwater utilization has been an effective measure to compensate for water shortage and improve people's living standards. According to the present situation of RCSU research, the theoretical analysis of RCSU needs discussing and perfecting further. In connection with the RCSU planning in the hilly area in Xinyi City, the following paper puts forward an optimization study on the project scale and the regulation of RCSU for the first time, the analysis of the calculation results shows that the selected method and the model are feasible and effective in practice.
On the aspect of optimal scale, regarded the maximum of mean annual net benefits of water sources project as an optimization standard, an optimal method and its concrete steps are presented in this paper. The results determine the optimal irrigation design probability and the corresponding optimal storage volume per mu. In addition, this paper also proposes a self-optimization simulation model that is applied to the optimal regulation analysis of RCSU irrigation. In order to take full advantage of rainwater in different design frequencies, the paper selects the minimum of water-discharging quantity into the outside of the planning area as the objective function. Simultaneously, under the following restraint conditions, such as reservoir's optimal operation lines, water balance, the maximum of water-supply quantity, the minimum of water-diversion quantity from the outside and so on, the system objective can converge in decisions step by step through automatic on-line-identifications, judgments, feedbacks and modifications. With such repeated decisions and replacements in cycles, the simulation decision variables reach optimal solutions finally, that is, the optimal regulation processes of irrigation sub-districts are realized. Meanwhile, the program of self-optimization simulation supplies a shortcut for the calculation of the optimal regulation in irrigation districts.
在规模优选方面，以水源工程多年平均净效益最大为优选标准，对丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用工程规模提出了具体的寻优方法与步骤，确定了丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用最优灌溉设计保证率及其对应的最优雨水集蓄容积，从而确定了最优亩均集蓄容积，为丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用工程规划决策提供了重要理论依据；在灌溉调度方面，采用了自优化模拟决策模型对山丘区雨水集蓄利用灌溉调度进行了优化研究，即在不同来水频率条件下，为充分利用当地降雨径流，以系统总弃水量最少为目标函数，以水库优化控制运行线、水库水量平衡、供水量最大、外引水量最少等为约束条件，加强系统内各子系统的水量调配，通过交替放松约束和逐步收紧约束，在模拟中系统目标控制决策，在决策中辨识反馈修正逐步收敛，如此反复模拟决策和循环迭代，最终得到系统目标收敛时各决策变量的最优值，即各子系统的调配运行情况，实现了系统灌溉优化调度过程。同时实现了自优化模拟技术的编程运算，为丘陵山区雨水利用灌溉系统的优化调度计算提供了捷径。
With the global scarcity of water resources and the birth of rainwater resources, more and more people become to accept the fact that the research of rainwater-collection-storage-utilization (RCSU) has been a new growing branch of the water resources subject. Recently in many areas, especially in some hilly areas, rainwater utilization has been an effective measure to compensate for water shortage and improve people's living standards. According to the present situation of RCSU research, the theoretical analysis of RCSU needs discussing and perfecting further. In connection with the RCSU planning in the hilly area in Xinyi City, the following paper puts forward an optimization study on the project scale and the regulation of RCSU for the first time, the analysis of the calculation results shows that the selected method and the model are feasible and effective in practice.
On the aspect of optimal scale, regarded the maximum of mean annual net benefits of water sources project as an optimization standard, an optimal method and its concrete steps are presented in this paper. The results determine the optimal irrigation design probability and the corresponding optimal storage volume per mu. In addition, this paper also proposes a self-optimization simulation model that is applied to the optimal regulation analysis of RCSU irrigation. In order to take full advantage of rainwater in different design frequencies, the paper selects the minimum of water-discharging quantity into the outside of the planning area as the objective function. Simultaneously, under the following restraint conditions, such as reservoir's optimal operation lines, water balance, the maximum of water-supply quantity, the minimum of water-diversion quantity from the outside and so on, the system objective can converge in decisions step by step through automatic on-line-identifications, judgments, feedbacks and modifications. With such repeated decisions and replacements in cycles, the simulation decision variables reach optimal solutions finally, that is, the optimal regulation processes of irrigation sub-districts are realized. Meanwhile, the program of self-optimization simulation supplies a shortcut for the calculation of the optimal regulation in irrigation districts.
引文
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