黄河干流供水发电补偿效益及其分配方案研究
|
摘要
本论文主要针对黄河干流水资源系统建立干流梯级水库、电站补偿调节优化模型，采用逐步优化算法(POA)求解模型，定量分析计算了黄河干流水量以及电量补偿效益，探讨了黄河干流补偿效益的分配方案和实施对策。论文取得的主要成果如下：
(1)在满足全河干流防洪、防凌、供水等综合利用要求的前提下，以水库调度期发电量最大为目标，采用大系统分解协调方法，建立了龙刘和三小的优化模型，采用逐步优化算法(POA)求解了该模型。
(2)按照“无”龙刘调节和“有”龙刘调节两种情况，分别进行模型求解计算，对比分析得到黄河上游水电站为中下游提供的水量以及电量补偿调节结果：多年平均上游水电站为宁蒙灌区增加有效供水17.08亿m~3，为下游省市增加有效供水7.13亿m~3；为上游径流式电站增加电量8.93亿kW·h，为三小增加电量9.10亿kW·h。
(3)根据补偿效益成因分析及科学、合理、公平、公正的分配原则，提出黄河干流梯级水电站补偿效益中的供水和发电效益的初步分配方案。
a．供水补偿效益分配：上游龙刘与宁蒙为5：5，上游龙刘与三小、下游为5：3：2；
b．发电补偿效益分配：上游龙刘与上游径流式为5：5，上游龙刘与三小为5：5。
按照较为合理的水价电价计算，黄河干流仅水量电量产生的补偿效益每年约为5.086亿元。
(4)黄河上游水电站调节直接保证了宁蒙灌区与下游省区的灌溉用水，经上游龙刘调节以后，宁蒙灌区灌溉年保证率由31.25％提高到86.25％：下游省区由56.25％提高到80.00％。
Built up the optimal compensation regulation model of cascade hydropower stations for water resources system in the main stream of the Yellow River, adopted POA method to solve optimal model in order to analysis water supply and generation electricity compensation benefits, discussed its distribution project and implementation countermeasures. The main conclusions of the research are shown as follows:
(1) With meeting the comprehensive using demands including flood control, ice prevention and water supply of the main stream, aimed at the maximum generation electricity in a period of the reservoir regulation, built up the optimal regulation model of the Longyangxia - Liujiaxia system and Sanmenxia-Xiaolangdi system and adopted POA method to solve it, obtained long series compensation regulation results.
(2) In term of two cases that being upstream Long-Liu regulation or not, solved optimal model to obtained compensation results of water supply and generation electricity. The Ning-Meng system increased water 17.08*10A8 m3, the downstream system increased 7.13*10A8 m3; the runoff power stations increased generation 8.93*10A8 kW-h, the San-Xiao increased 9.10*10A8 kW-h.
(3) According to compensation benefit formation cause and scientific, rational, impartial, equitable distribution principle, put forward distribution project of water supply and generation electricity compensation benefit in the main stream of the Yellow River.
a. Water supply distribution: the proportion of the Long-Liu and the Ning-Meng is 5:5; the Long-Liu, the San-Xiao and the downstream is 5:3:2;
b. Generation electricity distribution: the proportion of the Long-Liu and the runoff power stations is 5:5; the Long-Liu and the San-Xiao is 5:5.
In term of rational price the compensation benefit in the main stream of the Yellow River mean annual is 5.086* 10A8 Yuan.
(4) With the Long-Liu regulated, the Ning-Meng irrigation guarantee rate increased
from 31.25 to 86.25 percent, the downstream increased from 56.25 to 80.00 percent.
(1)在满足全河干流防洪、防凌、供水等综合利用要求的前提下，以水库调度期发电量最大为目标，采用大系统分解协调方法，建立了龙刘和三小的优化模型，采用逐步优化算法(POA)求解了该模型。
(2)按照“无”龙刘调节和“有”龙刘调节两种情况，分别进行模型求解计算，对比分析得到黄河上游水电站为中下游提供的水量以及电量补偿调节结果：多年平均上游水电站为宁蒙灌区增加有效供水17.08亿m~3，为下游省市增加有效供水7.13亿m~3；为上游径流式电站增加电量8.93亿kW·h，为三小增加电量9.10亿kW·h。
(3)根据补偿效益成因分析及科学、合理、公平、公正的分配原则，提出黄河干流梯级水电站补偿效益中的供水和发电效益的初步分配方案。
a．供水补偿效益分配：上游龙刘与宁蒙为5：5，上游龙刘与三小、下游为5：3：2；
b．发电补偿效益分配：上游龙刘与上游径流式为5：5，上游龙刘与三小为5：5。
按照较为合理的水价电价计算，黄河干流仅水量电量产生的补偿效益每年约为5.086亿元。
(4)黄河上游水电站调节直接保证了宁蒙灌区与下游省区的灌溉用水，经上游龙刘调节以后，宁蒙灌区灌溉年保证率由31.25％提高到86.25％：下游省区由56.25％提高到80.00％。
Built up the optimal compensation regulation model of cascade hydropower stations for water resources system in the main stream of the Yellow River, adopted POA method to solve optimal model in order to analysis water supply and generation electricity compensation benefits, discussed its distribution project and implementation countermeasures. The main conclusions of the research are shown as follows:
(1) With meeting the comprehensive using demands including flood control, ice prevention and water supply of the main stream, aimed at the maximum generation electricity in a period of the reservoir regulation, built up the optimal regulation model of the Longyangxia - Liujiaxia system and Sanmenxia-Xiaolangdi system and adopted POA method to solve it, obtained long series compensation regulation results.
(2) In term of two cases that being upstream Long-Liu regulation or not, solved optimal model to obtained compensation results of water supply and generation electricity. The Ning-Meng system increased water 17.08*10A8 m3, the downstream system increased 7.13*10A8 m3; the runoff power stations increased generation 8.93*10A8 kW-h, the San-Xiao increased 9.10*10A8 kW-h.
(3) According to compensation benefit formation cause and scientific, rational, impartial, equitable distribution principle, put forward distribution project of water supply and generation electricity compensation benefit in the main stream of the Yellow River.
a. Water supply distribution: the proportion of the Long-Liu and the Ning-Meng is 5:5; the Long-Liu, the San-Xiao and the downstream is 5:3:2;
b. Generation electricity distribution: the proportion of the Long-Liu and the runoff power stations is 5:5; the Long-Liu and the San-Xiao is 5:5.
In term of rational price the compensation benefit in the main stream of the Yellow River mean annual is 5.086* 10A8 Yuan.
(4) With the Long-Liu regulated, the Ning-Meng irrigation guarantee rate increased
from 31.25 to 86.25 percent, the downstream increased from 56.25 to 80.00 percent.
引文
[1] 黄河上游梯级水电站补偿效益研究．西安理工大学水利水电学院，西北电力调度通信中心．2001年11月
[2] 黄河上中游水量调度重要文献和技术资料汇编．西北电管局水调研究组．1995年1月
[3] 黄河龙羊峡、刘家峡、小浪底三水库联合调度初步研究．西安理工大学水利水电学院，西北电力调度通信中心．2001年8月
[4] 黄河水资源实时水量分配研究．水利部黄河水利委员会勘测设计研究院．2001年6月
[5] 陕西能源可持续发展战略问题研究．西安理工大学，陕西秦达投资咨询有限责任公司．1999年12月
[6] 水电梯级补偿效益分配政策研究报告(初稿)．国家电力公司水电水利规划设计总院．北京．1999年9月
[7] 薛小杰、黄强、田峰巍等．梯级水电站补偿效益分摊方法研究．中国农村水利水电．2001(4)
[8] 沈磊．我国水电发电效益的定量分析．水力发电．2000(4)
[9] 周云、艾明建、李幼华．梯级水电站间水库调节效益偿付方法研究．水力发电．2000(3)
[10] 张厚玉、沈季珍．位山灌区灌溉效益分摊系数计算．人民黄河．2000(3)
[11] 王海政、韩振强、张玫．西线调水入黄后黄河干流调蓄工程初步分析．人民黄河．2000(2)
[12] 杨文华、孙美斋．龙羊峡、刘家峡水库联合调度分析．水力发电学报．2000(1)
[13] 陈守煜．水利水文资源系统的模糊优化与数值计算．大连：大连理工出版社．1997
[14] 董子敖．水电站水库群长期优化调度方法．水能技术经济．1984(4)
[15] Willa, W-G.Yeh. Reservoir management and operation modes a state-of-the-at review. Water Resources, 1985,21(2)
[16] 冯尚友．水资源系统工程．武汉：湖北科学技术出版社．1991
[17] 李钰心．水资源系统运行调度．北京：中国水利水电出版社
[18] 黄强、沈晋．黄河干流水库调度及智能决策支持系统．西安：陕西科学技术出版社．1996
[19] Qingfu Liang, A comparison of two methods for multiobjective optimization for reservoir operation, Water Resources Bulletin, 32(2)
[20] 谢新民．地下水资源系统多目标管理模型及一种交互式方式．河海大学学报．21(1)
[21] 邓聚龙．多维灰色规划．武昌：华中理工大学出版社．1989
[22] 聂相田等．水资源可持续利用管理不确定性分析方法及应用．郑州：黄河水利出版社．1999
[23] 万俊．大系统分解协调技术及DDDP算法在水库群优化补偿调节中的联合应用．水利水电技术．1994(5)
[24] Newson, Malcoln David, Land, Water and Development: River Basin Systems and Their Sustainable Management. London: Routledge, 1992
[25] 张功义．谈龙头水库投资如何在下游梯级电站中分摊．水利水电科技进展．2000，20(6)：43-44，61
[26] 黄守信等．多库联合优化调度的多维随机动态规划数学模型．水利学报．1988(8)
[27] 董子敖、李瑛．大规模水电站群随机优化补偿调节模型．水力发电学报．1991(4)
[28] 张翔等．水文水资源神经网络模型研究．水文科技信息．1996(2)
[29] S.Vvedula, An integrated model for optimal reservoir operation for irrigation of multiple crops, Water Resources Research, 32 (4)
[30] Biswas. A. K. ec al, Water for Sustainable Development in the 21st Century, Oxford University Press, 1993
[31] Molden D, Sakthivadivel A. Water Accounting to Assess Use and Productivity of Water[J]. Water resources Development, 15(1&2), 1999:55～71
[32] 黄涛珍、王宗源．电力规划模型及水电补偿调节研究动态．水利水电科技进展．1995(4)
[33] 伍宏中．水电站群补偿径流调节的线性规划模型及其应用．水力发电学报．1998(1)
[34] Illic M, Galiana F, Fink L. Power Systems Restructuring, Engineering and Economics [M]. KAP, 1998
[35] H.Raman and V. Chandramouli. Deriving a General Operating Policy for Reservoirs Using. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 1996.May
[36] 田峰巍．梯级水电站水库群联合调度专家系统研究．博士论文．西安理工大
[37] 田峰巍等．梯级水电站群的规划与调度．北京：科学技术文献出版社．1992
[38] 武鹏林、霍德敏等．水利计算与水库调度．北京：地震出版社．2000
[39] 周之豪等．水利水能规划(第二版)．北京：中国水利水电出版社．1997
[40] 小浪底水库初期运用方式研究报告．水利部、黄河水利委员会勘测规划设计研究院．1999
[41] 下游引黄灌区现状用水需求分析研究(咨询稿)．水利部黄河水利委员会、黄河三门峡以下非汛期水量调度系统研究项目组．1999
[42] 黄强．水能利用．北京：中国水利水电出版社．1996
[43] 《运筹学》教材编写组．运筹学(修订版)．北京：清华大学出版社．1996
[44] 马燕林、吴靖等，数据库管理信息系统(Visual FoxPro 6.0)．经济科学出版社．2000
[45] 张鲁．Visual FoxPro 6.0编程技巧与实例分析．中国水利水电出版社．1999．10
[46] 门槛创作室．Visual FoxPro 6.0实例教程．电子工业出版社．1999．4
[47] 解建仓、田峰巍、索丽生等．水资源调度管理决策支持系统的理论与实践．陕西科学技术出版社．1997
[48] Braden J B, Ierland. E C.van. Balancing: The Economic Approach to Sustainable Water Management. Water Science Technical, 39(5), 1999:17～23
[49] Chen Senlin, Wan Biao, Ai Xueshan, Wang Fang. General Flood Control Compensative Operating Model for Reservoir Group. International Journal Hydroelectric Energy. 2001.Dec
[50] 王新民．水库调度应重视经济效益——龙羊峡水库运行十年的分析与思考．青海电力．1998(4)
[51] 杨侃、丰景春、陆桂华．水库调度中逐次优化算法(POA)的收敛性研究．河海大学学报．1996(1)
[52] 吴艳秋、卞世中等．黄河下游水费征收存在的问题与建议．人民黄河．2001(1)
[53] 骆志雄．水电站电力补偿效益分析．农田水利与小水电．1991(1)
[54] 洪志深．西北电网未来内部电力市场体系及调度体制探讨．电网技术．1996(4)
[55] 杨荣耑．小湾水电站效益评价．云南水力发电．1996(3)
[56] 杨荣耑．天生桥一级水电站的地位与作用．云南水力发电．1999(1)
[57] 吴宗法、谈为雄．考虑梯级电站不同组合的径流补偿调节模型研究．水利水电技术．1994(1)
[58] 杨振立、王军良、李福生．碛口水库与安康、石泉水库补偿调节效益．陕西水力发电．1998(12)
[59] Lan Yongchao, Kang Er-si, Ma Quanjie, Yang Wenhua, Yao Zhizong. Runoff Forecast Model for Inflow to the Longyangxia Reservoir in the Upper Yellow River Basin During Spring. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 1999.Dec
[60] I.A. Shiklom anov. World Water Resources and Water Use Modern Assessment and Outlook for Future. Advances in Water Science. 1999.Sep
[61] 王道席、朱元甡．黄河三门峡以下非汛期水资源管理研究．水文．2001(1)
[62] 王益能．黄河水资源合理分配问题研究．人民黄河．1996(8)
[63] 张润亭、王桂娥．三门峡水库汛期浑水发电优化调度方式研究．人民黄河．1995(12)
[64] Zhang Jinqian. Hydropower Resources in China. Electricity. 2001 No. 1
[65] Yuan Peng, Wang Wensheng, Ding Jing. Analysis in statistical Properties of Maximum Annual Water Levels of Reservoirs in China. International Journal Hydroelectricity Energy. 2002.Mar
[66] 刘鑫卿、顾宁昌．华中华南联网水电站群补偿调节优化算法研究．电力系统自动化．1999(8)
[67] 方国华、戴树声．防洪效益计算方法述评．水利水电科技进展．1995(4)
[68] 董子敖、李瑛、阎建生．串并混联水电站优化调度与补偿调节多目标多层次模型．
水力发电学报．1989(2)
[69] Zhao Xinhua, Tian Yimei, Chen Chunfang. Research on Municipal Water Demands Forecast. Transactions of Tianjin University. Vol.7 No.1 2001. Mar
[70] 蔡建章、管家梁．水库群补偿调度的蓄能率分配方法．水力发电学报．1991(3)
[71] 王本德、程春田、周惠成．水库调度模糊优化方法理论与实践．人民长江，1999(10)
[72] 张会言、魏广修、侯传河等．黄河水资源供需前景分析．人民黄河．1996(8)
[73] 陈洋波、王先甲、冯尚友．考虑发电量与保证出力的水库调度多目标优化方法．系统工程理论与实践．1998(4)
[74] 黄强、晏毅、范荣生．水库调度放水约束计算模型及其应用．水电能源科学．1996(9)
[75] 李玉梅、史复有．黄河上游水利工程对水质的影响浅析．人民黄河．1998(11)
[76] Wuhongzhong. Nonlinear Programming Application in Compensating Runoff Regulation of a Hydropower System. International Journal Hydroelectricity Energy. 1994.Jun
[77] Gao Hong, Wang Huanchen, Tan Weixiong. A New Method of Compensative Regulation of Hydropower Based on Artificial Neural Network. International Journal Hydroelectric Energy. 1998.Mar
[78] 吴凯、唐登银、谢贤群．黄河下游河川径流的变化趋势与对策．地理研究．Vol．19(4)，2000(12)
[79] 高宏，王浣尘，刘可新，谈为雄．基于人工神经网络的水电补偿调节研究．Vol．14(3)，1999(9)
[2] 黄河上中游水量调度重要文献和技术资料汇编．西北电管局水调研究组．1995年1月
[3] 黄河龙羊峡、刘家峡、小浪底三水库联合调度初步研究．西安理工大学水利水电学院，西北电力调度通信中心．2001年8月
[4] 黄河水资源实时水量分配研究．水利部黄河水利委员会勘测设计研究院．2001年6月
[5] 陕西能源可持续发展战略问题研究．西安理工大学，陕西秦达投资咨询有限责任公司．1999年12月
[6] 水电梯级补偿效益分配政策研究报告(初稿)．国家电力公司水电水利规划设计总院．北京．1999年9月
[7] 薛小杰、黄强、田峰巍等．梯级水电站补偿效益分摊方法研究．中国农村水利水电．2001(4)
[8] 沈磊．我国水电发电效益的定量分析．水力发电．2000(4)
[9] 周云、艾明建、李幼华．梯级水电站间水库调节效益偿付方法研究．水力发电．2000(3)
[10] 张厚玉、沈季珍．位山灌区灌溉效益分摊系数计算．人民黄河．2000(3)
[11] 王海政、韩振强、张玫．西线调水入黄后黄河干流调蓄工程初步分析．人民黄河．2000(2)
[12] 杨文华、孙美斋．龙羊峡、刘家峡水库联合调度分析．水力发电学报．2000(1)
[13] 陈守煜．水利水文资源系统的模糊优化与数值计算．大连：大连理工出版社．1997
[14] 董子敖．水电站水库群长期优化调度方法．水能技术经济．1984(4)
[15] Willa, W-G.Yeh. Reservoir management and operation modes a state-of-the-at review. Water Resources, 1985,21(2)
[16] 冯尚友．水资源系统工程．武汉：湖北科学技术出版社．1991
[17] 李钰心．水资源系统运行调度．北京：中国水利水电出版社
[18] 黄强、沈晋．黄河干流水库调度及智能决策支持系统．西安：陕西科学技术出版社．1996
[19] Qingfu Liang, A comparison of two methods for multiobjective optimization for reservoir operation, Water Resources Bulletin, 32(2)
[20] 谢新民．地下水资源系统多目标管理模型及一种交互式方式．河海大学学报．21(1)
[21] 邓聚龙．多维灰色规划．武昌：华中理工大学出版社．1989
[22] 聂相田等．水资源可持续利用管理不确定性分析方法及应用．郑州：黄河水利出版社．1999
[23] 万俊．大系统分解协调技术及DDDP算法在水库群优化补偿调节中的联合应用．水利水电技术．1994(5)
[24] Newson, Malcoln David, Land, Water and Development: River Basin Systems and Their Sustainable Management. London: Routledge, 1992
[25] 张功义．谈龙头水库投资如何在下游梯级电站中分摊．水利水电科技进展．2000，20(6)：43-44，61
[26] 黄守信等．多库联合优化调度的多维随机动态规划数学模型．水利学报．1988(8)
[27] 董子敖、李瑛．大规模水电站群随机优化补偿调节模型．水力发电学报．1991(4)
[28] 张翔等．水文水资源神经网络模型研究．水文科技信息．1996(2)
[29] S.Vvedula, An integrated model for optimal reservoir operation for irrigation of multiple crops, Water Resources Research, 32 (4)
[30] Biswas. A. K. ec al, Water for Sustainable Development in the 21st Century, Oxford University Press, 1993
[31] Molden D, Sakthivadivel A. Water Accounting to Assess Use and Productivity of Water[J]. Water resources Development, 15(1&2), 1999:55～71
[32] 黄涛珍、王宗源．电力规划模型及水电补偿调节研究动态．水利水电科技进展．1995(4)
[33] 伍宏中．水电站群补偿径流调节的线性规划模型及其应用．水力发电学报．1998(1)
[34] Illic M, Galiana F, Fink L. Power Systems Restructuring, Engineering and Economics [M]. KAP, 1998
[35] H.Raman and V. Chandramouli. Deriving a General Operating Policy for Reservoirs Using. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 1996.May
[36] 田峰巍．梯级水电站水库群联合调度专家系统研究．博士论文．西安理工大
[37] 田峰巍等．梯级水电站群的规划与调度．北京：科学技术文献出版社．1992
[38] 武鹏林、霍德敏等．水利计算与水库调度．北京：地震出版社．2000
[39] 周之豪等．水利水能规划(第二版)．北京：中国水利水电出版社．1997
[40] 小浪底水库初期运用方式研究报告．水利部、黄河水利委员会勘测规划设计研究院．1999
[41] 下游引黄灌区现状用水需求分析研究(咨询稿)．水利部黄河水利委员会、黄河三门峡以下非汛期水量调度系统研究项目组．1999
[42] 黄强．水能利用．北京：中国水利水电出版社．1996
[43] 《运筹学》教材编写组．运筹学(修订版)．北京：清华大学出版社．1996
[44] 马燕林、吴靖等，数据库管理信息系统(Visual FoxPro 6.0)．经济科学出版社．2000
[45] 张鲁．Visual FoxPro 6.0编程技巧与实例分析．中国水利水电出版社．1999．10
[46] 门槛创作室．Visual FoxPro 6.0实例教程．电子工业出版社．1999．4
[47] 解建仓、田峰巍、索丽生等．水资源调度管理决策支持系统的理论与实践．陕西科学技术出版社．1997
[48] Braden J B, Ierland. E C.van. Balancing: The Economic Approach to Sustainable Water Management. Water Science Technical, 39(5), 1999:17～23
[49] Chen Senlin, Wan Biao, Ai Xueshan, Wang Fang. General Flood Control Compensative Operating Model for Reservoir Group. International Journal Hydroelectric Energy. 2001.Dec
[50] 王新民．水库调度应重视经济效益——龙羊峡水库运行十年的分析与思考．青海电力．1998(4)
[51] 杨侃、丰景春、陆桂华．水库调度中逐次优化算法(POA)的收敛性研究．河海大学学报．1996(1)
[52] 吴艳秋、卞世中等．黄河下游水费征收存在的问题与建议．人民黄河．2001(1)
[53] 骆志雄．水电站电力补偿效益分析．农田水利与小水电．1991(1)
[54] 洪志深．西北电网未来内部电力市场体系及调度体制探讨．电网技术．1996(4)
[55] 杨荣耑．小湾水电站效益评价．云南水力发电．1996(3)
[56] 杨荣耑．天生桥一级水电站的地位与作用．云南水力发电．1999(1)
[57] 吴宗法、谈为雄．考虑梯级电站不同组合的径流补偿调节模型研究．水利水电技术．1994(1)
[58] 杨振立、王军良、李福生．碛口水库与安康、石泉水库补偿调节效益．陕西水力发电．1998(12)
[59] Lan Yongchao, Kang Er-si, Ma Quanjie, Yang Wenhua, Yao Zhizong. Runoff Forecast Model for Inflow to the Longyangxia Reservoir in the Upper Yellow River Basin During Spring. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 1999.Dec
[60] I.A. Shiklom anov. World Water Resources and Water Use Modern Assessment and Outlook for Future. Advances in Water Science. 1999.Sep
[61] 王道席、朱元甡．黄河三门峡以下非汛期水资源管理研究．水文．2001(1)
[62] 王益能．黄河水资源合理分配问题研究．人民黄河．1996(8)
[63] 张润亭、王桂娥．三门峡水库汛期浑水发电优化调度方式研究．人民黄河．1995(12)
[64] Zhang Jinqian. Hydropower Resources in China. Electricity. 2001 No. 1
[65] Yuan Peng, Wang Wensheng, Ding Jing. Analysis in statistical Properties of Maximum Annual Water Levels of Reservoirs in China. International Journal Hydroelectricity Energy. 2002.Mar
[66] 刘鑫卿、顾宁昌．华中华南联网水电站群补偿调节优化算法研究．电力系统自动化．1999(8)
[67] 方国华、戴树声．防洪效益计算方法述评．水利水电科技进展．1995(4)
[68] 董子敖、李瑛、阎建生．串并混联水电站优化调度与补偿调节多目标多层次模型．
水力发电学报．1989(2)
[69] Zhao Xinhua, Tian Yimei, Chen Chunfang. Research on Municipal Water Demands Forecast. Transactions of Tianjin University. Vol.7 No.1 2001. Mar
[70] 蔡建章、管家梁．水库群补偿调度的蓄能率分配方法．水力发电学报．1991(3)
[71] 王本德、程春田、周惠成．水库调度模糊优化方法理论与实践．人民长江，1999(10)
[72] 张会言、魏广修、侯传河等．黄河水资源供需前景分析．人民黄河．1996(8)
[73] 陈洋波、王先甲、冯尚友．考虑发电量与保证出力的水库调度多目标优化方法．系统工程理论与实践．1998(4)
[74] 黄强、晏毅、范荣生．水库调度放水约束计算模型及其应用．水电能源科学．1996(9)
[75] 李玉梅、史复有．黄河上游水利工程对水质的影响浅析．人民黄河．1998(11)
[76] Wuhongzhong. Nonlinear Programming Application in Compensating Runoff Regulation of a Hydropower System. International Journal Hydroelectricity Energy. 1994.Jun
[77] Gao Hong, Wang Huanchen, Tan Weixiong. A New Method of Compensative Regulation of Hydropower Based on Artificial Neural Network. International Journal Hydroelectric Energy. 1998.Mar
[78] 吴凯、唐登银、谢贤群．黄河下游河川径流的变化趋势与对策．地理研究．Vol．19(4)，2000(12)
[79] 高宏，王浣尘，刘可新，谈为雄．基于人工神经网络的水电补偿调节研究．Vol．14(3)，1999(9)